胡法国,杨麦广
(1.河南省郑州市心血管病医院/郑州市第七人民医院心血管内科,河南 郑州 450000;2.河南省内黄县人民医院心血管内科,河南 安阳 456300)
坎地沙坦酯联合氢氯噻嗪治疗老年退行性心瓣膜病心力衰竭的临床疗效及对预后的影响
胡法国1,杨麦广2
(1.河南省郑州市心血管病医院/郑州市第七人民医院心血管内科,河南 郑州 450000;2.河南省内黄县人民医院心血管内科,河南 安阳 456300)
目的:探讨坎地沙坦酯联合氢氯噻嗪治疗老年退行性心瓣膜病心力衰竭的临床疗效及对预后的影响。方法:选择2014年2月-2017年3月在我院接受治疗的老年退行性心瓣膜病患者146例为研究对象。依照入院顺序分为观察组和对照组,各73例。对照组在常规基础上加用氢氯噻嗪(25 mg,qd)治疗,观察组在对照组基础上再辅以坎地沙坦酯(4 mg,qd)治疗。比较两组治疗前后血浆脑利钠肽(BNP)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)以及左心室舒张末内径(LVEDD)的变化,临床疗效与不良反应发生情况,并随访统计出院后两组症状复发率和存活率。结果:治疗后,观察组的总有效率为98.63%,对照组总有效率为75.34%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组BNP、LVEDD明显低于对照组,LVEF水平高于对照组,两组比较均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率为19.18%,明显低于对照组的46.58%(P<0.05)。经半年的随访统计,观察组复发率为1.37%,显著低于对照组的9.58%(P<0.05);观察组半年存活率为97.26%(71/73),显著高于对照组的89.04%(65/73)(P<0.05)。结论:坎地沙坦酯联合氢氯噻嗪治疗老年退行性心瓣膜病心力衰竭的临床疗效显著,不良反应少,安全性高,并能改善预后,具有显著的临床价值。
坎地沙坦酯;氢氯噻嗪;老年退行性心瓣膜病;心力衰竭;疗效;预后
老年性心瓣膜病又称老年退行性心脏瓣膜病,是指正常状态的心脏瓣膜或者在瓣膜轻度异常的基础上,随着年龄增长,心脏瓣膜的结缔组织发生退行性改变及纤维化,以致瓣膜增厚、钙化、失去柔韧性及发生变形,导致瓣膜狭窄和/或关闭不全[1-2],最终发生心力衰竭,严重威胁到患者的生命安全。本文通过探讨坎地沙坦酯联合氢氯噻嗪治疗老年退行性心瓣膜病心力衰竭的疗效及对预后的影响,报道如下。
选择2014年2月-2017年3月我院收治的老年退行性心瓣膜病心力衰竭患者146例为研究对象。依照入院顺序分为观察组和对照组,各73例。观察组男47例,女26例;年龄61~79岁,平均年龄(71.2±6.4)岁。对照组男47例,女26例。年龄60~78岁,平均年龄(71.6±6.2)岁。两组患者年龄、性别等基本资料比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),具有可比性。
纳入标准:术后病理证实为老年退行性心瓣膜病;患者年龄≥60岁;存在典型的瓣膜钙化和/或瓣环钙化;瓣膜存在狭窄或者关闭不全。排除标准:乳头肌功能不全者;由于结缔组织疾病等因素所导致的瓣膜病变者;心源性休克者;重要脏器受损者。
全部患者均给予强心、扩血管等临床常规治疗。对照组加用氢氯噻嗪(常州制药厂责任公司,国药准字:H32021683)25 mg,口服,qd。观察组在对照组的基础上联用坎地沙坦酯(重庆圣华曦药业有限公司,国药准字:H20030771)4 mg,口服,qd。10 d为1个疗程。
观察两组的临床疗效,治疗前后两组患者的血浆脑利钠肽(BNP)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)及左心室舒张末内径(LVEDD)改善情况,临床疗效及不良反应发生情况。并随访半年,记录两组患者院外症状的复发率及存活率。
心功能依据美国纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)心功能分级标准,显效:心功能改善程度>2级;有效:心功能改善1~2级;无效:心功能没有得到改善,或加重,甚至死亡。
采用SPSS 21.0统计学软件分析数据,计数资料以百分数(%)表示,采用χ2检验,计量资料以“±s”表示,采用t检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
治疗后,观察组的总有效率为98.63%,对照组总有效率为75.34%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表1。
表1 两组疗效比较
治疗前,两组BNP、LVEF及LVEDD比较,均无统计学差异(P>0.05),治疗后观察组的BNP、LVEDD明显低于对照组,LVEF水平高于对照组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表2。
两组均出现低血压、咳嗽以及心动过缓等不良反应,但观察组不良反应发生率为19.18%(14/73),明显少于对照组的46.58%(34/73)(P<0.05)。见表3。
经半年的随访统计,观察组症状复发率为1.37%,显著低于对照组的9.58%(P<0.05);观察组半年存活率达到97.26%(71/73),显著高于对照组的89.04%(65/73)(P<0.05)。见表4。
表2 两组治疗前后BNP、LVEF及LVEDD水平比较
表3 两组不良反应发生情况比较
表4 两组症状复发率及存活率比较
老年性退行性心瓣膜病为一种老年性疾病,通常见于60岁以上的人群,其病因是随着机体的衰老,心脏瓣膜发生退行性变以及钙盐的沉积[3]。病变部位主要涉及主动脉瓣瓣叶、二尖瓣瓣叶及瓣环等,部分患者的左心室乳头肌及腱索也发生钙化,致使瓣叶及瓣环等组织结构失去正常的生理功能,最终引发心力衰竭[4-6]。若此病并发心力衰竭时,则可引发肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)的过度激活和心室的重塑,致心脏功能不断恶化[7-8]。血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂可拮抗RAAS及改善心室重塑,为治疗老年性退行性心瓣膜病合并心力衰竭的一类重要药物[9]。
坎地沙坦酯为第三代血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗药,其作用机制一方面阻滞RAAS系统与其他旁路途径产生的血管紧张素Ⅱ与AT1受体的相互结合,阻滞心力衰竭进展;另一方面增强血管紧张素Ⅱ与AT2受体的结合,刺激前列环素及一氧化氮的分泌,进而发挥扩张血管的疗效[10-13]。氢氯噻嗪为噻嗪类利尿药,能够增加水和钠的排泄,可减轻心脏的前负荷,口服2 h后开始发挥作用,达峰时间为4 h,疗效可持续6~12 h,半衰期较长,为治疗老年性退行性心瓣膜病并发心力衰竭的有效药物[14-15]。日本ARCH-J试验[16]结果显示,坎地沙坦酯可降低心力衰竭继续发展的累积发生率。刘琼等[17]研究证明,采用坎地沙坦酯治疗可降低心血管病病死率及心衰入院治疗率。CHARM试验[18]建议,所有慢性心力衰竭患者,无须考虑LVEF、性别、年龄等因素,均可给予坎地沙坦酯治疗。
本研究发现,治疗后观察组的总有效率显著高于对照组,两组比较有统计学差异(P<0.05);治疗后观察组的BNP、LVEDD水平明显低于对照组,LVEF水平高于对照组,两组比较均有统计学差异(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。经半年的随访统计,观察组复发率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组半年存活率为97.26%,显著高于对照组的89.04%(P<0.05)。证实了坎地沙坦酯联合氢氯噻嗪治疗老年退行性心瓣膜病心力衰竭安全有效。
综上所述,坎地沙坦酯联合氢氯噻嗪治疗老年退行性心瓣膜病心力衰竭患者的临床疗效显著,不良反应少,安全性高,并能改善预后,具有显著的临床价值。
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Clinical Eef fi cacy of Candesartan Cilexetil Combined with Hydrochlorothiazide in the Treatment of Elderly Patients with Heart Failure Due to Degenerative Heart valvular Disease and Its Impact on Prognosis
Hu Fa-guo1, Yang Mai-guang2
(1. Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou Cardiovascular Hospital / Zhengzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Henan Zhengzhou 450000, China; 2. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Neihuang County People’s Hospital of Henan Province, Henan Anyang 456300,China)
Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of candesartan cilexetil combined with hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of elderly patients with heart failure due to degenerative heart valvular disease and its impact on prognosis. Methods:146 cases of elderly patients with heart failure due to degenerative valvular heart disease were selected from February 2014 to March 2017 in our hospital. The patients were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group according to the order of hospitalization, 73 cases in each group. The control group was treated with hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg, qd), while the observation group was treated with candesartan cilexetil(4 mg, qd) combined with hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg, qd). The levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. The clinical ef fi cacy and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared,and the recurrence rate and survival rate of the two groups after hospital discharge were followed up.Results:After treatment, total effective rate of observation group was 98.63% which was signi fi cantly higher than 75.34% of the control group, the difference between the two groups was statistically signi fi cant (P<0.05). The BNP and LVEDD of the observation group were signi fi cantly lower than those of the control group, and the level of LVEF of the observation was higher than that of the control group, the difference between the two groups was statistically signi fi cant (P<0.05);the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 19.18% which was signi fi cantly lower than 46.58% ofthe control group (P<0.05). After six months of follow-up, the recurrence rate of the observation group was 1.37%which was signi fi cantly lower than 9.58% of the control group (P<0.05); the survival rate of the observation group was 97.26% (71/73) which was signi fi cantly higher than 89.04% (65/73) of the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion:Candesartan cilexetil combined with hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of elderly patients with heart failure due to degenerative heart valvular disease has signi fi cant clinical ef fi cacy, less adverse reactions, high safety, and can improve the prognosis, and has signi fi cant clinical value.
2017 - 05 - 08
胡法国,男,副主任医师。研究方向:心血管内科。通讯作者E-mail:15896816969@139.com
Candesartan Cilexetil; Hydrochlorothiazide; Senile Degenerative Heart Valvular Disease; Heart Failure; Curative Effect; Prognosis
R542.5;R541.6
A
10.3969/j.issn.2096-3327.2017.11.002
鲁守琴