张世娟
[摘 要]目的 探討对小儿正畸后牙面白垩斑采用渗透树脂治疗的效果。方法 将2020年1月-2023年1月本院收治的正畸后牙面白垩斑患儿80例作为研究对象,根据治疗方法分为对照组与试验组,各40例。对照组给予常规治疗,试验组给予渗透树脂治疗,比较两组临床疗效、牙面粗糙程度、口腔美化情况、咀嚼功能及治疗满意度。结果 试验组治疗总有效率为95.00%,高于对照组的75.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗后牙面粗糙度评分低于治疗前,口腔美观度评分高于治疗前,且试验组牙面粗糙度评分低于对照组,口腔美观度评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗后咀嚼效率、咬力高于治疗前,且试验组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组患儿家属满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 对于正畸后牙面白垩斑患儿,渗透树脂治疗可有效改善其临床症状,提升咀嚼功能,提高口腔美观度,且患儿家属对治疗满意度较高。
[关键词] 正畸;白垩斑;渗透树脂;咀嚼功能
[中图分类号] R783.3 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1004-4949(2024)09-0089-04
Effect of Penetrating Resin in the Treatment of Chalky White Spots on the Surface of Orthodontic Teeth in Children
ZHANG Shi-juan
(Department of Stomatology, Linyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Linyi 276000, Shandong, China)
[Abstract]Objective To investigate the effect of penetrating resin in the treatment of chalky white spots on the surface of orthodontic teeth in children. Methods A total of 80 patients with chalky white spots on the surface of orthodontic teeth admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to January 2023 were divided into control group and experimental group according to the treatment method, with 40 patients in each group. The control group was given routine treatment, and the experimental group was treated with penetrating resin. The clinical efficacy, tooth surface roughness, oral beautification, masticatory function and treatment satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of treatment in the experimental group was 95.00%, which was higher than 75.00% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the tooth surface roughness score of the two groups was lower than that before treatment, and the oral aesthetics score was higher than that before treatment, while the tooth surface roughness score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group, and the oral aesthetics score was higher than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The masticatory efficiency and bite force of the two groups after treatment were higher than those before treatment, and those of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The satisfaction of family members in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion For children with chalky white spots on the surface of orthodontic teeth, penetrating resin can effectively improve their clinical symptoms, improve masticatory function, improve oral aesthetics, and family members have higher satisfaction with treatment.
[Key words] Orthodontic; Chalky white spots; Penetrating resin; Masticatory function
当小儿牙齿正畸后,容易出现牙面白垩斑,是正畸后常见并发症[1,2]。白垩斑因糖分和食物残渣被细菌分解产生酸,导致牙齿表面出现白色斑块,是牙齿脱矿的最早阶段,对牙齿的健康及美观均会产生影响,严重者甚至出现脱矿现象[3,4]。白垩斑病理学上则表现为完整及矿化程度较高的表层,若不及时治疗,则会影响口腔美感。渗透树脂是一种新技术,能够抑制龋病的发展,可用于治疗龋病光滑面和邻面的非洞病损[5]。本研究旨在分析渗透树脂治疗小儿正畸后牙面白垩斑的临床效果,现报道如下。
1.1 一般资料 于2020年1月-2023年1月,选取临沂市中医医院收治的正畸后牙面白垩斑患儿80例,根据治疗方法不同分为对照组和试验组,各40例。对照组男16例,女24例;年龄5~8岁,平均年龄(7.58±0.26)岁。试验组男17例,女23例;年龄6~9岁,平均年龄(7.92±0.23)岁。两组性别、年龄比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),可对比。
1.2 纳入与排除标准 纳入标准:①牙面清洁,无龋齿斑;②患儿家属知情同意,且签署知情同意书;③临床资料完整。排除标准:①曾接受过填充及修补等修复术;②曾进行过漂白治疗者;③牙齿结构不良者;④长期使用抗生素治疗者;⑤临床资料不完整者;⑥无法随访者。
1.3 方法
1.3.1对照组 给予常规治疗:清洁牙齿后,选择5%的4 ml浓度分子量氟保护漆涂抹于患儿病损的牙面上,1次/月,治疗6个月。
1.3.2试验组 给予渗透树脂治疗:常规清洁牙齿后进行比色处理。在白垩斑位置涂抹酸蚀剂,2 min后应用无油气枪冲洗,再对白垩斑区进行冲洗,停留半小时后彻底清除,呈现粉饼状态方可关灯,并将透性树脂涂抹于酸蚀的牙面上,停留3 min。采用棉签清除多余的材料,光照40 s后,再次涂抹渗透树脂,停留1 min后再进行光照,光照5 s后,再涂抹阻氧剂,40 s后进行打磨抛光,最后嘱咐患儿进行口腔清洁。1次/月,治疗6个月。
1.4 观察指标
1.4.1评估两组临床疗效 显效:患儿白垩斑症状完全消失;有效:患儿白垩斑面积有所缩小;无效:患儿白垩斑症状未见好转,甚或加剧。总有效率=(显效+有效)/总例数×100%[6]。
1.4.2评估两组牙面粗糙程度与美观度 于治疗前后采用三维形貌测量显微镜测量粗糙度,选择中心点,在上下左右各个象限随机选择1个测量点,再选择平均值,则为粗糙度[7]。美观度选择正畸治疗需要指数(IOTN)中美学因素(AC)来评价患儿的口腔美观度,总分为100分,评分越高代表美观程度越好。
1.4.3检测两组咀嚼功能 采用TS-hooth-scan咬力测试仪检测患者咬力,咀嚼效率采用筛分称重法。
1.4.4调查两组患儿家属满意度 采用自制问卷统计患儿家属对其治疗满意度,总分为100分,非常满意:>90分;基本满意:70~90分;不满意:<70分。满意度=(非常满意+基本满意)/总例数×100%。
2.1 两组临床疗效比较 试验组治疗总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05),见表1。
2.2 两组牙面粗糙程度与美观度比较 两组治疗后牙面粗糙度评分低于治疗前,口腔美观度评分高于治疗前,且试验组牙面粗糙度评分低于对照组,口腔美观度评分高于对照组(P<0.05),见表2。
2.3 两组咀嚼功能比较 两组治疗后咀嚼效率、咬力高于治疗前,且试验组高于对照组(P<0.05),见表3。
2.4 两组治疗满意度比较 试验组患儿家属治疗满意度高于对照组(P<0.05),见表4。
近年来随着临床医学技术的发展,口腔正畸技术也在进步。加上人们口腔健康意识的增强,牙齿正畸就诊率也在临床中不断提高。正畸治疗是牙齿正畸的常用方式,可纠正牙齿,但是在正畸治疗时,容易导致牙釉质脱矿,早期主要表现为表层脱矿,若及时去除矫治器,可由唾液矿化作用进行修复[8,9]。但临床实际中,大部分患者所发生的牙釉质脱矿并不能去除,长时间形成白垩斑,直接影响牙齿健康及美观[10]。
牙面白垩斑是牙齒正畸后常见并发症,其本质为牙釉质脱矿,因为在进行正畸矫治时会用到许多托槽(“既牙钉”)、橡皮筋、弓丝等,这些东西均会影响唾液及口腔肌肉对牙齿的清洁作用,且刷牙的难度也会因此升高,不利于牙齿清洁[11,12]。不仅如此,细菌还会在这些不易清洁的牙齿表面堆积,并生长繁殖,而在此过程中,细菌则会产生一些酸性物质,对牙齿表面产生腐蚀作用,使牙齿表面脱矿,“白点或白斑”就此形成[13]。现阶段,治疗正畸后牙面白垩斑的有效方式则是再矿化及微创美白,但整个过程需患者保持良好的口腔卫生,否则效果欠佳。
本研究结果显示,试验组治疗总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05),可能是因为渗透树脂可消灭白垩斑面积,提高牙齿透明度,改善临床症状。两组治疗后牙面粗糙度评分低于治疗前,口腔美观度评分高于治疗前,且牙面粗糙度评分低于对照组,口腔美观度评分高于对照组(P<0.05),主要是因为渗透树脂治疗中采用有较强流动性、低黏性的树脂材料,通过毛细虹吸的作用渗透在脱矿釉质的多孔隙结构内,在光固化后,则会堵塞酸性物质入侵和矿物离子流失的通道,抑制龋病发展速度[14,15]。此外,两组治疗后咀嚼效率、咬力高于治疗前,且试验组高于对照组(P<0.05),可能是因为渗透树脂有着较高的渗透系数,便于进入表层下病损的微小孔道,完全填塞并阻止营养物质的扩散和龋病的进展,阻止了釉质表面崩解,进而提高咀嚼功能。试验组患儿家属治疗满意度高于对照组(P<0.05),主要是因为树脂渗透技术属于微创技术,树脂还可增加基质含量,减少无机填料来降低粘度,且提高釉质表面显微硬度,增加其稳固性,从而为牙体组织提供一定的机械支持,防止釉质表层塌陷及龋坏的发展,在提高临床疗效的同时还能够提高患儿家属满意度[16,17]。
综上所述,渗透树脂治疗小儿正畸后牙面白垩斑可改善临床症状,提升咀嚼功能,提高口腔美观度,且患儿家属对治疗满意度较高。
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收稿日期:2024-1-8 编辑:周思雨