张帆
[关键词]初中英语课堂教学;三维目标;情感态度与价值观;德育学科渗透
2021年国家教育部颁发《改革纲要》中明确提出:国家课程标准是教材编写、教学、评估和考试命题的依据,是国家管理和评价课程的基础,应体现国家对不同阶段的学生在知识与技能、过程与方法、情感态度与价值观等方面的基本要求。后总结为教育教学过程中应该达到的三个目标维度,即:知识与技能(Knowledge & skills);过程与方法(Process & steps );情感态度与价值观(emotional attitude & values)。“三维目标”是一个教学目标的三个方面,而不是三个独立的教学目标,它们是统一的不可分割的整体。
英语学科作为贯穿基础教育始终的重要学科,对学生的情感态度与价值观,即德育教育,有着重要的作用。目前,英语教学中存在着“重智育轻德育、重知识轻道德实践”的现象,导致德育渗透仪式不强,方法过于简单,甚至认为德育是班主任的工作,科任教师只负责传授学科知识,这些错误观点会导致英语学科德育渗透缺失,加大班主任德育工作难度,错失学科德育教育良機。
一、初中英语课堂教学德育渗透的重要性
(一)学科德育渗透的效果反作用于初中英语学科教学
学科渗透可以将德育教育蕴含在学科教育中,从而使学生形成健康的生活情趣、端庄的仪表态度、文明的言谈举止、规范的日常行为、正确的学习动机以及顽强的意志品质等,这些优秀的品质会反作用于学生的学习,对学生学习有着重要的正面作用。
(二)学科德育渗透教育使初中英语教师得到尊重与信任
初中阶段是学生自我意识增强及产生主观判断的重要阶段,在此阶段进行学科德育渗透,会使学生在这一过程中感受到来自任课教师的正向阳光的世界观和价值观,得到正确引导的同时,也会对教师充满信任与认可。
(三)学科德育渗透使初中英语学科的学科重要性得到提高
随着初中英语中考分值分布及考试形式的改变,初中英语教学面临的挑战越来越大。学生英语的提高难度加大,听力、口语及笔试各部分所花费的精力越来越大,并且很难做到均衡有效分布。英语教师如果仍然单一地进行学科知识的传授,可能会导致基础相对薄弱的学生因为听不懂课堂内容而产生厌学情绪。因此,加强英语课堂的趣味性,根据教学内容进行德育渗透,会让这部分学生对英语课堂有全新的认识,即使英语知识的学习仍有不同程度的难度,但是可以降低抵触心理,产生兴趣并重新重视英语课堂学习。
二、初中英语课堂教学德育渗透的实施策略
深圳初中阶段英语学科使用的教材是《深圳牛津版英语教材》,故本文的实施策略以此教材中的教学内容为范本进行解析。根据学生的年龄特点设置适合学生讨论的问题,让学生在讨论过程中,既得到英语语言输出的锻炼,又获得相关的道德教育,潜移默化地建立学生们正确的人生观、世界观和价值观。
(一)善待他人,尊敬师长
教材单元:七(上)Unit 1,七(下)Unit 1,Unit3,Unit7,八(下)Unit 1,九(上)Unit 3.
教材话题:Make friends. People around us. A blind man and his eyes. My dad. Voluntary work. Family life in cities.
问题设置:
1. What kind of people do you want to make friends with?
2. What can we do if we see some people being in danger?
3. How to help disabled persons?
4. How to show your love to your parents?
5. What kind of life do you like? What can you do to make your life colourful?
6. What kind of voluntary work have you done?
(二)热爱生活,遵守规则
教材单元:七(上)Unit 2,Unit 4,七(下)Unit 2,九(上)Unit 4.
教材话题:Daily life. Seasons. Body language. Aunt Alice’s answers.
问题设置:
1. If you have some trouble, what will you do ?
2. Please list some rules in our life.
3. Do you have some problems in your daily life? Please list them.
4. Do you usually use body language? What are they?
(三)保护环境,从我做起
教材单元:七(上)Unit 3,七(下)Unit 4,Unit 5,九(下)Unit 3.
教材话题:Protect the earth. Tree in our daily lives. Water talks. The world is in danger.
问题设置:
1. What can you do to protect the earth in your daily lives?
2. How to protect trees?
3. How to show your love to your parents?
4. What kinds of activities are bad for environment?
(四)发展特长,勇于挑战
教材单元:七(上)Unit 7,Unit 8,七(下)Unit 8,九(上)Unit 5, 九(下)Unit 2,Unit 5.
教材话题:Clubs. Unusual collections. My lifetime hobby, Surprises at the studio, Skiing: An unforgettable experience. Living in another country. English week.
问题设置:
1. What kind of hobby do you have?
2. What kind of things do you like collect?
3. What can you do to let your hobby be your job in future?
4. What is your unforgettable experience?
5. What did you do in English week?
(五)学习名著,开拓思维
教材单元:八(上)Unit 1,Unit 2,Unit 6,八(下)Uint 8, 九(上)Unit 7,Unit 8.
教材话题:Look it up! The king and the rice. Life in two thousand and fifty. Tom Sawyer. One dollar and eighty- seven cents.
问题设置:
1. Which book do you like best? Please introduce it to us.
2. What can you learn from Tom Sawyer?
3. What kind person is clever in your mind?
4. Please make a story by yourself.
5. What kind of life do you want to have in future?
(六)了解歷史,探索世界
教材单元:七(上)Unit 5,Unit 6,七(下)Unit 2,八(上)Unit 6,八(下)Unit 3,九(上)Unit 5.
教材话题:Travel to space. Visiting Shanghai. France is calling. Trojan horse. Fishing with birds. An exchange visit.
问题设置:
1. Please tell us your unforgettable travel.
2. Please introduce Shenzhen to others.
3. Which city do you want to go? Why?
4. Please imagine your school life in high school.
(七)科学饮食,健康生活
教材单元:九(上)Unit 6,九(下)Unit 6
教材话题:What is a balanced diet? How to lead a balanced life?
问题设置:
1. What kind of food do you like best? Why?
2. What do you think of the balanced diet?
3. What can you do to lead a balanced life?
4. Please share your balanced life to others.
(八)爱护动物,尊重生命
教材单元:八(下)Unit 5,Unit 6,九(下)Unit 4.
教材话题:The giant panda. Head to head. The great flood.
问题设置:
7. Do you like to see animals in the zoo? What do you usually do in the zoo?
8. What can we do to protect the animals around us?
9. If you are facing a disaster, what you will do to protect yourself and people around you?
10. What do you think of the stray dogs and cats in your community?
(九)了解科技,创新思维
教材单元:七(上)Unit 6,八(上)Unit 3,Unit 4,Unit 7,八(下)Unit 4。
教材话题:Electricity all around. Computer facts. Great inventions. Memory corner. How to make a cartoon.
问题设置:
1. What can we do to make good use of computer?
2. What can we do to use electricity except making light?
3. What do you like to invent? Can you tell me what your idea is?
4. What do you think of science?
(十)学习智者,树立榜样
教材单元:九(上)Unit 1,Unit2,九(下)Unit 1。
教材话题:Archimedes and the golden crown. Tow geniuses. The voyages of Zheng He.
問题设置:
1. How to be a wise person?
2. What kind of good quality is the most important?
3. Who is the wise person in our class?
4. Do you want to be a wise person? What should you do now?
三、初中英语课堂教学德育渗透的几点思考
(一)初中学生英语知识储备有限,教师在英语课堂进行德育渗透的过程中,纯英语的表述会对德育教育效果产生影响。因此,可在德育渗透过程中,注意提问及教学引导的难度设置及适当的中文引导。
(二)英语教师需要选择适合学生发散性思维讨论的话题,让学生有兴趣说,有话可说,并鼓励学生进行小组讨论,在互动的过程中提升德育水平,并有效锻炼英语口语表达。
(三)英语课堂德育渗透的方式可以多种多样,不限于话题讨论,可以表演、辩论、设计手抄报等,也可以只是简单的几句话的引导或抛出一个有德育教育意义的时事,让学生课后加以思考。
总之,初中英语教学课堂并不只是英文知识传授的基地,更应该成为德育教育的阵地。尽管外语教学多数时间是将国外的文化或知识介绍给学生,但是我们自己国家的文化自豪感和道德品质才是作为中国人应该首要具备的。坚持初中英语课堂德育渗透,是初中英语教师应该也必须重视,并在日常课堂教学中加以落实的任务。