掌握高频易混词，助攻高考改错题

广东 余爱香

通过研做高考英语短文改错题，笔者发现易混词的辨析是高考英语短文改错题的一个高频考点，故笔者对高中阶段的高频易混词进行了分类整理，并给出相应的解题方向及训练方式，以期对广大教师指导考生熟练掌握高频易混词起到抛砖引玉的作用。

一、分类整理，知重点

高频易混词主要分为五大类：1.形近异义词；2.形近近义词；3.反义词；4.形异近义词；5.用法上极易混淆的词。

表1 形近异义词

表2 形近近义词

表3 反义词

表4 形异近义词

续表

表5 用法上极易混淆的词

二、全面思考，有方向

经过以上分类整理并进行了全面思考后笔者发现，在解题时，要识别这些错误，考生可以从以下几点去区分：

1.从词性上

例如good 与well，across 与cross 等。

2.从用法上

例如much 与more，a lot 与a lot of，as well 与as well as 等的用法。

3.从逻辑上

逻辑错误大部分可从反义词的角度去考虑，例如here与there，now 与then，ever 与never 等。

4.从搭配上

例如neither...nor,be used to doing,used to do 等固定搭配。

三、花式训练，固基础

1.注重研习高考题，逐步积累易混词

教师要带领学生研习高考英语短文改错题，逐步积累高频易混词。高考英语短文改错题中的很多考点会重复考查，例如2019 年全国卷Ⅱ短文改错考查的there be 句型曾在2014 年全国卷Ⅱ短文改错中考查过，many 与much 的形异近义词辨析近六年重复考查了4 次。

2.充分挖掘教材，进行针对性训练

在教学中，教师应充分挖掘教材，可将教材中的语言素材编写成单句改错题或者短文改错题对学生进行高频易混词的训练。

（1）高频易混词与单句改错

教师可以从教材中选取一些含有高频易混词的句子，改编为单句改错练习，增加高频易混词的复现。例如以下练习均由人教版必修二 Unit 1、Unit 2 阅读文章中的句子改编。

①This gift was the Amber Room,which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to making it.

②The greatest gift would have so an amazing history.

③A week late I decided to go and see for myself.

④I used to writing about the Olympic Games a long time ago.

⑤Pausanias was a Greek writer about 2,000 years before.

⑥The Winter and the Summer Olympics are all held every four years.

⑦There’s as much competition between countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.

⑧She was so very angry that she said to her father that she would not marry someone who could not run faster than her.

⑨So many of them sadly went home,but other stayed to run the race.

答案：①making 改为make；②so 改为such；③late改 为later；④writing 改 为write；⑤before 改 为ago；⑥all 改为both；⑦between 改为among；⑧删除very；someone 改为anyone；⑨other 改为others。

（2）高频易混词与短文改错

为了模拟高考，并达到专题训练的目的，教师可以把教材中的阅读文章改编成小短文进行改错训练，例如下面改编自人教版必修三Unit 2 的高频易混词短文改错题（共有10 处错误）。

Wang Peng was such surprised to find that the customers especially the girls liked Yong Hui’s food too much.To find out the reasons,Wang Peng went to the library and learned a lot^knowledge about balanced diet.He found that his restaurant served far too many fat and Yong Hui’s far too few.Though her customers might get very thin after eating Yong Hui’s food,they could neither get enough energy or keep themsleves healthy.They would become tired much quickly.Wang Peng felt much hopeful as he drove back home.Perhaps with a discount and a new sign he could win both his customers back,who used to eating in his restaurant.

答案：1.such 改为so；2.too 改为so 或very；3.lot 后加of；4.many 改 为much；5.few 改 为little；6.or 改 为nor；7.much 改为very 或删除much；8.much 改为more/very 或删除much；9.both 改为all；10.eating 改为eat。

综上所述，教师应该做到：研做高考英语短文改错题，分类整理高频易混词，以便有针对性地指导学生备考；指导学生从词性、词义、用法三方面考虑高频易混词的运用是否恰当；带领学生研习高考真题，逐步积累易混词；充分挖掘教材，进行有针对性的训练。