高三复习之英语写作指导

魏彩云

对于很多高中生来说，英语写作是一件很难掌握的语言技能。学生不但对于作文的基本结构，语言的衔接方面的知识欠缺，而且词汇匮乏，受汉语思维的影响较大，思路不够开阔，写作时无从下手。

高三复习阶段，教师应该帮助学生理清思路，有系统的指导写作技巧，扫除学生写作中的障碍。

一、学生高考作文得分低的几个特点

1.词汇错误频出；语言不地道，受中文式思维影响严重（words problem）

2.语句毛病多；层次不清（sentence problem）

3.段落层次不分明；衔接不紧凑（paragraph problem）

4.书面不整洁（handwriting problem）

二、增强书面表达效果的技巧

下文从遣词、造句和谋篇三个方面探讨如何提高写作技巧与能力。

1.遣词

I.用词准确的原则

①I will have a/an____________（date；appointment）with Professor Liu this afternoon on my term paper.

②Finally，our class_______（won，beat）their class.

II.用词多实少虚的原则（选择具体的词汇）

The food is good不如The food is tasty/juicy/fresh/ mouthwatering/appetizing.

“走出房间”，一般的词汇是：

walk out of the room

但是小偷走出房间应该说：

slip out of the room

女士走出房间应该说：

sail out of the room

小孩走出房间应该说：

dance out of the room

老人走出房间应该说：

stagger out of the room

III.不要用中文思维来写英语

①光阴似箭！不是Time is like an arrow！而是Time flies！

②接电话不是receive the phone而是Answer the phone

③人山人海不是people mountain people sea而是hundreds of thousands of people

④好好学习，天天向上不是Good good study，day day up而是Study hard and youll make progress every day.

2.造句

I.句子简洁原则

①Mr.Smith likes to drink all kinds of wines that are produced in France可以换成Mr.Smith prefers French wine.

②She is attractive in appearance，but she is a rather foolish person.可换成She is attractive，but rather foolish.

II.使用较高级的句式原则

①We all think he is great可换成We all think highly of him.

②Suddenly I thought out a good idea.可换成A good idea suddenly occurred to me.

③As a result，the plan was a failure可换成The plan turned out to be a failure.

III.句子多变的原则（使用较丰富的句式）

①To his surprise，the little girl knows so many things.（使用名词性从句）

What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.

②Though Im weak，Ill make the effort.（使用倒装句）

Weak as I am，Ill make the effort.

③He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.（使用强调句型）

It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened.

IV.挑战极限原则

如使用虚拟语气或独立主格，一定要做到精准无误

①I passed the physics exam because of your help.（用虚拟语气）

I couldnt have passed the physics exam but for your help.

②If weather permits，we will go to play basketball.（使用独立主格）

Weather permitting，we will go to play basketball.endprint

V.准确使用格言谚语，使文章增色

根据句意选出正确的选项。

a.Many hands make light work.

b.Once bitten，twice shy.

c.Rome wasnt built in one day.

①When he fell off a horse，he sworn that he would never try to ride horses；you know，________.

②________.Dont expect to finish the task in a short time.

③Wed have to clean the room for the guests coming in the morning.The children can help too；__________.

3.谋篇

段落写作遵循条理性强的原则。使用恰当连接词或过渡性的词汇，对写文章很重要，能使文章上下衔接自然、紧凑。

例如：

As you know，Jenny is a Canadian girl.We have been pen friends for more than three years.Believe it or not，I found her information when I was reading an English magazine and of course，I wrote to her soon.In my first letter I introduced myself and told her something about my family.We keep in touch with each other.Whats more，we also talk about our school life and our future.She will visit our city this summer.

三、写作七个步骤

（1）审——仔细阅读写作要求及注意事项；

（2）定——确定体裁，人称和时态 及篇章结构；

（3）列——列出要点，重要词组及句型；

（4）连——整理成篇，行文连贯；

（5）美——润色丰富要点；

（6）改——查错改错；

（7）抄——修改无误后，认真规范地写在规定的地方。

提高写作水平并非一朝一夕的事情，学生不仅需要掌握一定的写作技巧之外，还需要注意积累，掌握一定的词汇量，背一些好的句式和段落，这样写出来的文章才能生动精彩。endprint