严峰
摘 要:科技英语的重要性不言而喻。在进行科技英语的翻译实践中,由于英文汉语具有各自不同的结构形式特点,再加上科技英语自身专业性很强,科技英语英译汉的难度颇大。
关键词:科技英语;文体;特点
和文学英语相比,科技英语有自己的研究范围和内容,有其自身的文本特点。研科技英语语言和行文特点,更有利于科技英语翻译与研究的准确性和针对性。
1 科技英语的特点
(1)长句多,且句子复杂。科技文章要求叙述准确严谨,因此一个单句的结构可以非常曲折而重叠。
①The efficiency of the equipment is significantly influenced by the quality of the gas and the petroleum oil and, consequently, by the contact between the cast-iron and the carbon and between the cast-iron and the steel.设备的效率要受燃气和石油质量以及铸铁和炭块之间的接触和铸铁与钢棒之间的接触的影响。②Among alkali metals, heavy alkali metals (K, Rb and Cs) give stage 1 compounds with the composition of MC8 (M=K, Rb, Cs) and lithium also gives stage 1 compound with the composition of LiC6. 在碱金属中,重碱金属(K, Rb和Cs)生成带合成物MC8(M=K, Rb, Cs)的1级复合物; 锂会生成带合成物LiC6的1级复合物。③The densification capacity of the latest generation of vibratory compactors is high and adjustable, allowing good and consistent metal block to be maintained.新一代震动成型机的稠化效果很好而且可以调节,使得金属块特性保持较好的一致性。
(2)被动语态多。科技英语中被动语态的使用极为频繁。
Steel samples have been resistance heated in a laboratory study. The samples were heated by passing electric current through the electrode in a cold nitrogen atmosphere. No external heating was applied. Temperature measurements were done using an infrared camera to examine differences in the temperature distribution across the sample surface during the heating. 在实验室对预焙阳极进行电阻加热研究。在冷氮气环境下,电流直接通過电极加热样品,而不使用外部加热源。在加热过程中,使用红外线照相机检查样品表面的的温度分布情况以完成温度的测量工作。这是一段描述新型不锈钢在实验室受测的场景,总共四个单句,每个单句作者都用了被动态。
(3)非谓语动词用的多。这包括了动名词,分词,不定式。例如①To solve the problem of insufficient heat generated within the sample, it was decided to use a much smaller ring size and use different electrical connectors.为解决样品内部热量不足的问题,试验使用了尺寸更小的圆环和不同的电源连接器。②Wear of firebrick is one of the main factors limiting the lifetime of baking furnace.耐火砖的损耗是限制焙烧炉寿命的主要因素。
(4)大量使用后置定语。后置定语在科技英语中频繁使用,具有简化结构、加强语气、强调动作的功能。①Transport mechanisms of silicon carbide related to the wear process will be discussed .与损耗过程相关的碳化硅运动机理将得到进一步讨论。②Two mercury methods adopted from the ceramic and refractory industry were employed to determine the apparent density of coke. 采用了原应用于陶瓷和耐火材料产业的两种水银测量法来确定焦炭的表观密度。
2 结语
本文对科技英语的特点做了一些介绍和分析,科技英语从业人员熟悉并掌握这些特点,在阅读或者翻译科技英语时,就能比较容易地理解原文含义。
参考文献
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[2]谢小苑.科技英语翻译技巧与实践[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2008.
[3]王卫平,潘丽蓉.英语科技文献的语言特点与翻译[M].上海交通大学出版社,2009.