邵 珺
由于文本的单词和句型量较大,在阅读前聚焦本课的主题“Weekends”,展开了以下教学环节。
Step 1.Pre-reading
T:What day is it today?
S:It’s Monday.
T:Yes.It’s school day.School days are from Monday to Friday.Buton Saturdays and Sundays,we don’t go to school.We call them weekend.
设计意图:通过谈论有关星期的话题,从而引出并理解weekend的含义。
T:At weekends,we don’t gotoschool.Wedoalot of things that we like.For example:watch TV,play football...Anything else?
设计意图:通过激活学生的思维,唤起学生对周末活动的回忆,同时也复习了已学的动词词组。
T:Do you like your weekends?How are your weekends?
S1:It’s happy.
T:I’m glad to hear that.What makes you feel happy?
S1:I of tenplay withmy friends.
S2:I’m busy and not happy.
T:I’m sorry to hear that.Why?
S2:Because I always have a lot of lessons at weekends.
…
设计意图:教师通过“Why?What makes you feel that?”等追问进一步激活并尝试评价自己的周末,为下面的语言学习做好准备。
T:What aboutmy weekends?Do you want to know?You can ask me:What do you usually do at weekends?Then I will tell you.
设计意图:在交流完学生们的周末之后,将话题引到教师的周末,让学生猜测询问,然后教师通过耳语的形式单独告诉提问的学生。通过这个环节,学生不仅理解并运用了问句 “What do you do at weekends?”,而且教师通过耳语的形式对答句也进行了输入。同时这种师生一问一答的形式,也激起了其他学生的极大兴趣。
T:Now,you know what I do at weekends,can you repeat what I tell you?
S1:I usually play with my kids.
S2:I sometimes go to the cinema.
…
设计意图:通过重复教师的周末活动,学生理解并学会了回答句型,同时在这部分中也适当铺垫了文本中部分动词词组和频率副词,为文本的后续学习适当减轻难度。
T:Now, let’s talk about our weekends in pairs.
设计意图:综合运用动词词组、频率副词及句型,尝试表达自己的周末活动并分享,在此过程中,学生虽然还不能完整准确地表述,但是能在理解的基础上尝试表达。
语言能力是英语学科核心素养中的核心,它既包括过去常说的听说读写等语言技能,也包括在一定语境中借助语言进行理解和表达的能力。本教学环节通过聚焦主题“Weekends”,从理解weekends激活学生对周末已有的语言体验;通过询问并重复教师周末活动,从而理解和生成新的语言;最后通过学生之间分享周末活动,从而丰富了语言。
思维品质是指一个人在学习过程中通过大脑进行分析、综合、判断、推理而对事物进行全面、深入认识的能力。英语学科主要培养学生的逻辑思维能力、批判性思维能力和个性化的创新能力。
Step 2.While-reading(1)
T:Just now, we talked about our weekends.How about our friends?Mike and SuHai are talking about their weekends too.Look at the pictures:What do you want to know?
S1:What do they do at weekends?
S2:How are the irwee kends?
S3:Do they feel happy at weekends?
S4:Whose weekends are they talking about?Anyone else?
…
T:Let’s watch the cartoon and find the answer.(根据学生提问,教师随机板书特殊疑问词whose,what,how,见图1)
设计意图:出示文本插图,学生观察图片,尝试自主提问,猜测文本中会讲述些什么?教师适时引导归纳和提练出三个特殊疑问词,以这三个疑问词,开始了文本脉络的解读。
T:Whose weekends are they talking about?Can you circle?
Ss:The twins,Mike and Helen.
T:Can you divide the text into three parts according their weekends? Please read the whole text quickly and divide it.Which part is talking about the twins’weekends? Whata bout Mike’s and Helen’s weekends?(学生在智能平板上标出根据人物划分的三个段落,见图2)
设计意图:梳理问题“Whose weekends are they talking about?”,从而明确文本讲述了三组人物。教师进一步让学生根据三组人物进行段落划分,其中难点在于Mike的周末活动分散在文本的两处,所以需要学生仔细分析,才能进一步厘清文本结构。通过让学生在智能平板上展示划分结果,既是给学生展示机会,也是展示学生思维判断与分析的过程。
语言和思维密不可分,思维的发展推动着语言的发展,语言的发展又促进思维的发展。阅读教学除了传授语言知识和加工处理文字信息之外,还要有意识地融入思维品质培养。而厘清脉络旨在通过创设问题情境引导学生通过分析、判断,逐步了解课文结构和大意,在这样的学习过程中,教师给了学生足够的学习和建构的机会,同时引领学生分析探究,拓展学生思维的广度和深度,促进思维能力的提高。
图1
图2
英语学习不仅需要在学英语、用英语的过程中学习策略,而且要形成学习英语的能力,为自主学习和可持续学习创造有利条件。教师要有意识地确定每一节课堂中的学习能力目标,设计针对性的教学活动。
Step 2.While-reading(2)
在厘清文本脉络的基础上,教师带领学生选择了“the twins’weekend”进行细读。
T:What do the twins’do atweekends? Let’slisten and circle.(见图3)
S1:Visit grandparents
T:What doesgr and parents mean?Can you say it in English?
S2:I tmeans the parents’father and mother.
T:Great.Do you love your grandparents?
S3:Yes.
T:What do you do for your grandparents?
S4:We often visit our grandparents.
S5:Weusuall ybuysome presents for our grandparents.
S6:We often help them do housework.
… (同理学习词组play with...)
T:Let’s try to read.
T:Let’s try to retell.
设计意图:通过Listen and circle,准确选择周末活动图片,这是初步感知语音和语义的过程。在具体学习新授单词grandparents时,因为学生已经学过parents,所以让学生尝试用英语释义,也是学习英语的方法之一。而“Do you love your grandparents?What do you do for your grandparents?”两个追问及回答的过程,是学生进一步理解生成和运用语言的过程。最后通过Read and retell,进一步巩固所学。
T:Let’s try to review.How dowelearn the twins’ weekends?
S1:First,listen and read.
S2:Next, we circle and learn the new phrases.
S3:Then,read and retell.
T:Ifyou have difficulties in new phrases,whatcan we do?
S4:We can ask our teacher.
S5:We can ask our classmates.
S6:We can study the text.
T:Now learn Helen and Mike’s weekends by yourselves.Please remember these tips and learn step by step.(见图4)
设计意图:在教师带领下细读完第一段后,引导学生回顾学习的方法及步骤,及时总结和反思学习方法,为下面自主学习提供学习支架。对于自学中的难点,如何完成新授单词的自学?教师进行提问,学生讨论交流,分享出各自的学习方法。
五年级学生要能主动用英语与他人交流,能共同完成学习任务,能针对学习中的问题共同探究,能开展互帮互学,帮扶有成效。从扶到放,教师从台前走到幕后,而学生在教师的启发帮助下,积极主动地、有计划地进行自主学习和参与合作学习,在自主学习和合作学习中逐渐培养起获取知识、信息和技能的能力。在培养学生学习能力的过程中,教师要有意识地用适当的方式加以引导,引导他们在尝试的过程中不断积累英语学习的方法,为他们在英语学习中逐步形成英语学习能力打下良好的基础。
图3
图4
语言是文化的载体,学习语言离不开对其背后文化的学习。就小学英语而言,文化品格是指在学习中了解中外文化的异同,具有国际视野,形成自己的文化立场与态度、文化认同感和文化鉴别能力。
Step 3.Post-reading
T:They do different things at weekends.How often do they do these things?
T:Let’s read and circle these frequency adverbs.
T:Let’s review their weekends.What do you think of their weekends?Why?
S1:I think Helen’s weekend is busy,because she always has dancing lessons.
S2:I think the twins’weekends are warm, because they usually visit their grandparents.
S3:I think Mike’s weekend ishealthy,because he usually plays football.
…
设计意图:通过让学生圈出文中的频率副词,学习并感知这些带有情感态度的副词,从而对文中人物的周末活动做出自己的评价。
T:Your evaluations are very good.What are the differences between the twins and Mike? What’s the difference between Chinese and western people?
S1:Chinese like to have a big lunch with family.
S2:Western people like to do sports.
…
T:Yes.In China,people like to visit their relatives and friends,have a big lunch together.In western countries,people like to go to countryside and go camping.
设计意图:文中的苏海和苏洋来自中国,而Mikes和Helen来自英国,通过比较,适当探讨了中西方周末文化的差异,开阔眼界,活跃思维,使认识更加充分深刻,从而提高阅读鉴赏力。
T:What abou tour weekend? First,let’slook atsome pictures of people’s weekends.Do they have a healthy and meaningful weekend?(出示一些周末不合理安排的照片)
T:Wenee dameaningful weekend.What should we do and not do?Can you give some good advices for us?(见图5)
S3:We should do some sports.
S4:We should help our parents do housework.
S5:We shouldn’tal ways play computer games.
…
T:Now,let’s make a plan for our dream weekend.(见图6)
(再次将话题回到最初的“Our weekends”。首先通过图片展示,反思周末活动的不合理,启发学生思考:如何才能过一个有意义的周末?从说到写,真正触发学生的思考。)
图5
图6
故事阅读不能只停留在理解这一层面,学生还要有自己的思考和判断,比较并归纳阅读材料所反映的文化和社会现象,形成自己的文化立场与态度。本片断通过抓住频率副词进行评价,通过比较阅读感知中西方周末文化,通过观察图片触发学生思考,从而带给学生积极的人生态度和价值观念启示。