现在完成时考点例析

李建高

一、考查其构成：“助动词have （has） + 动词过去分词”构成现在完成时。如：

1. Kates never seen Chinese films，______？

A. hasnt she        B. has she                     C. isnt she           D. is she

析：反意疑问句中陈述句部分含否定词never，简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因Kates是Kate has的缩写，故选B。

2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. （改为否定句）

His uncle______ posted the photos to him______.

析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑问句中，故填hasnt; yet。

3. —Anna has gone to Shanghai.

—So______ her parents.

A. has               B. had                      C. did              D. have

析：“so + 助动词 / 系动词 / 情态动词 + 主语”结构中的谓语形式应与前句结构中谓语形式保持一致，又后句的主语her parents是复数，故选D。

二、考查其用法与标志词。

1. 当句中有never、ever、just、already、yet、before等时，常用现在完成时。如：

（1）—Mom， may I go out and play basketball？

—______you______ your homework yet？

A. Do; finish      B. Are; finishing           C. Did; finish             D. Have; finished

（2）—______you______ anywhere before？

—Yes， but I cant remember where I______.

A. Did; surf; surfed                           B. Have; surfed; surfed

C. Did; surf; have surfed                    D. Have; surfed; have surfed

析：據yet和before可知，应用现在完成时，故（1）题选D，（2）题选D。

2. 当句中有“for + 时间段”或“since + 时间点”时，主句常用现在完成时，而谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，一定要改为延续性动词或表状态的词（短语）。如：

（1）His brother has been to Stone Forest twice______ he came to Yunnan.

A. after                    B. before            C. since                    D. for

析：主句用的是现在完成时，而从句用的是一般过去时，这里要用since引導的从句，故选C。

（2）Tom______ the CD player for two weeks.

A. has lent                B. has borrowed          C. has bought             D. has had

析：A、B、C均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表“时间段”的短语连用，故选D。

（3）I______ a letter from him since he left.

A. didnt receive  B. havent got           C. didnt have           D. havent heard

析：据since可知，应排除A、C，hear from sb. = receive / get / have a letter from sb. 意为“收到某人的来信”，故选B。

三、考查have / has been （to， in） / have / has gone （to）的区别。如：

1. —Have you ever______ Xian to see the Terra Cotta Warriors？

—Yes， I have.

A. went to                  B. gone to                C. been in                  D. been to

析：依据句中的have，排除A，B项意为“去某地了”，C项意为“一直待在某地”，D项意为“去过某地”，符合题意，故选D。

2. My parents______ Qingdao for ten years.

A. have been in          B. have been to         C. have gone to          D. have been

析：本题句中有“for + 段时间”结构，据此可排除C，B项意为“去过某地”，不合题意，D项缺介词，故选A。

四、考查现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。如：

1. Suns aunt has gone there for ten years. （单句改错）

________________________________________

析：非延续性动词与“时间段”连用时，除了把非延续性动词改成延续性动词外，还可把动词改为一般过去时或借助句型“Its + 时间段 + since + 从句”进行句子转换。故此题答案为：Suns aunt has been there for ten years. / Suns aunt went there ten years ago. / Its ten years since Suns aunt went there.

2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years. （改为同义句）

______more than ten years______ Susan______ to this city.

析：据上题分析，且since引导的从句要用一般过去时，故填Its; since; came。

【链接】英语的行为动词有延续性动词和非延续性动词之分

1. 延续性动词：表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。

常见的有study、play、do、read、learn、drive、write、clean、sleep、speak、talk、wait、fly、stay、sit、stand、lie、keep等。

2. 非延续性动词：表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂，亦称短暂性动词、瞬间动词或终止性动词。

常见的有begin、start、finish、go、come、leave、find、get up、arrive、reach、get to、enter、hear、stop、open、close、become、buy、borrow、lend、happen、join、lose、renew、die、take away、put up、set out、put on、get on / off等。

非延续性动词在完成时中如果要与表示持续一段时间的状语連用，通常有两种方法：

（1）用意思相当的延续性动词来替换。如：

He has been in the army for three years. 他参军已有3年了。（不用has joined）

She has been up for quite some time. 她起床已有好久了。（不用has got up）

Has your brother been away from home for a long time？

你的哥哥离家已有好久了吗？（不用has left）

常用非延续性动词相对应延续性动词关系：

go—be away                              come—be here

come back—be back                         leave—be away （be not here）

buy—have                                       borrow—keep

die—be dead                                   begin—be on

finish—be over                                 open—be open

close—be closed                               lose—be lost

get to know—know                           turn on—be on

get up—be up                                  sit down—be seated

join—be in （...）或be a ... member       become—be

（2）用it is ... since ... 结构来替换非延续性动词。如：

电影已经开映5分钟了。（两种方法）

①The film has been on for five minutes.

②Its five minutes since the film began.

他离开上海已有3天了。（两种方法）

①He has been away from Shanghai for three days.

②It is three days since he left Shanghai.