徐玥声 杨金花 白新发
摘要:目的:觀察环状混合痔行错位外剥内扎联合内括约肌侧切术治疗的临床疗效。方法:选取我院肛肠科于2019年3月~2020年3月收治的50例环状混合痔患者为研究对象,均采用错位外剥内扎联合内括约肌侧切术治疗,并配合美辛唑酮红古豆醇酯栓塞肛止痛,痔核脱落期需配合口服双氯芬酸钠缓释胶囊,行腔内磁疗、按摩、扩肛治疗。结果:50例环状混合痔患者术后恢复良好,平均愈合时间为21天,无大出血患者,术口疼痛均能忍受,排便恐惧感轻。参照《中医病证诊断疗效标准》,术后2个月随访复查治愈47例,好转3例,无效0例,疗效满意。结论:环状混合痔行错位外剥内扎联合内括约肌侧切术治疗的效果确切,优越于传统单一的外剥内扎术治疗环状混合痔。环状混合痔行错位外剥内扎联合内括约肌侧切术治疗能够减少出血量、减轻疼痛、术后并发症少、恢复快,值得临床上推广与应用。
关键词:错位外剥内扎;内括约肌侧切术;环状混合痔;临床疗效
【中图分类号】R657.1+8 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1673-9026(2020)04-006-02
Clinical Observation of the Treatment of Circular Mixed Hemorrhoids by Lateral incisor of Internal Sphincter Combined With Dislocation of External Stripping and Internal Ligation
Xu Yuesheng,Yang Jinhua,Bai Xinfa
(Department of Proctology, Fengqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Lincang, Yunnan 675900)
[Abstract] Objective: To observe the clinical effect of the treatment of circular mixed hemorrhoids by dislocation of external stripping and internal ligation combined with internal sphincter lateral excision. Methods: Our hospital anus bowel division in March 2019 to March 2020 were 50 cases of circumferential mixed hemorrhoid patients as the research object, adopt misalignment within the outer peel with internal sphincter lateral cut in therapy, and cooperate with the beautiful sheen sanzuotong ancient red bean alcohol ester embolism anal pain, haemorrhoids shedding period need to cooperate with the oral diclofenac sodium sustained-release capsules and improperness in magnetic therapy, massage, expanding anus treatment. Results: The 50 patients with circular mixed hemorrhoids recovered well after operation, the average healing time was 21 days, there were no patients with massive hemorrhage, the operative pain was tolerable, and the fear of defecation was light. According to the standard of Curative effect for diagnosis of Diseases and Syndromes of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 47 cases were cured, 3 cases were improved, and 0 cases were invalid, with satisfactory curative effect. Conclusion: The effect of the combined treatment of circumferential mixed hemorrhoids by dislocation external stripping and internal ligation combined with lateral incisor of internal sphincter is definite, which is superior to the traditional single external stripping and internal ligation in the treatment of circular mixed hemorrhoids. The treatment of annular mixed hemorrhoids by dislocation external stripping and internal ligation combined with lateral incisor of internal sphincter can reduce blood loss, relieve pain, reduce postoperative complications and recover quickly, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.
【Key words】 Dislocation external stripping internal binding; Lateral excision of internal sphincter; Circumferential mixed hemorrhoids; Clinical curative effect
混合痔是以发生于肛门同一方位齿线上下,静脉曲张形成团块,内外相连、无明显分界为主要表现的痔类疾病。初期仅以内痔或外痔为主的一种,属单发或两个以下痔核,随着病情发展,痔核逐渐增大,肛缘环状或接近环状肿物突起,痔体间界限消失或基本消失,腹压增高时,内痔环形脱出,齿线下移至肛缘或肛缘以下[1]。环状混合痔是混合痔发展后期,痔体间界限消失、环形突起或脱出,采用单一的外剥内扎术常常存在痔核切除不彻底需多次手术及切除过多至肛门狹窄的矛盾,且术后术口疼痛、皮桥水肿等并发症较多。我院肛肠科采用错位外剥内扎联合内括约肌侧切术治疗环状混合痔观察50例,疗效满意,现报告如下:
1.资料与方法
1.1一般资料
选取我院肛肠科于2019年3月~2020年3月收治的50例环状混合痔患者为研究对象,其中男33例,女17例,年龄31-54岁,均符合环状混合痔诊断,非手术治疗无明显疗效,年老体弱、肛门松弛的患者除外。
1.2治疗方法
手术步骤:患者行骶管麻醉成功后转截石位。常规消毒大腿内侧及会阴部皮肤,铺无菌孔巾。碘伏棉球消毒肛管及直肠下端。于5点位或7点位肛旁作一切口,弯钳进入括约肌间沟挑出部分内括约肌约0.5-1cm至齿线处,切开,扩肛达4指。钳夹11点位外痔顶部,沿肛缘做一“V”形切口,游离皮下组织至齿线处,剥离切除曲张静脉丛、血栓,钳夹相应内痔,钳下10号丝线结扎,剪除痔核残端,修剪切缘,适当延长并对合切口。术口出血点予电刀止血。同法处理1、3、5、7点位痔,必要时再处理9点位痔。避免结扎点位于同一平面,并注意保留皮桥、粘膜桥。肛周以罗哌卡因+亚甲蓝注射长效止痛。再次检查切口无出血,肛内纳入复方角菜酸酯栓、美辛唑酮红古豆醇酯栓,填塞止血纱布,塔棉加压,丁字带包扎平卧安返病房。
术后常规使用抗生素3天,手术日进食半流质饮食,术后第一日开始正常饮食,避免辛辣刺激食品,便秘者使用聚乙二醇4000散协助通便。每日用我科协定中药方三黄洗剂外洗,配合马应龙痔疮膏、美辛唑酮红古豆醇酯栓外用塞肛,疼痛甚者加予双氯芬酸钠缓释胶囊口服止痛,初期用黄连纱条于切口换药,1周后根据患者切口生长情况使用生肌玉红膏纱条换药促进创面愈合。
1.3疗效判定
参照《中医病证诊断疗效标准》[2]中的有关内容判定临床疗效。①治愈: 症状消失,痔块消除; ②好转: 症状改善,痔块缩小; ③无效:症状和体征均无变化。
2.结果
50例环状混合痔患者术后恢复良好,平均愈合时间为21天,无大出血患者,术口疼痛均能忍受,排便恐惧感轻,配合美辛唑酮红古豆醇酯栓塞肛就能达到较好止痛效果,7例患者于痔核脱落期需配合口服双氯芬酸钠缓释胶囊。皮桥水肿6例。其中2例肛门轻度狭窄,行腔内磁疗、按摩、扩肛治疗后缓解。
参照《中医病证诊断疗效标准》,术后2个月随访复查治愈47例,好转3例,无效0例,疗效满意。
3.分析讨论
环状混合痔属肛肠科难治疾病之一,采用单一的外剥内扎术一次性切除过多痔核容易导致肛门狭窄。而切除过少则容易复发需多次手术,增加患者负担和痛苦。错位结扎虽能减少肛门狭窄的风险,但仍会因切口过多、皮肤粘膜损伤过多而加重患者术口疼痛,进而加重皮桥水肿,甚至引起皮桥断裂等。因肛门内括约肌是消化道环形肌层,属不随意肌,保持平滑肌特性,受到刺激时容易痉挛。手术中损伤、局部疼痛刺激引起肛门内括约肌持续性痉挛, 可产生排便困难和剧痛, 而内括约肌持续性痉挛使局部血液 、淋巴回流障碍, 引起肛缘水肿, 水肿刺激局部神经末梢加重肛门疼痛, 疼痛刺激内括约肌持续性痉挛又加重了水肿的发生。术中侧位切断部分内括约肌能有效地解除其持续性痉挛, 解除直肠颈高压, 改善肛管直肠血液循环, 有效缓解术后疼痛 、肛缘水肿的并发症[3]。另外,肛门内括约肌有协助排便的功能,而无括约肛门的功能,部分切断后也不会引起排便失禁。我科采用错位结扎联合内括约肌侧切术治疗环状混合痔疗效满意,值得临床推广。
【参考文献】:
[1]安阿玥,肛肠病学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1999:99.
[2] 国家中医药管理局.中医病证诊断疗效标准[M].南京: 南京大学出版社,1995: 201-202.
[3]刘大勇,等.高低交错内扎外剥加内括约肌侧切术治疗混合痔 132 例体会[J].宁夏医学杂志,1999,21( 10):614.
[4]梁晓东.外剥内扎皮桥整形加侧切术治疗环状混合痔180例[J].蛇志,2018,03(05):222-223.