王英 蒋鹏飞 潘坤 彭俊 徐剑 彭清华
[摘要] 目的 觀察滋阴明目丸对RCS大鼠视网膜Fas/FasL表达的影响。 方法 选择RCS大鼠,(1.51±0.27)月龄,共24只,按随机数字表法将其分为三组:空白组、模型组、滋阴明目丸组(雌雄各4只,n = 8)。空白组:RCS(rdy+/+,p+/+)大鼠,灌胃生理盐水;模型组:RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)大鼠,灌胃生理盐水;滋阴明目丸组:RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)大鼠,灌胃滋阴明目丸。灌胃30 d后,免疫组化染色观察标本视网膜各层结构的形态学变化,Western blot法测定RCS大鼠视网膜Fas/FasL表达水平。 结果 免疫组化染色结果显示:空白组大鼠视网膜各层结构清晰;模型组大鼠视网膜的厚度低于空白组,且各层结构不清晰;滋阴明目丸组大鼠视网膜厚度低于空白组但高于模型组,视网膜各层结构较清晰。Western blot法检测结果显示:滋阴明目丸组大鼠视网膜Fas、FasL蛋白相对表达量明显低于模型组,差异有高度统计学意义(P < 0.01)。 结论 滋阴明目丸对视网膜的超微结构具有保护作用,能抑制视网膜上Fas/FasL的表达,从而减轻视网膜感光细胞的凋亡,达到保护视细胞的目的。
[关键词] 滋阴明目丸;RCS大鼠;Fas/FasL;细胞凋亡
[中图分类号] R774.1 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2019)06(a)-0025-04
Effects of Ziyin Mingmu Pills on the expression of Fas/FasL in the retina of RCS rats
WANG Ying1,2 JIANG Pengfei1,2 PAN Kun1,2 PENG Jun2,3 XU Jian1,2 PENG Qinghua1,2,3
1.College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hu′nan University of Chinese Medicine, Hu′nan Province, Changsha 410208, China; 2.Hu′nan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Hu′nan Province, Changsha 410208, China; 3.Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hu′nan University of Chinese Medicine, Hu′nan Province, Changsha 410007, China
[Abstract] Objective To observe the effect of Ziyin Mingmu Pills on the expression of Fas/FasL in the retina of RCS rats. Methods The RCS rats were selected, aged (1.51±0.27) months, total 24 rats, they were randomly divided into 3 groups: blank group, model group, Ziyin Mingmu Pills group (4 male and 4 female, n = 8). Blank group: RCS (rdy+/+, p+/+) rats were given normal saline by intragastric administration; model group: RCS (rdy-/-, p-/-) rats were given normal saline by intragastric administration; Ziyin Mingmu Pills group: RCS (rdy-/-, p-/-) rats were given Ziyin Mingmu Pills by intragastric administration. After intragastric administration for 30 d, the morphological changes of each layer of the retina sample were observed by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of Fas/FasL in the retina of rats were determined by Western blot. Results The results of immunohistochemistry showed that each layer of retinal structure of the rats in the blank group was clear; the thickness of retina in the model group was lower than that in the blank group and the structure of each layer of retina was not clear; the retinal thickness of Ziyin Mingmu Pills group was lower than that of blank group but higher than that of blank group, the structure of each layer of retina was clear. The results of Western blot assay showed that the relative expression of Fas, FasL protein in the retina of Ziyin Mingmu Pills group was lower than that in the model group, the difference was highly statistically significant (P < 0.01). Conclusion Ziyin Mingmu Pills has a protective effect on the ultrastructure of retina, which can inhibit the expression of Fas/FasL of the retina and reduce the apoptosis of retinal photoreceptor cells, thus achieving the purpose of protecting visual cells.
[Key words] Ziyin Mingmu Pills; RCS rats; Fas/FasL; Cell apoptosis
视网膜色素变性(retinitis pigmentosa,RP)又称为色素性视网膜营养不良,是一种遗传性视网膜感光细胞的退行性变,其遗传方式有常染色体显性遗传[1]、隐性遗传[2]及性连锁隐性遗传[3]等,性连锁隐性遗传较为少见,但视力损害最为严重。多数患者在青少年时期发病,发病隐匿,常有视网膜电图(electroretinogram,ERG)异常[4],初始症状仅有夜盲,继而视野缩小,晚期仅残留中央管状视野,对患者生活质量影响较大[5]。RP的视力损伤主要与视网膜感光细胞的凋亡有关[6],故本文以RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)大鼠为研究对象,通过观察滋阴明目丸对RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)大鼠视网膜结构及凋亡相关因子的影响,探讨其治疗RP的生物分子学机制。
1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
1.1.1 实验动物 RCS大鼠,SPF级,16只RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)大鼠,8只RCS(rdy+/+,p+/+)大鼠,均雌雄各半,体重75~130 g,鼠龄(1.51±0.27)月龄,质量合格证号:2016 14068。RCS大鼠为遗传性RP大鼠,广泛用于RP的实验研究[8],RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)大鼠为已有RP大鼠,无需再次造模;RCS(rdy+/+,p+/+)大鼠为未有RP病变大鼠。
1.1.2 主要仪器 电泳仪(北京六一仪器厂);轮转石蜡切片机(徕卡);台式高速冷冻离心机(Thermo);数码医学图像分析系统(深圳市沅恒科技有限公司);扫描仪(日本Canon)等。
1.1.3 主要试药 滋阴明目丸(湖南中医药大学第一附属医院药剂科);Fas(武汉默沙克生物科技有限公司,批号:kt54223,稀释度1∶100);FasL(武汉默沙克生物科技有限公司,批号:kt21599,稀释度1∶100)。
1.2 实验动物分组
将8只RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)公鼠通过随机数字表法分为模型组(4只)和滋阴明目丸组(4只);8只RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)母鼠同样方法分为模型组(4只)和滋阴明目丸(4)只。空白组:RCS(rdy+/+,p+/+)大鼠(8只)。
1.3 给药方法
大鼠購回1周后进行灌胃,灌胃时间为30 d,每日灌胃1次。模型组和空白组灌胃蒸馏水(剂量:12 mL/kg);滋阴明目丸组灌胃滋阴明目丸悬浊溶液(由滋阴明目丸溶于蒸馏水而成,剂量:7.8 g/kg)。实验过程中动物的处理符合中华人民共和国科学技术部2006年颁布的实验动物治疗指导意见的规定。
1.4 取材方法
灌胃第30天结束后取材,麻醉RCS大鼠后,迅速摘取两只眼球,处死大鼠,在显微镜下去除多余组织,分离视网膜备行HE染色和Western blot检测。
1.5 观察指标
1.5.1 免疫组化法观察各组大鼠视网膜结构改变 经浸蜡、脱蜡、洗蜡、复水组织切片、滴加Fas/FasL一抗、DAB溶液显色、复染、脱水、封片等步骤,在光学显微镜下观察并拍照。
1.5.2 Western blot法检测Fas/FasL蛋白表达情况 经蛋白样品制备、取上清液、测定蛋白质含量、凝胶电泳、显色等步骤,凝胶图像分析。
1.6 统计学方法
采用SPSS 23.0软件分析,计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,进行正态性和方差齐性检验,多组比较采用单因素方差分析(One way-ANOVA),以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 RCS大鼠视网膜组织结构
空白组:视网膜色素各层结构清晰(图1A,封四)。模型组:视网膜结构不清,厚度低于空白组(图1B,封四)。滋阴明目丸组:视网膜厚度低于空白组,高于模型组,视网膜结构较模型组清晰(图1C,封四)。
2.2 各组RCS大鼠视网膜Fas/FasL蛋白表达情况
Fas蛋白表达情况:模型组蛋白表达最高,滋阴明目丸组次之,空白组蛋白表达最低。FasL蛋白表达情况:模型组蛋白表达最高,滋阴明目丸组次之,空白组蛋白表达最低。见图2。经检验,各组Fas、FasL蛋白相对表达均符合正态分布,且方差齐性,行单因素方差分析结果显示,各组Fas、FasL蛋白相对表达差异有高度统计学意义(P < 0.05),两两比较结果显示,模型组Fas及FasL蛋白相对表达均明显高于空白组(P < 0.01),滋阴明目丸组FasL蛋白相对表达亦明显高于空白组(P < 0.01);滋阴明目丸组Fas及FasL蛋白相对表达均明显低于模型组(P < 0.01)。见表1。
3 讨论
视网膜感光细胞是视觉形成的重要细胞[6],而感光细胞的凋亡是RP视力下降的主要原因,感光细胞的凋亡受到相关基因的调控[7]。视网膜感光细胞很脆弱,一旦受损,便无法再生[8]。Fas/FasL系统介导的受体途径是细胞凋亡的经典途径之一[9]。FasL是Fas的天然配体,Fas与配体FasL结合后,通过一系列反应过程,引起细胞凋亡[10-13]。Fas/FasL系统在各类细胞凋亡中发挥重要作用,如肿瘤细胞[14-16]、组织缺血/再灌注损伤后的细胞凋亡[17]等。在视网膜各类细胞凋亡中,也有Fas/FasL系统的大量表达[18],本研究发现滋阴明目丸组经过30 d灌胃治疗后,视网膜Fas、FasL的蛋白相对表达明显低于模型组,这提示在RP的感光细胞凋亡中,存在Fas/FasL系统的调控,而滋阴明目丸可以抑制Fas/FasL系统的表达,从而抑制视网膜感光细胞的凋亡。
RP属于中医“高风内障”范畴,其主要病机为本虚标实,虚中夹瘀,且血瘀贯穿RP的始终[19-24]。已有研究证实,存在RP的RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)大鼠具有“虚中夹瘀”证候[5,25-27],这与RP的中医病机一致,故在临床上治疗RP可取得较好的疗效。
本研究发现滋阴明目丸可以抑制RP大鼠感光细胞的凋亡,其机制可能是抑制了Fas/FasL系统调控的凋亡途径,从而改善视网膜组织结构和视功能。
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(收稿日期:2018-10-12 本文编辑:张瑜杰)