李健伟 刘亚萍
浅谈高考英语听力题的解题策略
李健伟刘亚萍
【摘要】语言学习的最终目的是运用语言进行交流(communication),即听、说、读、写的过程,然而,要能够进行口头交流,首先要能准确获取对方所表达的信息,也就是说,首先要听懂对方的话。可见,听(listening)在语言学习中占有重要的地位,这就是高考英语为什么那么重视听力考试的原因所在。高考英语听力分值为30分,占全卷分数的20%,每一位高中英语教师都极为重视,都在不断地探索、研究提高学生听力能力的途径和方法。
【关键词】语言学习;听力;考试;策略
良好的应试习惯是得分的关键。教师要教学生养成拿到考题后马上进入听力准备的习惯,通过阅读听力材料的题干和选项,学生应具备猜测出部分对话或独白的话题的能力,如:
例1:How much should the man pay?
A. 30 dollars.
B. 54 dollars.
C. 60 dollars.
该考题应该是考查购物。听力材料中会出现大量购物语言如:What can I do for you? Can I help you? I’m looking for... I want to buy...,What size/What color do you like? I’ll give you a 20 percent discount if you buy 2.这样,学生就明白在听的时候要做必要的数字记录,在答题时进行简单计算去获得答案。
例2:What’s the matter with the man?
A. He had a headache.
B. He had a stomache.
C. He had his leg injured.
该考题应该是考查看病就医,听力材料中会出现就医用语,如:What’s the matter with you?/What can I do for you? I don’t feel very well,Take these medicine three times a day. You’d better drink more water and have a good rest at home.等。
例3:(1)What’s the speaker?
A. A teacher.
B. A guide.
C. A tourist.
(2)How long will it take them to get to the Tiananmen Square?
A. Half an hour.
B. Forty-five minutes.
C. An hour.
(3)When will they begin to visit Beihai Park?
A. 2:00 pm.
B. 3:00pm.
C. 6:00pm.
(4)Where will they have dinner?
A. In their hotel.
B. At a restaurant.
C. On their way to their hotel.
读完例3之后,学生应该能够猜测出该独白是一位导游在对游客介绍日程安排,从而有倾向性地关注事件发生的地点、人物、事件。
归纳起来,如果一份高考试卷中学生通过预读能把握住4~5题的话题,将会使听的过程变得更轻松。
在听力教学过程中我发现,有些学生在听套题的过程中,总是在等待对话和独白的开始,不会充分利用间隙时间去听。
(一)抓住连词前后的内容判定答案
1.关注but,however,unless,because等连词后面的句子。如:
A:Would you like to come to my house for dinner this Friday evening?
B:I’d love to,but I’m afraid I can’t,I have to take care of my mother in the hospital.
题干:Why can’t the man go to the woman’s house for dinner.
答案应该是Because his mother was ill in the hospital.
2.关注if,unless,instead of,otherwise等连词前面的内容。
3.对于听两遍的对话,第一遍如果没获取准确答案,务必确定答案的基本位置,以便第二遍听的时候有所侧重。
4.对话A提出三个建议或三个问句,答语中往往否定前二者,肯定第三个。
例如:
What did they decide to eat in the end?
A. To eat at a Chinese restaurant.
B. To take a bus to another restaurant.
C. To walk home straight.
听力内容:
...
孟子说:“吾善养吾浩然之气”,孔子说:“见贤思齐”,也是这个意思。如果读书而不敦品,则只能成为一个知识库,一个“书囊”,充其量只是有知识而已。读书如果不珍惜自己的品德,那就错了。我认为人才是靠自我造就的,当然老师和学校都很重要,但自己如不能奋发努力,也就很难有成就,所以人才归根结蒂是要看自己能不能敦品自励、刻苦锻炼。而且这是长期的、一辈子的事,不是几个月几年的事。
A:What about eating in the French restaurant?
B:I ate there last Monday evening,the service was too slow.
A:That’s really slow,how about going to the Italian restaurant nearby?
B:You can say so,but the service was slow,too.
A:Then what about going to the Chinese restaurant.
B:That’s a good idea.
该类型就属于对话A提出三个建议或三个问句,答语中往往否定前二者,肯定第三个;该情景在生活中非常常见,属于考查重点。
5.对话者B答语先否定,再陈述自己的思想,则后半句通常就是答案句。
A. In Paris.
B. In the south.
C. In the north.
听力内容:
A:Are you going to visit Paris? Everyone looks forward to visit Paris.
B:actually,I’m not going to Paris,I’m going to the north of France.所以,答案应该是C。
6.注重口语基础,促进听的能力。教师应要求学生记住一些惯用句的表达,如购物、点菜、就医建议等;如:May I have your order now?I’m looking for... I want to book a double room/single room. What’s the weather like today?/What’s wrong with you?通过这些句子,可判断人物的身份、职业、对话场所、谈话内容等。
(二)养成边听边记录重点信息的习惯
1.用握手指和画线记录来计数,如:
How many languages can the man speak?
A. 4.B. 3.C. 5.
W:How many languages do you know?
M:Well,besides my native language,I can also speak English,French,Spanish,and Italian.
如果你只用心去记,很容易记错,而你若用握下手指或者画圈、钩计数,则不易记错。
2.适当记住动作行为的时间起点和终点,购物原价格以及折扣百分比数及购买数量是1件还是2件,然后在听完之后进行简单的计算,答案的准确率自然就高了。
例如:How long will it take them to arrive in the Summer Palace?
A. 15 minutes.
B. Half an hour.
C. 45 minutes.
W:ladies and gentlemen,I’d like to tell you tomorrow’s schedule. We will get up early in the morning at 6:00,and we will have a wash and have breakfast then take a bus to the summer palace at
(三)平时多听,考试不惊
俗话说:“平时多流汗,战时少流血。”高考过程中,大多数考生能够不慌不忙地应试,但也有部分学生在高考中存在心理紧张,大脑一片模糊的情况;紧张的原因很大程度上是由于平时听的少,听力能力弱,而考试时又寄托很大的希望,从而适得其反,造成心理紧张。所以,只有在平时坚持听力训练,掌握听力应试技巧,方能在大考中从容应对,遇事不急,达到稳中取胜。
总之,听力在语言学习中的重要性是众所周知的,在高考中的重要性也不言而喻,考生只有通过长期坚持,不断归纳总结、积累方法技巧,才能够做到胸有成竹,运筹帷幄。
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