高考考生如何克服阅读中生词障碍

2016-05-14 02:09刘新民
新一代 2016年6期
关键词:克服

刘新民

摘 要:《考试大纲》要求考生能“根据上下文推测生词的词义”,因此词义猜测题也是考试题型之一。正确处理阅读中遇到的生词,掌握一定的猜测生词词义的技巧,对于理解文章及答题都非常重要。对于生词一般有两种处理方式。

关键词:高考考生;克服;生词障碍

一、利用上下文线索猜测词义

(一)举例

作者常常会通过对某一难词给出具体的例子来帮助读者理解该词的词义。[示例]Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades.Other forms of parental involvement, including volunteering at school and observing a childs class,also fail to help,according to the most recent study on the topic.

The underlined expression“parental involvement”in Paragraph 1 probably means .

A.parentsexpectation on childrens health

B.parentsparticipation in childrens education

分析:根据下文的举例“including volunteering at school and observing a childs class”可推知,画线部分的意思应是“父母参与到孩子的教育中”。故正确答案为B项。

(二)同义词或近义词

[示例]This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago.Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements,and the second stories into main floors,or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level.Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily.

The underlined word “hoist” in Paragraph 4 means“ ”.

A.change B.lift

分析:根据下文“Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily.”中的lifted可知hoist与lift同义,故正确答案为B项。

(三)反义词

[示例] If youre tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored,you can attend an upbeat group fitness class thatll keep your workout on track.

The underlined word “upbeat” in the second paragraph probably means“ ”.

A.cheerful B.average

分析:根据语境,upbeat应与上文中的“tired of”意义相反,故正确答案为A项。

二、根据语法知识猜测词义

[示例]Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom.Before that there was no freedom.There were great civilizations,splendid empires,but no freedom anywhere.Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.

What does the underlined word “tyrannies” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A.Countries where their people need help.

B.Governments ruled with absolute power.

分析:根据后面的独立主格结构“one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses”不难得知选项B与其意义一致。

三、根据上下文逻辑猜测词义

[示例]In the evening, rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace,with golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink.Sedate though they are,rides at this time of day are still very impressive.As the suns rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses, the romance of Africa comes to life

50.What does the underlined word “sedate” probably mean?

A.Wild and romantic. B.Slow and peaceful.

分析:由上文中的“relaxed and unhurried”可推知正确答案为B项。

四、根据构词法猜测词义

例如dis-为否定前缀,-ed为形容词后缀,continue为词根。因此可根据构词法来猜测词义,就不举例说明了。

总之,上文提到的技法要在实践中反复运用和积累,才能在克服阅读生词障碍,提高阅读效率。

参考文献:

[1]戴军熔.新课标下的高中英语报刊阅读[J].中小学外语教学(中学篇),2007(11)1-2.

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