在英语阅读课中培养写作能力

张红霞

关键词：中学英语;核心素养;思维能力;写作能力

中图分类号：G633.41    文献标识码：B    文章编号：1009-010X（2020）05-0059-03

英语教师对如何提高学生写作能力不断进行深入探讨和研究。本文以人教版九年级Unit 13  We are trying to save the earth复习课为依托，通过设计相应活动来培养学生的写作能力。

一、学情分析

（一）教学内容分析

本单元话题是“保护环境”，分别从噪声污染、空气污染、水污染几方面让学生对环境破坏有直观的认识，从而激发其强烈的社会责任感和对未来发展的思考。作为一节复习课，笔者对整个单元的教学内容进行了整合，从词汇复习到句式和篇章复习都结合了不同的板块主题。

（二）学生分析

这是笔者在山区一中学送教下乡时的一节课。山区学校的学生英语相对较弱，缺乏运用语言的条件和环境，其口语表达能力较弱，英语的学习更多停留在对字词句篇的记忆和理解上，还未形成内化运用的习惯，从而导致写作能力相对较弱。在本课的教学过程中，需搭建足够稳固的框架、激发学生的兴趣、树立写作信心，以达到教学目标，最终提升学生的写作能力。

（三）教学目标

根据教学内容与学生的学情分析，笔者借助词汇、句式、语篇多种形式，将所有内容围绕发现环境问题、解决环境问题来进行。

教学目标如下：1.运用本单元已学词汇、句型谈论相关环境问题;2.能根据语篇内容，疏通思维脉络，训练逻辑思维;3.能完成写作任务。

二、教学过程

Step I.  Word-checking

I. Match the words with their meanings.

Use the words to fill in the blanks.

Water Pollution

People are throwing l______ into the river. Even the b ____ of the river was full of rubbish. There were no more fish for f_______to catch.

Air Pollution

Factories burn c______ and pollute the air with black smoke.

Land pollution

People are using too many p_______ bags and t________ too much rubbish and waste. They are turning beautiful places into u______ ones.

Ⅱ.Match the words with their meanings.

Use the words to fill in the blanks.

Humans are doing too many bad things to the earth. Take “sharks” as an example.

People catch sharks and cut off their fins and then throw the sharks back into the ocean. This is not only c_____ but also h_________ to the environment.

Ⅲ.Match the words with their meanings.

Use the words to fill in the blanks.

Facing these problems， we must take a_____ to save our earth. What can we do？

1. We can ____________（乘坐公共汽車）or the subway instead of driving.

2. We can also __________（骑自行车）.

3. We can never take _____（木制的） chopsticks or plastic bags when we buy takeaway food.

4. Remember to throw rubbish into the bin and _____ public places ______（保持干净）.

5. We can r___ books and paper.（重复使用）.

6. We can ________（关上） the lights when we leave a room.

An unusual woman， Amy， puts many things___________ （充分利用）.She has a house out of rubbish. The windows are from the old buildings that were __________（拆毁）. The gate is made of rocks and old glasses b_______.

Wang Tao hopes to set up a “____（金属） park”. In the park， he hopes these cold， hard iron can be _____（恢复）to life with a little creativity.

设计意图：围绕本单元重点词汇及句型，巧妙选取所有和环保相关的句子或篇章来进行重点词汇复习，并且让学生能够熟悉环保习惯的文本。为后期达到写作训练的目的做铺垫。

Step 2  Problems in our daily life

Water Pollution

People are throwing l______ into the river. Even the b _____of the river was full of rubbish. There were no more fish for f_______ to catch.

Air Pollution

Factories burn c______ and pollute the air with black smoke.

Land pollution

People are using too many p_______ bags and _________too much rubbish and waste. They are turning beautiful places into u_____ ones.

设计意图：让学生思考我们面对着哪些环境问题，激发其社会责任感。進一步为写作做准备。

Step 3  The ways to protect the environment

Facing these problems， we must take a_______ to save our earth. What can we do？

1. We can ____________（乘坐公共汽车）or the subway instead of driving.

2. We can also __________（骑自行车）.

3. We can never take _____（木制的）chopsticks or plastic bag when we buy takeaway food.

4. Remember to throw rubbish into the bin and _____ public places ______ （保持干净）.

5. We can r____ books and paper（重复使用）.

6. We can _________（关上）the lights when we leave a room.

Two heroes！

An unusual woman， Amy， puts many things ________________（充分利用）. She has a house out of rubbish. The windows are from the old buildings that were _______________（拆毁）.The gate is made of rocks and old glasses b_______.

Wang Tao hopes to set up a “__________（金属）park”. In the park， he hopes these cold， hard iron can be ___________（恢复）to life with a little creativity.

设计意图：引导学生思考能做什么来保护环境？促进其对未来发展的思考。到此基本能让学生完成整个逻辑思维发展——从发现问题到解决问题的过程，他们可以开始写作。

Step 4  Writing

最近，中国大部分地区出现严重的雾霾天气，故增强环保意识人人有责。我们学校最近开展了一次演讲活动，来警醒学生要保护环境。请你就这一话题写篇短文。开头和结尾已给出。

提示：

1. What is our environment like now？

2. What can people do to stop the pollution？

My dear teachers and friends，

Now I will tell you something about our environment. As we all know，…

……

We really hope we can have a better and more beautiful earth！ Lets take action！

设计意图：

写什么？——演讲稿。倡导大家爱护环境。

写几个方面？1.现在环境恶劣（第一段）;2.需要怎么做来保护环境（第二段）;3.发出呼吁。

什么时态？1.一般现在时来描述现在的环境;2.一般现在时或一般将来时倡导怎么做。

Step 5 Show time

Ask the students to show their writings to the whole class.

设计意图：提供平台让学生进行展示，达到写作目的并且能够师生共同进行点评。

Step 6 Homework

Polish the composition after class and share your ideas in your groups.

设计意图：让学生再次精修自己的作文，巩固今天所学内容，并且让学生互相交流来开拓思路，进一步引发思考，唤起社会责任。

三、教学反思

本节课容量较大，对学生的思维能力、写作能力要求比较高。笔者的反思主要有以下两点。

首先，突出学生主体地位。本节课的设计考虑到山区学生的实际情况，一是他们面临中考压力，要迫切突破写作难关;二是他们英语基础较弱，因此每步教学设计都尽量符合其认知水平。在课堂教学中，教师关注到了每位学生并根据其反馈对他们进行鼓励和引导，使学生能大胆地投入课堂学习，表达自己的观点。

其次，整合整个单元内容促进写作能力的提高。在教学过程中，对教材进行整合及调整，使之为教学目标服务，建立各步骤间的紧密联系。让学生在自主学习、小组学习中运用语言，逐步达到写作能力的提高。

四、结论

在初中英语的写作教学中，教师需要更新观念、从学生的学情出发设立适合他们的教学目标，引导学生深刻理解文本，培养他们的思维能力，从而逐步提高其写作能力。