摘 要:高考英语一卷里,不论哪个英语水平的学生,都是七选五上都失分最多。一方面,学生做题只顾句意,而忽略文章结构,而且学生对上下文逻辑关系判断不准确。另一方面,学生做题没有章法,缺乏技巧,胡子眉毛一把抓。针对这一问题,本文旨在探讨七选五题型的做题技巧和策略,并通过理论运用于习题中,来提高学生七选五的正确率。
关键词:七选五;技巧策略;策略运用
一、七选五解题策略
在近几年英语试卷中多个地区采用“七选五”型阅读理解题,试题模式为:给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章,七个选项,根据文章结构、内容,选出正确的句子,填入相应的空白处。其文体特点:短文(说明文居多)或对话。选项特点:选项大致可分为:主旨概括句(文章整体内容);过渡性句子(文章结构);注释性句子(上下文逻辑意义)这三类。针对题型特点,七选五的解题策略包括:行为结构法;逻辑关系法;关键词法;指示代词法;标题句法。
二、策略运用于实践
1.行为结构法:标准的七选五结构基本都是总分式,第一段总得提出问题,随后段落分说方法论。段落里也会出现并列句式。现以2014年全国一卷为例来说明:
Tips for cooking on a Tight Schedule
From my experience,there are three main reasons why people dont cook more often:ability,money and time,_36_Money is a topic Ill save for another day.So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen.Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule:
B.Ability is easily improved.
解析:先將句意搁置,从宏观角度观察篇章结构。该段落属于总分式结构,主题句是“From my experience,there are three main reasons...:ability,money and time”,而下文提到了“money”和“time”,可推测空36应该会谈论“ability”,即选出答案B。
2.逻辑关系法:英语的句、段之间经常会运用关联词或某些具有关联作用的副词表示衔接或过渡,使文章逻辑更清楚和连贯,因此学生要紧抓文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系(转折、让步、因果、并列、递进和解释说明)。现以13年全国二卷为例:
How to Make Friends
There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town,or changed our jobs or schools.Such changes often leave us without a friend 71.But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage.Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends.
E.Making new friends comes easy for some people.
解析:空71下文出现了转折词“but”再根据句意可知上文肯定与“difficult”意思相反,所以可以直接将选项定位到E。
3.关键词法:也叫原词复现,同义词或者近义词复现。原词在下文反复出现是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段。所以学生大可以用这个技巧去缩小选项范围。此处以15年全国一卷为例:
Building Trust in a Relationship Again
39 If youve been betrayed,you are the victim of your circumstance.But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”.At some point in all of our lives,well have our trust tested or violated.
C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
4.整段都在围绕“victim”展开来说明“在一段友谊中,即使找遭遇到背叛或者信任危机,都不能将自己视为这段关系的受害者”。“victim”在文中总共出现了三次,对应答案就是C。
指示代词法:在精读各段和各选项的过程中,一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或指示代词,特别是选项中以及空格前后句中出现的代词,充分理解代词所指代的名词或句子,从而有助于选出最选项。用17年全国二卷举例说明:
If you have a door to your office,make good use of it.40 .If someone knocks and its not an important matter.Excuse yourself and let the person know youre busy so they can get the hint(暗示)than when the door is closed,youre not to be disturbed.
G.Leave it open when youre available to talk and close it when youre not
解析:此文讲的是如何避免别人打扰,根据句首“a door”可知其中的一个方法是保持自己办公室门敞开,这样就方便自己随时结束与来客谈话。而选项G中的“it”就指代的是“leave a door open”,故选G。
5.标题句法:一般的七选五的标题句,其作用是总结概括该段大意。其特点短小精悍,多以祈使句出现,句式对应,结构一致。但现在高考全国卷的七选五再没有出现标黑的主题句,也就加大了做题难度,这就需要学生纵观全文,擦亮眼睛,仔细观察。例子如下:
Recognize the problem
...This is an important way to decide exactly how much you need to cut down.
Shopping or spending money when you feel upset,angry,lonely,or anxious
Feeling lost or lonely without your credit cards
Consistently purchasing with credit rather than cash
38
Spending lots of your time trying to manage money and bills to accommodate your spending habits
A.Lying about your spending habits or the cost of specific items.
解析:經观察空38为标题句,根据其上下标题句的特点都是以“现在分词”的结构开始,所以答案就缩小到选项A,在结合句意讲的是“人们为什么会购物上瘾”,最终确定答案为A。
以上便是七选五有效的解题技巧。但此处需要提醒的是英语习题的一切技巧都是建立在一定词汇量的基础上,能读懂语篇才是王道,技巧只起到辅助作用。
参考文献
[1]陈琳等.普通高中英语课程标准(实验)解读[M].南京:江苏教育出版社,2003.
作者简介:
张娇,1989年出生,性别女,汉族,籍贯丹凤县,现就职于陕西省西安中学,学历:硕士研究生,职称:中教一级。主要研究方向:跨文化交际。
(作者单位:西安中学)