柳辰昊,谭志军(天津医科大学一中心临床学院,天津300070;天津市第一中心医院)
结肠癌组织及细胞中miR-92a的表达变化及其意义
柳辰昊1,谭志军2
(1天津医科大学一中心临床学院,天津300070;2天津市第一中心医院)
摘要:目的观察结肠癌组织及结肠癌细胞中miR-92a表达变化,并探讨其临床意义。方法①选择Ⅱ期合并高危因素及Ⅲ期结肠癌患者75例为研究对象,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法和2(-ΔΔCt)法测算结肠癌组织miR-92a的相对表达量,分析miR-92a相对表达量与患者临床病理参数的关系。②取常规培养的结肠癌细胞株HT-29接种于96孔板,设实验组、阴性对照组、脂质体组和对照组,各3个复孔。实验组转染miR-92a抑制剂,阴性对照组转染对照寡核苷酸,脂质体组转染脂质体,对照组不作任何处理,转染后检测miR-92a表达以验证转染效果,转染次日细胞贴壁生长后加50 μg/mL奥沙利铂作用24 h,分别在24、48、72 h加入10 μL CCK-8溶液,37℃孵育2 h,在酶标仪上读取各组波长为450nm处的吸光度(A)值。转染48 h后加50 μg/mL奥沙利铂作用24 h,采用TUNEL法测算各组细胞凋亡率。结果结肠癌组织中miR-92a相对表达量显著高于癌旁正常组织。结肠癌组织中miR-92a的表达水平与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、浸润深度、有无淋巴结转移、脉管癌栓和病理分化程度无关(P均>0.05),与术后局部复发及发生远处转移有关(P<0.05)。HT-29细胞转染后24、48、72 h实验组A值均低于其余三组(P均<0.05),细胞凋亡率高于其余三组(P均<0.05)。结论结肠癌组织中miR-92a表达水平升高。结肠癌患者术后局部复发及远处转移与结肠癌组织中miR-92a相对表达量有关。抑制结肠癌细胞中miR-92a表达可增加结肠癌细胞化疗敏感性。
关键词:结肠癌; miR-92a蛋白;奥沙利铂;细胞凋亡
进展期结肠癌的治疗应以根治性手术为基础,但单纯根治术后局部复发转移率很高,所以应在手术的基础上予以辅助化疗,对于化疗疗效的预测就应甄别出具有高危局部复发及远处转移患者。microRNA是近年来发现的含有22~28个核苷酸的小分子非编码单链RNA,参与肿瘤的发生、发展和侵袭过程。有体外实验显示拮抗miR-92a可以引起结肠癌细胞凋亡。2014年3月~2014年12月,我们通过荧光定量PCR技术检测结肠癌根治术后患者肿瘤组织中miR-92a的表达,探讨其与临床病理特征的关系,并观察转染miR-92a抑制剂对奥沙利铂处理的结肠癌细胞株HT-29细胞增殖及凋亡的影响。现报告如下。
1.1临床资料收集天津市第一中心医院2010~2012年行结肠癌根治术切除的癌组织及癌旁正常组织标本75例,均经病理证实。75例患者中男52例,女23例,年龄45~78岁,平均62.3岁。肿瘤分化程度:低分化15例,中分化52例,高分化8例。根据美国癌症联合委员会(AJCC)以及国际抗癌协会(UICC)结肠癌分期系统进行临床分期,T3期15例,T4期60例,无淋巴结转移57例,有淋巴结转移18例,均无肝肺等远处转移。
1.2材料及引物结肠癌细胞株HT-29由天津危重症实验室提供,胎牛血清、培养液购自美国Gibco公司,miRNA小量提取试剂盒(MiRNeasy Mini Kit)购于德国Qiagen公司,逆转录试剂盒(和实时逆转录聚合酶链反应试剂盒(SYBR Premix Ex TaqⅡkit)购于日本TaKaRa公司,转染试剂Lipofectamine 2000购自美国Invitrogen公司TUNEL试剂盒为Roche公司产品,CCK-8试剂盒购自武汉博士德公司。基因引物由上海Invitrogen公司合成,引物序列: U6上游引物序列: 5'-CTCGCTTCGGCAGCACA-3',下游引物序列5'-AACGCTTCACGAATTTGCGT-3'; miR-92a上游引物序列5'-ACAGGCCGGGACAAGTGCAATA-3',下游引物序列5'-GCTGTCAACGATACGCTACGTAACG-3'。
1.3结肠癌组织miR-92a相对表达量检测采用RT-PCR法。取-80℃保存的新鲜组织标本,于液氮中研磨至粉末状,按照欧米伽公司试剂说明书提取总RNA。紫外分光光度计检测RNA纯度,A260/A280比值大于1.8的标本用于检测miRNA,1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测RNA完整性。反转录反应:总RNA量为1 μg,反转录体系为20 μL,U6为内参,步骤按说明书进行,反应条件: 16℃5 min,42℃60 min,82℃5 min,反应所得cDNA产物于-20℃保存。实时定量PCR反应体系为20 μL,步骤参照说明书进行,反应条件: 95℃5 min,94℃30 s,60℃20 s,72℃20 s,共40个循环。每个样品做3个复孔,PCR产物经3%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析,样品中荧光信号达到仪器设定的阈值的循环数即为Ct值。采用2-ΔΔCt法计算miR-92a在组织中的相对表达量,其中ΔΔCt=肿瘤组织ΔCt-癌旁正常组织ΔCt肿瘤组织CtmiR-92a-肿瘤组织CtU6。癌旁正常组织ΔCt=癌旁正常组织CtmiR-92a-癌旁正常组织CtU6。
1.4HT-29细胞转染miR-92a抑制剂后对奥沙利铂敏感性的影响HT-29细胞接种于含10%胎牛血清的RPMI1640培养基中,置于37℃、5% CO2培养箱中,饱和湿度下传代培养。设实验组、阴性对照组、脂质体组和空白组。实验组转染miR-92a抑制剂,阴性对照组转染对照寡核苷酸,脂质体组转染脂质体,空白组不作任何处理,转染前1 d根据实验需要细胞铺板,转染根据说明书操作,转染后6 h换液,进行后续实验。①取上述分组细胞分别接种于96孔板(3 000~5 000个细胞、100 μL/孔,每组设3个复孔),过夜贴壁后加入奥沙利铂处理,浓度为50 μg/mL,作用24 h后,分别在24、48、72 h时间点加入10 μL CCK-8溶液在37℃孵育2 h,在酶标仪上读取各组吸光度(A)值,测定波长450 nm。②4组细胞转染后48 h用奥沙利铂作用24 h,PBS漂洗载玻片,干燥样本。滴加50 μL TUNEL反应液到样本上,湿盒中37℃孵育60 min。PBS漂洗后,在荧光显微镜(激发波长488 nm,发射波长550 nm)下分析结果。
1.5统计学方法采用SPSS19.0统计软件。本研究中miR-92a表达水平资料为非正态分布,采用非参数Wilcoxon符号秩和检验来比较组间差异。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
相对于癌旁正常组织,miR-92a在结肠癌组织中的相对表达量为(3.57±14.15)。本组患者临床病理参数与miR-92a表达量的关系见表1。由表1可见,miR-92a相对表达量与结肠癌患者术后局部复发及远处转移有关,与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤部位、肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移、有无脉管癌栓及肿瘤分化程度无关,P均>0.05。
表1 miR-92a表达与结肠癌临床病理参数的关系(±s)
临床病理参数 n miR-92a相对表达量性别男52 3.3±2.7 女23 3.8±2.1年龄(岁) >50 49 3.4±2.7 <50 26 2.8±2.1肿瘤部位左半结肠 33 3.1±2.5右半结肠 42 3.7±2.7 T分期T3 15 3.3±1.5 T4 60 3.9±1.4 N分期57 3.5±1.3 N1+ N2 18 3.7±2.2脉管癌栓有25 3.6±2.9 无50 3.2±1.3分化程度高中分化 60 3.3±2.1低分化 15 3.4±2.2术后有无局部复发及远处转移有 32 4.0±2.8 无N0 43 2.2±1.5
各组培养24、48、72 h后细胞增殖情况及细胞凋亡率见表2。由表2可见,实验组培养后24、48、72 hA值均高于其余三组(P均<0.05),细胞凋亡率高于其余三组(P均<0.05)。
表2 各组大鼠培养24、48、72 h后细胞增殖情况及细胞凋亡率比较(±s)
注:实验组相比,*P<0.05。
组别 24 h后A值48 h后A值72 h后A值72 h后凋亡率(%)空白组 0.625±0.062*1.458±0.063*1.876±0.056*13.9±3.2*脂质体组 0.633±0.047*1.463±0.078*1.823±0.025*14.5±3.4*阴性对照组 0.604±0.038*1.345±0.015*1.798±0.064*11.8±4.5*实验组 0.434±0.035 1.056±0.022 1.224±0.035 34.5±4.6
miRNA是一类内源性表达的长度为17~25个核苷酸的非编码小分子RNA,主要通过与靶基因3'端非编码区发生不完全配对,从而抑制靶基因mRNA翻译,参与调控个体发育、细胞凋亡、细胞增殖和分化等生命活动,与肿瘤的发生、转移、耐药等病理进程密切相关。已证实,miRNA在组织和细胞中的表达有显著的肿瘤相关性、组织特异性和表达稳定性。结肠癌细胞中特异性miRNA过表达或沉默与结肠癌的发展、肿瘤细胞的转移及耐药性有关。
miR-92a作为miR-17-92簇的重要成员,在多种肿瘤中存在异常表达[1~5],并与肿瘤的发生发展以及肿瘤细胞的增殖和凋亡相关[6~10]。同时,肿瘤细胞中miR-92a高表达与化疗耐药及不良预后相关[11]。结肠癌患者血浆和组织中miR-92a显著高表达,术后血浆miR-92a水平降低,检测血浆miR-92a水平有助于预判结肠癌的治疗效果和复发情况[12~15]。结肠癌患者大便中也可检测到miR-92a的高表达[16],检测大便中miR-92a有助于鉴别进展期腺瘤、结肠癌和正常人[17]。在结肠癌患者中miR-92a高表达与较晚的分期、淋巴结及远处转移和不良预后相关[18,19]。拮抗miR-92a可以引起结肠癌细胞的凋亡[20]。这些证据表明miR-92a在结肠癌发展中起到了重要的作用。
本研究结果证实,结肠癌患者肿瘤组织标本中miR-92a的表达高于癌旁正常黏膜组织,且肿瘤组织中miR-92a的高表达与术后局部复发及远处复发相关,与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、部位、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、分期、脉管有无癌栓、分化程度无关。凋亡是化疗药物发挥细胞毒性的最初作用形式。文献报道,结肠癌患者血浆及切除肿瘤组织标本中miR-92a呈高表达,与化疗后反应不良及较短的生存期相关,我们推测miR-92a与结肠癌细胞耐药相关,拮抗miR-92a的表达可增加结肠癌细胞凋亡率,抑制增殖,进而增加化疗药物的敏感性。
miR-92a发挥生物学作用的具体生物学机制目前还不完全明确。miR-92a基因位于13q13。有研究[21]表明miR-17-92簇可以促进肿瘤细胞增殖、抑制凋亡,促进肿瘤血管形成,加速肿瘤发展进程。Niu等[22]发现miR-92a在胶质瘤细胞中通过靶向BCL2L11家族中Bim蛋白抑制细胞的凋亡。Tsuchida等[23]发现miR-92a可以通过靶向Bcl-2家族促进结肠癌组织中癌细胞的凋亡。Zhang等[24]发现miR-92a通过靶向PTEN促进结肠癌细胞株SW480的增殖、侵袭及转移。单个miRNA的靶基因可能有多个,而且在不同肿瘤细胞中通过不同的信号通路发生作用,也有可能几个miRNA共同作用发挥癌基因或抑癌基因的作用,其具体分子生物学机制还需实验进一步阐明。
综上所述,miR-92a在结肠癌组织中显著高表达,与术后局部复发及远处转移密切相关,降低miR-92a的表达可以增加结肠癌细胞化疗药敏性,预示着miR-92a可能成为化疗疗效的预测标记物或成为分子治疗的靶点,关于miR-92a发挥作用的分子学机制及其是否可以作为结肠癌患者的预测标志物有待进一步研究阐明。
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Expression changes of miR-92a in colon cancer tissues and cells and its significance
YANG Chen-hao,TAN Zhi-jun
(The First Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300070,China)
Abstract:Objective To observe the expression changes in levels of miR-92a in the colon cancer tissues and cells and to explore its clinical significance.Methods①The relative expression levels of miR-92a in the tissues of 75 patients with stagesⅡwith high risk factors or stagesⅢcolon cancer was detected by real-time q-PCR and was calculated by using the equation 2(-ΔΔCt),and its association with clinicopathological parameter was evaluated.②HT-29 cells were plated onto 96-well plates and were divided into the experimental group,negative control group,liposome group and control group,each group set up three holes.The experimental group was transfected with miR-92a inhibitor,the negative control group was transfected with miR-92a negative control oligonucleotide,and liposome group was transfected liposome.We detected the expression changes of miR-92a to evaluated the effects of transfection.Then the cells were treated with 50μg/mL oxaliplatin for 24 h,and at different time points (24,48 and72 h),the culture medium was removed and replaced with culture medium containing 10 μL CCK-8 solution.After incubation at 37℃for 2 h,the absorbance at 450 nm on each well was measured by an enzyme immunoassay analyzer.After the transfection for 48 h and being treated by oxaliplatin for 24 h,the apoptosis rate was detected and measured by TUNEL.Results The expression of miR-92a was significantly higher than that of the normal adjacent mucosa.The expression of miR-92a was not related with gender,age,tumor location,depth of invasion,lymph node metastasis,cancer embolus or tissue differentiation (all P>0.05),but was related with local recurrence and distant metastases (P<0.05).The experimental groups'A value of HT-29 were lower and the apoptosis rate was higher as compared with that of the other three group at different time points (24,48 and 72 h) after transfectionbook=21,ebook=483(all P<0.05).Conclusions The expression of miR-92a in the colon cancer tissues is increased.The relative expression of miR-92a in the colon cancer tissues is related with local recurrence and distant metastases.Suppressing the expression of miR-92a can increase the chemosensitivity of colon cancer cells.
Key words:colonic carcinoma; miR-92a protein; oxaliplatin; apoptosis
(收稿日期:2015-03-12)
通信作者简介:谭志军(1972-),男,博士,主任医师,研究方向为胃肠肿瘤的基础与临床。E-mail: zhijuntan2013@163.com
作者简介:第一柳辰昊(1988-),男,在读研究生,研究方向为胃肠肿瘤。E-mail: liuchenh1988@163.com
基金项目:天津市卫生局科技基金资助项目(2013ZK023)。
文章编号:1002-266X(2015)22-0020-04
文献标志码:A
中图分类号:R735.3
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2015.22.006