吴纳勤
摘要:认真学习语法知识,加强语言运用,夯实语言基础,形成扎实的语法基本功。引导学生理解语法填空题的命题特点,要求熟练掌握语法填空题常见的考点和具体的做题方法。形成正确的做题思维和强大的语感能力,只有进行反复训练,不断激发学习兴趣,增强信心,巩固所学,及时反馈,认真推敲体会,才能有效地提高解题综合能力。
关键词:语法填空;解题能力;有提示词;无提示词
中图分类号:G632.0 文献标識码:A 文章编号:1992-7711(2017)03-0041
众所周知,学生在做语法填空题时,会出现各种各样的问题,难以得高分。做好这类题型,需要具备扎实的语法基本功,需要掌握语法填空题的命题特点和熟练运用解题方法,需要经过强化训练,才能有效地提高语法填空题的解题能力。
首先,要求学生认真学习语法知识,加强语言运用,夯实语言基础,形成扎实的语法基本功。
其次,引导学生理解语法填空题的命题特点。语法填空题要求阅读一篇200字左右的短文,根据句子语法结构和上下文的逻辑关系完成10小题,每小题1.5分。一般说来,根据句子语法结构确定词性变化,根据上下文的逻辑关系确定词类选用。题型设计分分为两类:1. 写出括号中提示词的正确形式(一般不超过三个词)。2. 在空格处填入一个适当的词。理解了语法填空题的命题特点,平时学习目标更加明确,学习语法更加认真,更加关注重要的单词、短语和句型,记住常见的前缀、后缀变化。
最后,要求学生熟练掌握语法填空题常见的考点和具体的做题方法。通过选自高考题和平时练习中经常出现的例句,归纳总结出常见的考点和具体的做题方法,让学生逐步学会如何做好语法填空,明确解题步骤和方法,进一步强化解题能力。浏览全文,抓住大意,先处理较容易的,后做难度大的,最后核查校对,确保语法正确,语意贯通,符合逻辑。通过学生的自主学习和训练,认真体会和掌握做题的方法,提高解题能力。
下面,我们共同探讨语法填空题中常见的考点和具体的做题方法:
一、有提示词
1. 动词
(1)谓语动词,判断时态和语态
【2015全国卷2】...they warm up again for the night. This cycle (go) day after day.
答案:goes 考查时态 根据上下文,用一般现在时。
(2)非谓语动词,判断过去分词,现在分词,不定式。
【2016全国卷3】People probably cooked their food in large pots,
(use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.
答案: using 考查非谓语动词,people和use是主动关系,用现在分词using。
2. 名词
【2016全国卷1】The nursery team switches him every few
(day) with his sister
答案:days 考查名词,few后面接可数名词复数。
3. 形容词
【2016全国卷2】If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of 1 (great)and less importance.
答案:greater 考查形容词,根据and less可知用比较级。
4. 副词
【2016全国卷3】Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs(树枝) which (gradual)turned into chopsticks.
答案:gradually 考查副词,副词修饰动词短语turned into。
5. 词性转化
【2015全国卷2】In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings(土坯房)admirable is their (able) to “air condition” a house
答案:ability 考查词性转化,形容词able转变为名词ability。
二、无提示词
1. 冠词
【2014全国卷1】Now, years later, this river is one of ___ most outstanding examples of environmental clean-up.
答案: the 考查冠词,定冠词the用于形容词的最高级前。
2.代词
【2016全国卷1】I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been selected by mother. The nursery team switches him...
答案:his考查代词,根据下文him指代小公熊猫,用形容词性物主代词his。
3. 连词
【2014全国卷1】But the river wasnt changed in a few days
even a few months.
答案:or 考查连词,or表示选择关系。
4. 介词
【2016全国卷3】Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat their hands.
答案:with 考查介词,with+表示具体工具的名词。
真题演练
【2016全国卷1】Chengdu has dozens of new (上接第41页)millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 1 (attract).
So it was a great honor to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where pocket money helps pay for research. I 2 (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre center. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 3 (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 4 my days on the TV show in the mid—1980s, 5 I was the first Western TV reporter 6 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 7 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research center in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been selected by 8 mother. The nursery team switches him every few 9 (day) with his sister so that the one is being bottle-fed, 10 other is with mum - she never suspects.
答案:1. attraction 2. was allowed 3. officially 4. to 5. when 6. permitted 7. introducing 8. his 9. days 10. the
總之,在平时教学过程中,我们一定要积极地引导学生,只有不断夯实语言基础,加强语言运用,具备扎实的语法基本功;只有洞察命题特点,熟练掌握常见的考点和具体的做题方法,形成正确的做题思维和强大的语感能力;只有进行反复训练,不断激发学习兴趣、增强信心、巩固所学、及时反馈、认真推敲体会,才能有效地提高解题综合能力。
(作者单位:安徽省庐江裴岗中学 231500)