朱晓芸 马如超 于红刚
[摘要] 目的 系統评价Runt相关转录因子3(RUNX3)(rs760805)基因多态性与胃癌发病风险的相关性。 方法 计算机检索数据库PubMed、EMbase、The Cochrane Library(2018年3期)、CMB、CNKI、VIP、Wanfang data,检索时间为建库到2018年3月,筛选关于RUNX3基因多态性与胃癌相关性的病例对照研究,语言限定为中文与英文。由两位评价员独立筛选文献,提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险,使用Newcastle-Ottawa量表(NOS)评价研究质量。对RUNX3(rs760805)各基因型模型进行比较,包括A与T、AA与TT、AA与TA+TT、TA与TT、AA+TA与TT,综合分析其在病例组和对照组中的分布情况。通过Q检验和I2值分析各研究间的异质性,应用Egger′s回归法验证评估发表偏倚,采用Stata 12.0软件进行Meta分析,计算比值比(OR)及95%置信区间(95%CI),评估RUNX3(rs760805)基因多态性与胃癌发病风险的相关性。 结果 本研究共纳入5项病例对照研究,共有1363例胃癌患者及1346例健康对照。Meta分析结果显示:RUNX3(rs760805)基因多态性与胃癌发病风险有关[A vs. T:OR = 1.27,95%CI(1.01, 1.59),P = 0.039;AA+TA vs. TT:OR = 1.30,95%CI(0.96,1.77),P = 0.091;AA vs. TT+TA:OR = 1.18,95%CI(0.99, 1.41),P = 0.073;AA vs. TT:OR = 1.51,95%CI(0.97,2.33),P = 0.065;TA vs. TT:OR = 0.73,95%CI(0.32,1.63),P = 0.437]。 结论 RUNX3(rs760805)基因多态性与胃癌发病风险之间具有相关性,且等位基因A可能是胃癌的潜在危险因素。
[关键词] 胃癌;Runt相关转录因子3;基因多态性;发病风险;系统评价;Meta分析
[中图分类号] R735.2 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2018)10(b)-0082-06
[Abstract] Objective To systematically evaluate the association between rs760805 polymorphism in Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) gene and risk of gastric cancer. Methods PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library (Issue 3, 2018), CMB, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang databases were searched, retrieval time form creating database to March 2018, the data of case-control studies on the correlation between polymorphisms of RUNX3 gene and risk of gastric cancer were retrieved, the language was limited to Chinese and English. Two evaluators independently screened literature, extracted data and evaluated the bias risk of included studies, and used Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) to evaluate research quality. All genotype models of RUNX3 (rs760805) were compared, including A and T, AA and TT, AA and TA+TT, TA and TT, AA+TA and TT, and their distribution in case group and control group was comprehensively analyzed. Q-test and I2 value were used to analyze the heterogeneity among the studies, egger′s regression was used to verify the evaluation of publication bias, and Stata 12.0 software was used for Meta-analysis. The correlation of RUNX3 (rs760805) gene polymorphism with the risk of gastric cancer was calculated by using the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Results A total of 5 case-control studies were included (gastric cancer cases: 1363, healthy controls: 1346). The results of Meta-analysis showed that (rs760805) polymorphism in RUNX3 gene was associated with risk of gastric cancer [A vs. T: OR = 1.27, 95%CI (1.01, 1.59), P = 0.039; AA+TA vs. TT: OR = 1.30, 95%CI (0.96, 1.77), P = 0.091; AA vs. TT+TA: OR = 1.18, 95%CI (0.99, 1.41), P = 0.073; AA vs. TT: OR = 1.51, 95%CI (0.97, 2.33), P = 0.065; TA vs. TT: OR = 0.73, 95%CI (0.32, 1.63), P = 0.437]. Conclusion There is a correlation between the genetic polymorphism of RUNX3 (rs760805) and the risk of gastric cancer, and allele A may be a potential risk factor for gastric cancer.
[Key words] Gastric cancer; Runt-related transcription factor 3; Gene polymorphism; Onset risk; Systematic evaluation; Meta-analysis
胃癌是全世界最常見癌症之一[1]。据统计,全球每年有989 000例新发病例,其发病率居癌症总体第四位,死亡率居第二位[2],严重威胁生命健康。我国胃癌发病和死亡人数分别占全球胃癌发病和死亡的40%以上[3],疾病负担十分严重。近年来,随着新型医疗模式的兴起,在分子学水平将个人基因、环境与生活习惯差异考虑在内,以胃癌患者基因组信息为基础的胃癌精准医疗越来越受到关注[4]。研究表明,携带Runt相关转录因子3(Runt-related transcription factor 3,RUNX3)基因单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)rs760805可能与胃癌易感性有关[5-6]。近年来,国内外学者对RUNX3基因多态性与胃癌发病风险之间的关系进行了大量研究,但各研究结果不尽一致。本研究采用Meta分析方法对已发表的关于RUNX3(rs760805)基因多态性与胃癌发病风险的病例对照研究进行二次分析,讨论二者间的相关性。
1 资料与方法
1.1 检索策略
通过检索相关数据库,如PubMed、EMbase、The Cochrane Library(2018年第3期)、CMB、CNKI、VIP、Wanfang data等,查找并筛选有关RUNX3基因多态性(rs760805)与胃癌间的病例对照研究,检索时间为建库至2018年3月。中文检索词:胃癌,胃部肿瘤、人类Runt相关转录因子3、基因多态性;英文检索词:stomach neoplasm、gastric neoplasm、gastric cancer、stomach cancer、signal nucleotide polymorphism、snps、runx3、runt-related transcription factor 3、rs760805。
1.2 纳入与排除标准
1.2.1 纳入标准 ①研究类型:基于人的关于RUNX3(rs760805)基因多态性与胃癌发病风险相关性的病例对照研究;②研究对象:病例组为经病理学证实的胃癌患者,对照组为非胃癌患者;③基因因素:RUNX3基因突变;④研究资料完整。
1.2.2 排除标准 ①重复发表或资料雷同的文献;②会议摘要、综述、个案报道等;③非中、英文文献。
1.3 文献筛选及资料提取
由两位研究者独立筛选文献并提取资料,包括纳入研究的人群基本信息、研究对象基线资料、偏倚风险评价要素等,若不能达成统一意见,则与第三名研究者讨论。
1.4 文献质量评价
通过采用Newcastle-Ottawa量表(NOS)对所纳入的研究进行偏倚风险评估[7],从以下三方面分别评价并计分:研究对象的选择(4分)、组间可比性(2分)、结果测量(3分)。满分为9分,0~3分为低质量研究,4~6分为中等质量研究,5~9分为高质量研究。
1.5 统计学方法
应用Stata 12.0软件进行Meta分析,采用以下五种基因模型分别计算OR值及其95%CI,评价RUNX3(rs760805)基因多态性与胃癌罹患风险之间的相关性:①等位基因模型A vs. T;②显性基因模型AA+TA vs. TT;③隐性基因模型AA vs. TT+TA;④纯合子模型AA vs. TT;⑤杂合子模型TA vs. TT。通过Q检验和I2值评价各研究间异质性的大小,当P < 0.10且I2 > 50%,表明各研究间异质性较高,可采用随机效应模型,反之则采用固定效应模型分析[8-9]。若存在明显异质性,通过敏感性分析依次排除单个研究寻找差异来源,排除异质性较大的研究,再次进行Meta分析合并效应值。采用哈迪温伯格(Hardy-Weinberg,HWE)平衡检验对纳入的对照组人群基因分布进行检验,检验水准为0.05。当P > 0.05时,则认为符合HWE遗传平衡[10]。采用Egger′s线性回归分析及Begg′s漏斗图检验其潜在发表偏倚,检验水准为0.05。当P < 0.05时可认为存在发表偏倚[11]。
2 结果
2.1 文献检索结果
文献检索结果及流程图如图1所示。初筛文献53篇:PubMed(n = 10)、EMbase(n = 21)、The Cochrane Library(n = 0)、CNKI(n = 10)、Wanfang data(n = 11)、VIP data(n = 1),采用EndNote软件剔除重复文献29篇,阅读摘要后排除19篇,最终共有5篇文献[5-6,12-14]纳入。所纳入文献的基线资料及偏倚风险评估,见表1。
2.2 Meta分析结果
2.2.1 总体分析 对各个模型进行异质性分析显示:隐性基因模型异质性较小,故采用固定效应模型分析;其余模型均存在较大异质性,因而采用随机效应模型分析。Runx3基因rs760805多态性与胃癌在纯合模型[AA vs. TT:OR = 1.51,95%CI(0.97,2.33),P = 0.065](图2a)、显性模型[AA+TA vs. TT:OR = 1.30,95%CI(0.96,1.77),P = 0.091](图2b)、隐性模型[AA vs. TT+TA:OR = 1.18,95%CI(0.99,1.41),P = 0.073](图2c)、杂合模型[TA vs. TT:OR = 0.73,95%CI(0.32,1.63),P = 0.437](图2d)不存在相关性。在等位基因模型[A vs. T:OR = 1.27,95%CI(1.01,1.59),P = 0.039](图2e)中,该多态性与胃癌存在关联。
2.2.2 敏感性分析 采用 Stata 12.0软件,对异质性较大的遗传模型进行敏感性分析(A vs. T,图3),在纯合模型、显性模型及等位基因模型中剔除1篇[14],在杂合模型中剔除2篇[12,14],异质性消除,采用固定效应模型。在等位基因模型[A vs. T:OR = 1.39,95%CI(1.20, 1.61),P = 0.000](图4a)、杂合模型[TA vs. TT:OR = 1.64,95%CI(1.22,2.20),P = 0.001](图4b)、显性模型[AA+TA vs. TT:OR = 1.52,95%CI(1.18,1.97),P = 0.001](图4c)、纯合模型[AA vs. TT:OR = 1.87,95%CI(1.36,2.57),P = 0.000](图4d)均提示该多态性与胃癌存在关联。
2.2.3 发表偏倚分析 发表性偏倚采用Egger′s回归法及Begg′s漏斗图分析。结果显示:本研究所纳入文献在所有基因模型中均无发表偏倚(P > 0.05),结果真实可信(图5、表2)。
3 讨论
SNP在人类基因组中广泛存在,是指由单个核苷酸的变异所引起的在基因水平上DNA序列的多態性,是人类基因组DNA序列可遗传变异的主要形式,既可在基因序列内,也可存在于基因序列以外的非编码序列上,可能参与种族多样性、疾病易感性、药物反应差异等多种调节[15]。人类RUNX3基因,位于人类染色体1p36.1,全长约67 kb,是重要抑癌基因之一[16]。它是转化生长因子(TGF)信号通路中重要一员,参与TGF-β通路、Wnt通路等多种信号通路的传递,调节细胞的生长发育和凋亡,是常见的抑癌基因[17]。
研究表明,RUNX3基因多态性可能与胃癌罹患风险有关[12,18-19],但各研究结果不尽相同。Meta分析是对同质研究问题的多个独立结果进行的综合性分析[20],可通过增大样本量来增加结论的信度。本研究全面检索相关数据库,筛选近年来发表的关于RUNX3(rs760805)基因多态性与胃癌发病风险之间的病例对照研究,并对提取的相关数据进行二次分析,系统评价了二者之间的关系。
本次Meta分析最终共纳入5篇相关文献,对纳入研究按NOS量表评分均≥5分,且均符合HWE平衡定律。Meta分析发现在所有遗传模型下,RUNX3(rs760805)基因多态性与胃癌易感性间均有相关性,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),这与Xiang等[21]的研究结果相一致。进一步分析发现,A位点可能是胃癌的潜在危险因素。
但是,本研究也存在一定的局限性:①纳入研究数量少,缺乏灰色文献,可能会漏掉部分阴性结果而导致发表偏倚;②原始文献仅涉及亚洲人群,缺乏其他多民族样本,代表性不强;③胃癌是一种多因素疾病,由于原始数据不足,未排除饮酒、饮食、Hp感染等其他影响因素。但系统评价较单个研究有更高的检验效能,且本研究Egger′s回归分析及Begg′s漏斗图提示无明显发表偏倚,故本文Meta分析结果具有较强可靠性。
综上所述,RUNX3(rs760805)基因多态性与胃癌易感性之间具有相关性,且等位基因A可能是胃癌的潜在危险因素。但受本研究局限性的限制,上述结论尚待开展更多大样本、多民族、高质量的病例对照研究或队列研究来加以验证,从而获得更高级别的证据。
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(收稿日期:2018-04-08 本文编辑:张瑜杰)