成晓玲 马洁 陈振萍 史强 田超 吴润晖 王晓玲
[摘要] 目的 分析再生障礙性贫血(AA)患儿免疫治疗中环孢素A(CsA)的血药浓度影响因素,为其治疗药物监测和个体化用药提供参考。 方法 收集2014年1月~2017年12月至首都医科大学附属儿童医院就诊并进行CsA免疫治疗的104例非重型AA患儿的临床资料,包括性别、年龄、体重、临床诊断、CsA浓度、用法用量、合并用药、不良反应等,并对监测结果进行统计分析。 结果 104例患儿中首次治疗药物监测结果在治疗窗内的仅占18%(19例),不在治疗窗内的患儿药物剂量调整次数为1、2、3、4次以及≥5次者分别占总人数的21%(22例)、20%(21例)、13%(14例)、9%(8例)、19%(20例)。治疗药物监测中位次数为3次(1~13次),合并应用黄连素9例,伏立康唑1例,均于合并用药后血药浓度达到治疗窗范围。统计104例患儿中发生的不良反应,有9.6%(10例)仅出现了多毛,4.8%(5例)仅出现了齿龈增生,11.6%(12例)出现多毛及齿龈增生,1.9%(2例)出现血压增高,1.9%(2例)出现肝酶异常。 结论 CsA的药动学参数个体差异大,CsA血药浓度受多种因素影响,尤其是儿童,及时监测AA患儿的CsA血药浓度,可以指导其个体化合理用药。同时优化和寻找提高CsA血药浓度的方法势在必行。
[关键词] 环孢素A;治疗药物监测;再生障碍性贫血;儿童
[中图分类号] R725 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2018)10(b)-0108-04
[Abstract] Objective To analyze the factors influencing the blood concentration of cyclosporine A (CsA) in treatment of children with aplastic anemia (AA), and provide reference for the therapeutic drug monitoring of CsA and individualized medication. Methods Clinical data of 104 children with non-severe AA treated in Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2014 to December 2017 were enrolled in this study, including gender, age, weight, clinical diagnosis, CsA blood concentration, usage and dosage, combined medication, and adverse drug reaction, et al. The results were analyzed statically. Results Among the first time of therapeutic drug monitoring children, only 18% (19 cases) were within the therapeutic window. Constituent ratios of children with dose titration once, twice, three times, four times, equal or more than five times were 21% (22 cases), 20% (21 cases), 13% (14 cases), 9% (8 cases), 19% (20 cases) respectively. The median times of therapeutic drug monitoring was 3 times (1-13 times). There were 9 cases treated combined with Berberine and 1 case was treated with Voriconazole, and the blood concentration reached the therapeutic window after the combination of drugs of 104 cases. Children with adverse reattioms were coun ted among the 104 cases, and there were 9.6% (10 cases) simply appearing hairy adverse reaction, 4.8% (5 cases) simply appearing gingiva hyperplasia, 11.6% (12 cases) appearing the two, 1.9% (2 cases) with blood pressure increasing, 1.9% (2 cases) with abnormal liver enzymes. Conclusion The pharmacokinetic parameters of CsA vary greatly among individuals, and the concentration of CsA blood drug is affected by many factors. Especially for children, timely monitoring the concentration of CsA blood drug of children with AA can guide their individualized medication rationally. It is imperative to find ways to optimize and improve the concentration of CsA.