脑卒中高危人群筛查现状及危险因素分析

郭玉华 熊良圣 赵丽丽 周欣谕 刘睿 黄美琴

[关键词] 脑卒中;高危人群;筛查;危险因素

[中图分类号] R743.3          [文献标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701（2021）25-0106-04

Screening status and risk factors of high-risk population for stroke

GUO Yuhua1   XIONG Liangsheng1   ZHAO Lili1   ZHOU Xinyu1   LIU Rui2   HUANG Meiqin2

1.Yichun Vocational Technical College，Yichun   336000，China;2.Yichun Center for Disease Control and Prevention，Yichun   336000，China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the current status of high-risk population for stork and exposure to risk factors in Yichun，to provide evidence for targeted primary interventions for stroke patients. Methods Residents aged ≥40 years old in three communities in Yichun，Binjiang，Gaocheng，and Lingquan，were screened for high-risk population for stroke from June 2017 to December 2019，using cluster sampling method.Analysis was conducted on screened high-risk population. Results Among the 12 420 residents， 2609 （21.01%） were found to be at high risk for stroke.The detection rate was the highest in the 60-69 age group， and the detection rate in males was higher than that in females. There were statistical differences in detection rate among residents with different gender and age，except for urban and rural areas （P<0.01）. The top three risk factors distributed in the high-risk population were lack of exercise （55.31%）， hypertension （51.78%）， and smoking （36.95%）. Residents with risk factors had higher detection rate of high-risk population than the non-high-risk population. Single-factor analysis showed statistically significant differences （P<0.01）. Conclusion The detection rate of high-risk population for stroke in Yichun is higher than the national average.It is necessary to strengthen the management of high-risk population for stoke to reduce and eliminate risk factors and reduce the incidence of stroke.

[Key words] Stroke; High-risk population; Screening; Risk factors

腦卒中又叫“中风”，是一种心脑血管疾病，包括缺血性和出血性脑卒中。在成人中其具有发病率、患病率、复发率、致残率和死亡率高，覆盖面积广的特点。这种流行病学特点严重影响了患者的生命质量，已成为我国居民首位死亡病因[1]，也为我国社会和家庭带来了沉重的经济负担[2-3]。但截止到2018年，我国脑卒中发病率和患病率仍不断上升，脑卒中的疾病负担有爆发性增长趋势[4]，因此对社区居民进行脑卒中风险筛查和干预，以降低其发病率，提高居民生命质量，节约社会公共资源，是脑卒中防控的重要任务。本研究通过联合我市疾病控制中心和基层医院，对受检社区≥40岁以上的居民进行筛查，分析宜春市脑卒中高危人群现状及其危险因素暴露情况，为脑卒中高危人群干预措施的实施提供依据。

1 资料与方法

1.1一般资料

采取整群抽样的方法，于2017年6月至2019年12月期间，对宜春市彬江、高城和灵泉3个社区，年龄≥40岁以上人群共12420名，进行脑卒中高危人群筛查，选择符合纳入标准的高危人群作为研究对象。