许旭丽 王东梅
[摘要]目的 探讨子宫内膜异位症患者术后使用促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRHa)+口服避孕药等序贯用药对其复发率的影响。方法 选取2014年1月~2017年1月我院收治的行保守性手术(包括开腹方式和腹腔镜方式)治疗的131例子宮内膜异位症患者作为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(65例)和观察组(66例)。对照组患者单用GnRHa治疗,观察组患者采用GnRHa+口服避孕药序贯治疗。两组均在术后第1~2天予醋酸戈舍瑞林缓释植入剂3.6 mg,皮下注射,每隔28 d 1次,共6次,观察组患者在使用3次醋酸戈舍瑞林缓释植入剂后,开始加用去氧孕烯炔雌醇片,1片/d,连服21片,共3个周期,直至醋酸戈舍瑞林缓释植入剂使用结束。通过比较两组患者的两年累积复发率及药物不良反应总发生率来观察两组患者的临床治疗效果。结果 观察组患者的两年累积复发率(9.1%)低于对照组(16.9%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者的药物不良反应总发生率(9.1%)低于对照组(38.5%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 子宫内膜异位症患者术后使用GnRHa+口服避孕药等序贯用药,可维持GnRHa治疗效果,降低患者复发风险,使患者易于接受长期治疗管理。
[关键词]子宫内膜异位症;促性腺激素释放激素激动剂;口服避孕药;复发率;药物不良反应
[中图分类号] R711.71 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2019)12(b)-0149-04
Application effect of sequential administration of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists + oral contraceptives in patients with endometriosis after operation
XU Xu-li WANG Dong-mei
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nansha Central Hospital, the First People′s Hospital in Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 511455, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of sequential administration of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) and oral contraceptives on the recurrence rate of patients with endometriosis. Methods A total of 131 patients with endometriosis treated by conservative surgery (including laparotomy and laparoscopy) in our hospital from January 2014 to January 2017 were selected as the study subjects. The patients were divided into control group (65 cases) and observation group (66 cases) by random number table method. The control group was treated with GnRHa alone, while the observation group was treated with GnRHa + oral contraceptive sequentially. The two groups were treated with Goserelin Acetate Sustained-Release Implant 3.6 mg at 1-2 days after operation, subcutaneously injected once every 28 days for 6 times. The observation group was treated with Goserelin Acetate Sustained-Release Implant 3 times, followed by Desogestrel and Ethinylestradiol Tablets, 1 tablet a day, 21 tablets were taken continuously for 3 cycles, until the use of Goserelin Acetate Sustained-Release Implant was over. The clinical effect of the two groups of patients was observed by comparing the two-year cumulative recurrence rate and the total incidence of adverse drug reactions. Results The two-year cumulative recurrence rate (9.1%) in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (16.9%), with statistical significance (P<0.05); the total incidence of adverse drug reactions (9.1%) in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (38.5%), with statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion Sequential administration of GnRHa + oral contraceptives after endometriosis surgery can maintain the therapeutic effect of GnRHa, reduce the risk of recurrence, and make patients easy to accept long-term treatment and management.
3.2子宫内膜异位症患者的术后药物治疗
目前治疗子宫内膜异位症的药物类别包括:非类固醇抗炎药、口服避孕药、高效孕激素、雄激素衍生物等,主要药包括:达那唑、孕三烯酮(商品名:内美通)、GnRHa、炔诺酮(妇康片)、甲孕酮(安宫黄体酮)、去氧孕烯炔雌醇片等。另外放置曼月乐环也是一种可选择的方法。达那唑是17-α-乙炔睾酮衍生物,有雄激素作用,抑制卵泡发育和排卵,对子宫内膜有直接抑制作用,长期使用可致内膜萎缩甚至死亡。常见副作用有:体重增加、痤疮、潮热、情绪急躁、皮肤油脂增多、阴道干涩和血脂、肝功能异常等。孕三烯酮的作用机理类似达那唑,副作用较达那唑稍轻。GnRHa是目前公认的治疗子宫内膜异位症最有效的药物,是发达国家最常用的药物,有亮丙瑞林、曲普瑞林、戈舍瑞林等,不良反应主要为雌激素过低引起的类似更年期综合症症状,体重增加不明显,对患者的血脂、肝功能一般无影响,长期用药可导致骨质丢失,但不增加骨质风险。孕激素类药物可直接作用于子宫内膜,使之过度蜕膜变,进而萎缩坏死,不良反应类似达那唑,还有恶心、呕吐等消化道不良反应。口服避孕药,新型药物如去氧孕烯炔雌醇片等因副作用较轻而受到推崇,依从性较好,辅助GnRHa治疗子宫内膜异位症的同时,还可以避孕[11-13]。本研究结果提示,观察组患者的药物不良反应总发生率(9.1%)低于对照组(38.5%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),提示去氧孕烯炔雌醇片輔助GnRHa治疗子宫内膜异位症,不仅没有降低其治疗效果,还大大减轻了GnRHa的不良反应。
3.3子宫内膜异位症患者术后GnRHa疗程的选择
国外一项回顾性队列研究[14],选取109例Ⅲ~Ⅳ期子宫内膜异位囊肿腹腔镜保守性手术后患者,将其随机分成4组:期待治疗、GnRHa治疗3个月组、GnRHa治疗4个月组和GnRHa治疗6个月组,随访上述四个组其1、2、3年的复发率,依次为5.4%/22.4%/37.9%、3.4%/12.5%/25.0%、0%/5.3%/5.3%,结果表明,保守性腹腔镜术后GnRHa治疗6个月,子宫内膜异位症患者的复发率降低明显,低至5.3%,低于治疗3、4个月(P<0.05)。国内一项Meta分析研究[15],也观察比较了不同GnRHa使用疗程对子宫内膜异位症患者复发率的影响,结果提示,术后使用GnRHa治疗3个月,对患者疾病复发的影响与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而使用GnRHa治疗6个月能显著降低子宫内膜异位症患者的复发率,提示子宫内膜异位症患者术后使用GnRHa治疗6个月的效果最佳。
子宫内膜异位症患者的术后症状复发率较高,年复发率可高达10%,因此,子宫内膜异位症患者的术后长期规范化管理十分必要,需要制定终身管理计划,以最大化药物治疗为目标,避免反复进行外科手术[16-19]。
综上所述,子宫内膜异位症患者术后使用GnRHa+口服避孕药等序贯用药方案,可以延长药物的使用期限,维持GnRHa治疗效果,降低复发风险,使患者易于接受长期的治疗和管理。
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(收稿日期:2019-05-24 本文编辑:孟庆卿)