破解高考词汇障碍之熟词生义

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素养解读

从高考考试大纲取消对考纲词汇的释义，到2020年新课程省份取消考试大纲，新课程、新高考对学生的词汇能力要求逐步提高，其中熟词生义就是高考对学生的词汇知识与能力考查的一个重要方面。《中国英语等级量表》对高中阶段的英语学习要求为四级，其中对词汇能力的要求为：能理解语境中单词和词组的字面意义和引申意义，如“I have a headache.” 和“He is a headache.”。由此可见，英语词汇学习仅靠简单地背诵课本上的释义已不能满足高考的要求，应尽量多地接触、理解和记忆词汇的多种常见意义。

品句会意

1.（2020·全国乙卷C篇） However， race walking does not pound the body as much as running does， Dr. Norberg says.

2.（2020·全国乙卷D篇） These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they？蒺re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.

3. （2020·全國乙卷D篇） Strano？蒺s team found that they could create a faint light for three？鄄and？鄄a？鄄half hours.

4.（2020·全国乙卷D篇） Since lighting is often far removed from the power source（电源）—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway—a lot of energy is lost during transmission（传输）.

5.（2020·全国乙卷D篇） “We？蒺re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day，” explained Michael Strano， a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.

6. （2020·全国乙卷完形填空） If we admit it is a door， they？蒺ll want to go outside constantly. It will drive us crazy.

7. （2020·全国甲卷D篇） Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.

8. （2020·全国甲卷D篇） What does the author call on other writers to do？  A. Sponsor book fairs.

9.（2020·全国甲卷七选五） In any given office， employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond， and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge.

10.（2020·全国甲卷完形填空） There， among many other things， Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look nice above his dining room table.

11. （2020·全国甲卷完形填空） The family called the Italian Culture Ministry; the official confirmed that the paintings were originals and worth as much as $50 million.

12. （2020·全国甲卷语法填空） This is why decorating with plants， fruits and flowers carries special significance.

13.（2020·全国甲卷语法填空） The plum trees are the first to flower even as the snow is melting（融化）.

14.（2020·全国甲卷语法填空） They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.

15. （2020·全国丙卷B篇） Already， a number of films， including “Water for Elephants，” “The Hangover Part Ⅱ” and “Zookeeper，” have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven？蒺t been treated properly.

16. （2020·全国丙卷B篇） The creative team behind “Apes” used motion？鄄capture （动作捕捉） technology to create digitalized animals ， spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor？蒺s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image （图像）.

17. （2020·全国丙卷C篇） Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted.

18. （2020·全国丙卷C篇） The doorway to peace and quiet， for Nick Bright at least， leads straight to his mother？鄄in？鄄law： she lives on the ground floor， while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.

19. （2020·全国丙卷C篇） “We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，” says Kathryn Whitehead.

20. （2020·全国丙卷完形填空） I remember the first really difficult customer we had at Covent Garden.

21. （2020·全国丙卷完形填空） That taught me a valuable lesson and I pass it on to the people who work in the market.

22. （2020·全国丙卷完形填空） She was displeased with absolutely everything， nothing was right and I was rather surprised that she became a “regular”.

23. （2020·全国丙卷完形填空） If a customer is rude or difficult， just think “Maybe she？蒺s had a row with her husband...”

24. （2020·全国丙卷语法填空） And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops， he was reduced to tears.

25. （2019·全国乙卷B篇） But he？蒺s nervous. “I？蒺m here to tell you today why you should...should...” Chris trips on the “？鄄ld，” a pronunciation difficulty for many non？鄄native English speakers.

26.（2019·全国乙卷D篇） The likables？蒺 plays？鄄well？鄄with？鄄others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships， jump？鄄start interpersonal skills and， when tapped early， are employed ever after in life and work.

27. （2019·全国乙卷七选五） Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. While the sun？蒺s rays can age and harm our skin， they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.

28. （2019·全国乙卷完形填空） The crowds might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers（冰川） are disappearing， changing the face of Kilimanjaro.

29. （2019·全国乙卷完形填空） The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off.

30.（2019·全國乙卷完形填空） This view is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems （生态系统） in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest.

31.（2019·全国乙卷完形填空） I count twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4，000 meters is the highland desert： gravel （砾石）， stones and rocks.

32.（2019·全國乙卷语法填空） Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating （聚集） around human settlements， leading to the illusion （错觉） that populations are higher than they actually are.

33. （2019·全国甲卷A篇） After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world？蒺s population， a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left.

34. （2019·全国甲卷B篇） Still， most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more...

35. （2019·全国丙卷B篇） Earlier this year， the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China？鄄inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art， with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics （美学） on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries.

36. （2019·全国丙卷D篇） On one part of the screen， a symbol would appear， and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example， the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8.