王红梅
(江苏省如东县掘港镇童店初级中学,江苏如东 226400)
我国学者李政涛在《倾听着的教育——论教师对学生的倾听》一文中曾提出:“教育的过程是教师与学生彼此倾听和回答的过程。当此过程被中断或者极度混乱之时,那么教师与学生之间会无法有效交流,就会面临教育危机。所以,教师需要承担重要责任,作为一名教育工作者,不只是担负着培育与提高同学们倾听能力的职责,还担负着发展且使用本身倾听能力的职责。”
T:Everybody has problems.Different people have different problems.For example,I am getting fatter and fatter.My father has a weak body.Do you have any problems?(课堂一开始我就放下所谓的“师道尊严”,主动与学生分享我的真实烦恼,既直接引出了本课的主题,又激发了学生的兴趣,更重要的是能引导学生认真倾听教师的表达、思考与之相关的内容并且“依葫芦画瓢”式地表达出来。)
S:Of course we have.
T:Are you willing to share your problems with us? And if you are,it can help us become less stressed.(通过描述分享烦恼的功能来复习Unit 2所学的生词stressed.)
S1:I'm too short.
S2:I have a lot of homework to do.
S3:I often failed in the exams and it always makes my parents angry with me.
……
语言学习一定是从模仿开始的,小孩子的“牙牙学语”提醒我们在表达时要做到准确、清晰,如果要提高模仿效果,只有做到有效倾听。
为了使学生保持认真倾听的状态,教师要把握好课堂语言的节奏,抑扬顿挫的声调变换直接关系到讲课的效果。总是平淡低沉的声调,容易导致课堂气氛沉闷,学生易疲倦、瞌睡;相反,总是高亢震耳的声调,会让学生对于所学内容无主次之分。恰到好处的声音节奏,是为了达到学生的听觉要求,符合学生思维运动的规则,加强语言的艺术性,实现更加显著的倾听成效[1]。
T:After learning Millie's teenage problems,let's have an interview with the members of your group.Please make a survey about your classmates'teenage problems and then report the result to the whole class.
S1:We all have teenage problems.Let's talk about our problems together.It can help us know more about each other.Sometimes we can even help ourselves out of trouble.
S2:I like playing computer games very much.But my parents don't allow me to play games at all.They think I am weak in study and I should spend most of my time studying.
……
小组活动是各学科课堂上运用得较多的一种教学形式,尤其是在英语课上。通过小组活动,不仅能促进学生之间的合作,而且给学生创造了一个良好的倾听与表达的语言环境。在小组活动中还存在一定的竞争意识,心理学研究证明,大脑处于竞争状态时,学生的学习效果要比平时好得多。此时,学生会尽自己最大能力认真倾听同伴的表达,从而来丰富自己的表达内容,或者表达出不一样的观点,这种倾听同伴的方式有助于学生进一步提高自己的表达能力。
T:If you have the chance to write to Mr Sigmund Friend to ask for some advice,what will you say in your letter? I am also a good listener,just like Sigmund Friend.(跟学生明确我会认真倾听的态度,让学生在表达前感到自己是受尊重的,并且愿意真诚地进行表达。)
(Give the students three or four minutes to prepare for it.)
S1:Dear Sigmund Friend,I am also a Grade 9 student.My name is Li Tianjiao.I have tried my best to work hard at all my subjects.But I often get low marks in the exams.I'm afraid that my classmates will laugh at me and my parents will not be satisfied with my poor schoolwork.Sometimes I even want to give up studying.I am not clever enough to do well in study.Do you think so?(该生对自己要求较高,上进心强,但是英语成绩在班上处于中等水平,在她的描述中虽然没有复合句等高级句式,但却多次运用到了前两个单元所学到的短语和单词,并且运用恰当,表达清晰。)
T:You did a good job.If I were you,I would share my worries with my parents.I believe they will understand me because I try my best.This is the most important.
我们都知道,榜样的力量是无穷的。作为一名教师,我们应首先做到认真倾听学生,为学生树立学习的榜样,使学生在耳濡目染中养成良好的倾听习惯。同时,教师的认真倾听能让学生切身感受到教师对自己的尊重,激发学生真情实感的流露,提高学生发言的质量,从而使学生乐于表达。
善于倾听,就要学会尊重;善于表达,就要学会倾听。师生双方在课堂上都要有一双善于倾听的耳朵,倾听可以增进师生之间的沟通和交流,促进相互间的理解。同时,教师要善于构建优良的“听说”环境,调动学生“听说”的热情与积极性,提高他们的“听说”能力,进而让学生了解如何倾听、如何表达、如何彼此尊重,最终实现教学相长,谱写师生共同发展的和谐乐章!
[1]孙用英.初中英语教学中如何培养学生的口语表达能力[J].中学生英语,2017,(02):75.