破解高考词汇障碍之构词法

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《高中英语新课程标准（2017）》要求学生“了解词汇的词根和词缀”、“掌握词性变化规律”和“运用构词法扩大词汇量”。在新课标的指导下，高考对构词法的考查也越来越深入，主要体现在对派生词与合成词的考查上。派生词由词根加上前缀或后缀构成，合成词一般由两个或以上的词根复合而成。在高考中，若词根为考纲内词汇，则其派生词或合成词一般不再给出中文释义，这些词多为超纲词汇，但根据新课标要求，其属于学生需要通过掌握规律来理解和猜测的词汇，用于考查学生的词汇意识和能力。因此，掌握派生词与合成词的组成规律与理解技巧对于扫清高考词汇障碍十分重要。

品句会意

1.(2020年全国乙卷阅读B)There's a welcome familiarity—but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both,and thus the relationship.__________

2.(2020年全国乙卷阅读B)But books don't change,people do.And that's what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.__________

3.(2020年全国乙卷阅读B)Published in 1964,it's his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.__________

4.(2020年全国乙卷阅读B)Another is Annie Dillard's Holy the Firm,her poetic 1975 ramble(随笔)about everything and nothing.__________

5.(2020年全国乙卷阅读C)Like running,race walking is physically demanding,she says.__________

6.(2020年全国乙卷阅读C)But the sport's strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips,so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport.__________

7.(2020年全国乙卷阅读D)In another,employees were shown to be 15%more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.__________

8.(2020年全国乙卷阅读D)In the future,the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant's lifetime.__________

9.(2020年全国乙卷阅读D)35.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?D.How are glowing plants made pollution-free?__________

10. (2020年全国乙卷七选五)Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs?__________

11.(2020年全国乙卷语法填空)The unmanned Chang'e-4 probe(探 测 器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—touched down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin._____________

12.(2020年全国甲卷阅读B)Psychologist Susan Levine,an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago,found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.__________

13.(2020年全国甲卷阅读C)To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think that's going to be a massive thing,at least here in New York.__________

14.(2020年全国甲卷阅读C)“It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur—unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree,project director of Righteous Fur.__________

15.(2020年全国甲卷阅读D)It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books.__________

16.(2020年全国甲卷阅读D)32.Which word best describes the author's relationship with books as a child?A.Cooperative.B.Uneasy.C.Inseparable.___________

17.(2020年全国甲卷七选五)Emoji can help communication feel friendlier,and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.__________

18.(2020年全国甲卷语法填空)They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.__________

19. (2020年全国丙卷阅读A)We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an exceptional museum in Shanghai.__________

20.(2020年全国丙卷阅读A)Our journeytakes us to picturesque Berber villages and lovely beaches.__________

21.(2020年全国丙卷阅读A)Join Prof.Pedar Foss on our in-depth Tunisian tour.__________

22.(2020年全国丙卷阅读B)Instead,one activist,dressed in a full-body monkey suit,had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:“Thanksfor notusingreal apes(猿)!”__________

23.(2020年全国丙卷阅读B)The creative team behind“Apes”used motion-capture(动作捕捉)technology to create digitalized animals,spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor's performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image（图像）.___________

24.(2020年全国丙卷阅读B)But they weren't there to throw red paint on fur-coatwearing film stars.__________

25. (2020年全国丙卷阅读B)Instead,one activist,dressed in a full-body monkey suit,had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks for not using real apes(猿)!”___________

26.(2020年全国丙卷阅读B)In some cases,it's not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried;it's the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns.__________

27.(2020年全国丙卷阅读C)Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol—one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof.__________

28.(2020年全国丙卷阅读C)The doorway to peace and quiet,for Nick Bright at least,leads straight to his mother-in-law：she lives on the ground floor,while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.__________

29.(2020年全国丙卷阅读D)35.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea__________

30.(2020年全国丙卷阅读D)A group of seadwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers.__________

31.(2020年全国丙卷阅读D)They madealiving as divers,spearfishing or harvesting shellfish.__________

32.(2020年全国丙卷七选五)Sometimes,because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home,people may be asked to help unpack boxes.__________

33.(2020年全国丙卷语法填空)In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike.__________

34.(2020年全国丙卷语法填空)He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue.___________

35.(2019年全国乙卷阅读A)Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to$3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.__________

36.(2019年全国乙卷阅读C)Asdataand identity theft becomes more and more common,the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces.__________

37.(2019年全国乙卷阅读C)The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive,plastic-like parts.__________

38.(2019年全国乙卷阅读D)During the rosy years of elementary school(小学),I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes,which allowed me to keep my high social status.__________

39.(2019年全国乙卷阅读D)Mitch Prinstein,a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories:the likable and the status seekers.__________

40.(2019年全国乙卷阅读D)The likables'plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships,jump-start interpersonal skills and,when tapped early,are employed ever after in life and work.__________

41.(2019年全国乙卷阅读D)Then there's the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence:status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.__________

42.(2019年全国乙卷七选五)If the air you're breathing is clean—which it would be if you're away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen.__________

43.(2019年全国乙卷七选五)To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin—put on sunscreen right as you head outside.___________

44.(2019年全国乙卷语法填空)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six are stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data.__________

45.(2019年全国甲卷阅读A)Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series(系列)of lifestyle books.__________

46.(2019年全国甲卷阅读A)Matilda's battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress,Miss Trunchbull,are equally funny and frightening,but they're also aspirational.__________

47.(2019年全国甲卷阅读B)Shemayjustneed a little persuading.So I try again and tug at the heartstrings.__________

48.(2019年全国甲卷阅读B)Somewhere along the way,the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team.__________

49.(2019年全国甲卷阅读B)Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.__________

50.(2019年全国甲卷阅读C)“I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week,”he said. “It's a chance for self-reflection.You return to work recharged and with a plan.”___________

51.(2019年全国甲卷阅读D)The microorganisms(微生物)from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station,so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.__________

52.(2019年全国甲卷阅读D)Engineers come and really do an in-person review,and...it's not a very nice thing at times.__________

53.(2019年全国甲卷阅读D)Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem,readying a workable solution to test in space.__________

54.(2019年全国甲卷语法填空)When we got a call saying she was short-listed,we thought it was a joke.__________

55.(2019年全国丙卷阅读B)If you talk about fashion today,you are talking about China—its influences,its direction, its breathtaking clothes,and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.__________

56.(2019年全国丙卷阅读D)A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward.__________

57.(2019年全国丙卷七选五)Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information.__________

58.(2019年全国丙卷七选五)If there is truly a concern about a professor's professionalism or ability,be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.__________

59.(2019年全国丙卷完形填空)Wednesday,residents（居民）of Rjukan received their very first ray of winter sunshine:A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to use.__________

60.(2019年全国丙卷完形填空)The 3,500 residents cannot all enjoy the sunshine at the same time.However,the new light feels like more than enough for the town's sun-starved residents.__________

热词预测

1.前/后缀及其派生词

词缀 意义 派生词 释义anti- 抗；反antibody n.抗体antivirus adj.抗病毒的auto- 自己（的）；自动bi- 二；双bio- 生物的centi- 厘；百分之一co- 共同counter- 相反；对应autobiography n.自传autonomy n.自治（权）；自主（权）biannually adv.每半年地；每年两次地bilingual adj.双语的biochemistry n.生物化学biodegradable adj.可生物降解的centimetre n.厘米centigrade n.摄氏温度；百分度cooperative adj.合作的co-host v.搭档主持；联合主办coexist v.共存counteract v.抵消；抵抗counter-attack v.反攻；反击countermeasure n.对策；对抗手段counterpart n.职务相当的人；对应的事物cyber- 计算机的；网络的dis- 非；不cybercrime n.计算机犯罪；网络犯罪cyberbully v.网络暴力；网络欺凌disorder n.混乱dishonesty n.不诚实disconnect v.切断

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2.合成词

词条 词义 词条 词义babysit v.代人照看孩子 interest-free adj.免利息的headline n.大字标题；头版头条 labor-saving adj.节省劳动力的highway n.公路；干道 learner-centered adj.以学习者为中心的lifelong adj.终身的 long-lasting adj.持久的；长期的outline n.轮廓；概述 mouth-watering adj.令人垂涎的sightseeing n.观光；游览 near-sighted adj.近视的skyrocket v.飞涨；猛涨 never-to-be-forgotten adj.永远不会被遗忘的takeaway n.外卖食物 off-peak adj.非高峰时期的；淡季的underline v.在……下面画线；强调 old-fashioned adj.保守的；过时的waterproof adj.防水的 open-minded adj.思想开明的absent-minded adj.心不在焉的 peace-loving adj.热爱和平的all-round adj.全面的 poverty-stricken adj.一贫如洗的brand-new adj.全新的 ready-made adj.现成的by-product n.副产品 record-breaking adj.破纪录的empty-handed adj.空手的；一无所获的 see-through adj.薄至透明的evergreen adj.常青的 state-owned adj.国有的face-to-face adj.面对面的 still-to-be-discovered adj.有待发现的familiar-sounding adj.听起来熟悉的 up-to-standard adj.达到标准的far-reaching adj.影响深远的；广泛的 well-being n.健康；安乐first-class adj.头等的；一流的 well-meaning adj.善意的