阿联酋馆：湿地

策展人：瓦伊尔·阿尔·阿瓦尔，寺本健一

阿联酋国家馆的“湿地”项目是第17届威尼斯国际建筑双年展的2021年金狮奖获得者。它展示了一种原型：从回收的工业废卤水中提取环保盐基水泥的替代品，以减少建筑业对环境的影响。

“湿地”项目中的开创性研究探讨了一种可能性：受城市当地景观的启发，升级回收城市海水淡化产生的工业卤水副产品，将其用作可持续建筑材料，以打造“未来本土”建筑。

水泥是仅次于水的世界第二大消耗性材料，但它对我们所栖居的环境构成了严重威胁。传统水泥生产过程中产生的CO2占全球排放量的8%；而工业海水淡化过程中产生的高饱和盐水（卤水）经常被排入海洋，对海洋生物和生态系统造成了巨大影响。因此，当务之急便是寻求一种更加可持续的替代方案。

建筑师有责任以批判的眼光审视建筑行业，并批判其使用的设计方法及材料对环境与社会造成的影响。在全球范围内，为了追求速度和规模，建筑过程已被标准化，而本土建筑技术在很大程度上已被抛弃。这对特定场域的环境和全球环境都造成了损害。

阿联酋国家馆对第17届威尼斯国际建筑双年展策展人哈希姆·萨基斯提出的主题 “我们将如何共同生存?”作出如下回应：受到阿联酋萨布哈发现的结晶盐和矿物质的启发，用回收的废卤水制成环保型镁基水泥替代品。

萨布哈是独特的天然盐滩，在这种生存环境中有由珍贵的盐和矿物质混合而成的结晶盐壳。这些自然现象成为阿联酋最丰富的地质特征之一。得益于强烈的太阳辐射和干旱的气候，萨布哈是世界上最大的盐滩之一。

通过科学实验和研究，阿联酋馆的项目试图从萨布哈组成物中提取一种技术等效的水泥——一种无高碳排放的可再生建筑材料。

此次展览旨在学习并了解阿联酋的萨布哈，发掘他们在符合当今工业需求的环境敏感及可持续材料等方面的潜力。□（王单单 译）

2 展览装置/Exhibition installation

项目信息/Credits and Data

委托方/Commissioner: Salama Bint Hamdan Al Nahyan Foundation

主办方/Supporter: UAE Ministry of Culture and Youth策展人/Curators: Wael Al Awar, Kenichi Teramoto

参展人/Exhibitors: waiwai, New York University - Abu Dhabi (Amber Lab), University of Tokyo (Sato Lab and Obuchi Lab), American University of Sharjah (Dept. of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences), Farah Al Qasimi

出版物/Publication: Ahmed & Rashid Bin Shabib (撰文/Writers), Wael Al Awar and Kenichi Teramoto (编辑/Editors), Marina Tabassum (供稿/Contributor)

摄影/Photos: Frederico Torra (fig.1,2,5-10)

3.4 法拉·卡西米作品/Artworks by Farah Al Qasimi（图片来源/ Image Courtesy: National Pavilion UAE）

5.6 展览装置/Exhibition installation

Wetland at the National Pavilion United Arab Emirates (UAE), 2021 Golden Lion recipient at the 17th International Architecture Exhibition at La Biennale di Venezia, presents a prototype of an environmentally friendly salt-based cement alternative from recycled industrial waste brine, which could reduce the impact the construction industry has on the environment.

The groundbreaking research presented in Wetland investigates the possibility of upcycling by-products of industrial waste brine from desalination produced by cities to be used as a sustainable building material inspired by a city's local landscape, crafting a Future Vernacular for architecture.

Cement is the world's second most highly-consumed material after water, and yet it is a significant threat to the habitability of our environment. The production of traditional cement generates 8% of the world's CO2emissions, while brine, highly-saturated saltwater left over from industrial desalination, is often disposed back into the sea causing significant impact on marine life and ecosystems. A more sustainable alternative is vital.

7 展馆外景/Exterior view of pavilion

8 展览装置/Exhibition installation

9 展览装置/Exhibition installation

10 展馆外景/Exterior view of pavilion

Architects have a responsibility to turn a critical eye on the construction industry, and to critique the environmental and social impact of the methods and materials used to realise their designs. As construction processes have been standardised across the globe in pursuit of speed and scale, local architectural techniques have largely been abandoned, to the detriment of sitespecific environments as much as global ones.

The National Pavilion UAE response to Hashim Sarkis's theme for the 17th International Architecture Exhibition - La Biennale di Venezia, How will we live together? is an environmentally friendly MgO-based cement alternative created from recycled waste brine, inspired by the crystallised salts and minerals found in the UAE's Sabkha.

Sabkha are unique, naturally-occurring salt flats - living environments with crystalised salt crusts made from an amalgamation of valuable salts and minerals. These9 natural phenomena are among the UAE's richest geological features, nurtured by the high solar radiation and arid climate, and the locally-occurring Sabkha are among the largest in the world.

Through scientific experimentation and research, the UAE's project attempts to create a technological equivalent of cement from the Sabkha formation - a renewable construction material without the high carbon emissions.

The exhibition seeks to learn from and understand the UAE's Sabkha, harnessing their potential in the search for environmentally sensitive and sustainable materials that can still meet the demands of today's industry.□

11 “湿地”实验研究/Research of Wetland

a-材料研究，“湿地”实验室/Material Research at Wetland Lab, Alserkal Avenue（图片来源/Image courtesy: National Pavilion UAE + waiwai, 摄影/Photo: Sahil Abdul Latheef）

b-结晶实验，waiwai事务所/Crystallisation experiments at waiwai office（图片来源/Image courtesy: National Pavilion UAE + waiwai）c-实验/Experiment（摄影/Photo: Dina Khatib）

d-实验/Experiment（图片来源/Image Courtesy: National Pavilion UAE, 摄影/Photo: Sahil Abdul Latheef）

e-“湿地”原型浇铸件，“湿地”实验室/Wetland prototype cast at Wetland Lab, Alserkal Avenue（图片来源/Image courtesy: National Pavilion UAE + waiwai）

f-材料研究，“湿地”实验室/Material Research at Wetland Lab, Alserkal Avenue（图片来源/Image courtesy: National Pavilion UAE + waiwai. 摄影/Photo: Sahil Abdul Latheef）

g-“湿地”原型，东京大学/Wetland prototype at the University of Tokyo, Jun Sato Laboratory, Yusuke Obuchi Laboratory（图片来源/Image courtesy: National Pavilion UAE + waiwai, 摄影/Photo: Muga Miyahara）