单元点拨与三年高考链接

2017-10-25 02:58吴涛
中学课程辅导高考版·学生版 2017年9期
关键词:句首真题主句

吴涛

模块九第一单元

一、词汇

1. occasion n. (P.9) ①[C]时刻,时节;②[C]重要的庆祝活动;③[U]场合,时机。如:

I've met with him on several occasions. 我已见过他好几次。

I bought a new dress just for the occasion. 就为这次活动,我买了一身新衣服。

The conference is an occasion for different countries to exchange views. 这次大会是不同国家交流看法的一个好时机。

【拓展】 on occasion有时,间或;occasional adj. 偶尔的; occasionally adv. 偶尔地

【高考真题回放】 (1) An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered _____ a long lost antique Greek vase.(2013湖北卷)

A. at random B. by chance

C. in turn D. on occasion 【答案】 B。

at random任意地,随便地;by chance偶然地,意外地;in turn转而,反过来,依次;on occasion有时,间或;此处是指一个艺术家偶然发现了一个古希腊花瓶,所以选B。解题的关键在于正确理解和把握固定词组的多个含义。

(2) If we leave right away,_____ , we'll arrive on time. (2013浙江卷6)

A. hopefully B. curiously

C. occasionally D. gradually 【答案】 A。

hopefully抱有希望的。句意:如果我们马上离开,我们就有希望按时到达。此处hopefully, we'll arrive on time相当于it's hopeful that we'll arrive on time。

2. equip vt. (L.26, P.14) “装配,配备”,如:

The soldiers were equipped with the latest weapons. 士兵们配备着最新式的武器。

So he gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in medicine. 于是他拿出好几百万元帮助其他人进行医学研究。

【拓展】 be equipped with装配,安装;be equipped for准备好,对……有准备

【高考真题回放】 She the carpet with some very nice curtains in color.(2013江西卷)

A. connected B. fitted

C. equipped D. matched 【答案】 D。

句意:她把彩色的漂亮窗帘与地毯搭配起来。A connect... with“用……把……连接起来”;B 与fit经常搭配的介词是to“使……适合……,适应”;C equip... with... “用……裝备、使具备”;D match... with“使……相配”。

二、短语或句型

3. Canada is one of the largest countries in the world, second only to Russia... (L.1, P.2) 加拿大是世界上最大的国家之一,仅次于俄国……。

【点拨】 second only to 仅次于……; second to none 最好的

In terms of scoring goals, he was second only to Liu Xiang during the match. 这场比赛中,他的得分仅次于刘翔。

We will provide a service second to none. 我们将提供最为优质的服务。

【拓展】 短语中介词to有“比较”的意思。类似的短语有:

be junior to比……年轻,比……资格浅; be senior to 比……年长,比……资格老; be superior to比……优越, 胜过……; be inferior to比……差,不如……

【高考真题回放】 I'm so _____ to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily. (2015安徽卷26)

A. special B. superior

C. grateful D. attractive 【答案】 C。

句意:我非常感激所有的志愿者,因为他们帮我把糟糕的一天变成了愉快的一天。A特殊的;B优秀的,比……好的;C感激的;D有吸引力的。根据句意可知,这里是在向志愿者表达感激之情,故选C。

4. In the heart of Toronto is the Canadian National Tower, which is often called the CN Tower for short. (L22, P.2) 加拿大国家电视塔坐落于多伦多市中心,通常简称CN塔。endprint

Adding to the extraordinary beauty of Changling is the Ling'en Palace, ... (L.18, P.30)陵恩殿以其简单设计和彩绘内顶而闻名,为长陵增添了宏伟与壮丽。

【点拨】 这两句为倒装句。句首状语是表示地点的介词短语或某些表示方向的副词(here, there, up, down, now, then, in, out, away, off)时,完全倒装。但主语如为人称代词时,则不能倒装。为了句子平衡,我们经常把-ed形式、-ing形式、形容词等放置在句首,并且将谓语动词提到主语前面。如:

(1) On the hill in front of them stood a great castle.在他们面前的山上有一座大的城堡。

(2) Present at the meeting are teachers teaching 30 years.出席会议的是任教30年的教师。

【拓展】 部分倒装是指(1)so, nor, neither;(2)虚拟语气中if省略;(3)否定词作状语位于句首;(4)only+状语位于句首;(5)在so...that, such...that等结构中, so、 such位于句首;(6)在there be结构中。

【高考真题回放】 (1) Not once _____ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class. (2013湖南卷35)

A. occurred it B. it did occur

C. it occurred D. did it occur 【答案】 D。

(2) _____ the nurses want a pay increase, but also they want reduced hours as well. (2014廣州卷26)

A. Not do only B. Do not only

C. Only not do D. Not only do 【答案】 D。

(3) Only when Lily walked into the office _____ that she had left the contract at home. (2015天津卷3)

A. she realized

B. has she realized

C. she has realized

D. did she realize 【答案】 D。

5. Montreal, a port in the province of Quebec, ..., Paris being the largest. (L.24, P.2)魁北克省内的港口城市蒙特利尔是加拿大第二大城市,也是世界上仅次于巴黎的第二大法语城市。

With most of its population living near the coast, swimming and surfing are popular activities... (L21,P14) 由于大部分人口都住在沿海地区,游泳和冲浪是人们最喜欢的运动。

【点拨】 Paris being the largest是一个独立主格结构,在句中做状语,补充说明。相当于and Paris is the largest. With most of its population living near the coast 是一个独立主格结构在句中做原因状语,相当于Because most of its population live near the coast, ... 独立主格结构的构成:(with) + 名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语/分词或不定式。 如:

(1) Weather permitting, we shall play the match tomorrow. 明天如果天气好,我们就进行比赛。

(2) With so much homework to do, he hurried home. 有那么多作业要做,他很快回去了。

【高考真题回放】 (1) His lecture _____ , a lively question-and-answer session followed. (2014江苏卷29)

A. being given

B. having given

C. to be given

D. having been given 【答案】 D。

a lively question-and-answer session followed是一个完整的句子,本题的两部分之间缺少连词,所以逗号前面的不能是句子,只能是一个独立主格结构。名词his lecture与动词give之间构成被动关系,所以使用过去分词表示被动,排除B项。A项表示正在进行,C项不定式表示将要进行,都不符合语义。D项having been done作状语的时候相当于done。本句的独立主格结构His lecture having been given相当于After his lecture had been given。句意:他的演讲结束后,将是一个现场问答部分。

(2) Much time _____ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. (2015江苏卷24)endprint

A. being spent B. having spent

C. spent D. spending 【答案】 C。

6. For fans of this sport, though, it is an art form. (L.38, P.15) 但对于热爱这项运动的人而言,它是一种艺术。

【点拨】 though此处用作副词,前后都用逗号与主句隔开,意为“然而、但是”。如:

He said he would come to the party, he didn't, though. 他说他回来参加晚会的,然而没来。

【拓展】 though还可以用作连词引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管”。如:

Although / Though he is young, (yet) he knows a lot. 尽管他年轻,然而他懂得很多东西。

【高考真题回放】 (1) _____ small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries. (2013天津卷5)

A. As B. If

C. Although D. Once 【答案】 C。

(2) Lessons can be learned to face the future, _____ history cannot be changed.(2014江蘇卷21)

A. though B. as

C. since D. unless 【答案】 A。

(3) _____ scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don't know. (2015安徽卷23)

A. Once B. Since

C. Though D. Unless 【答案】 C。

7. The only active participants are the horses and the people who ride them, while everyone else watches. (L.44, P.15) 只有马和骑手积极参与,而其他所有人都在观看。

【点拨】 在这个句子当中,while用作并列连词,表示“然而”。

【拓展】 除此之外,while还有名词和从属连词(有两种用法):

1) 引导时间状语从句,表示“当……的时候”,“在……期间”。如:

He took a bath while I was preparing dinner. 我在准备晚餐的时候他正在洗澡。

2) 引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管,虽然”,相当于though。如:

While I understand your viewpoint, I don't agree with you. 尽管我理解你的观点,我还是不能同意你的观点。

【高考真题回放】 (1) There's no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery another man, also intelligent, fails. (2013新课标I32)

A. since B. if

C. as D. while 【答案】 D。

(2) _____ the students came from different countries, they got along quite well in the summer camp. (2015福建卷31)

A. While B. Unless

C. Since D. Until 【答案】 A。

8. 本单元中的一些重点短语:

be second only to... 仅次于……

minus 29 degrees centigrade 零下29摄氏度

for short 简称

frozen wastes 冰封的荒原

be home to 为……的所在地

a handful of 少数, 一把

go with 与……相配

participate in 参加

in particular 尤其,特别,专门

rather than 而不是

consist of 由……组成

lead to 通往,通向;导致,引发

turn to 变成,转变

be equipped with 配备有……

be worthy of... 值得……

as well as 和,以及

be content with sth. / to do sth. 对……满足/满意

distinguish A from B / distinguish between A and B把A和B区分开来

模块九第二单元

一、词汇

1. decoration n. (L.19, P.30) 装饰,装修,装潢

The house is wonderful. But I don't like the decorations.房子不错,不过我不喜欢里面的装潢。endprint

【拓展】 decorate vt. 装饰,装潢;decorative adj. 装饰的,装潢的;decorator n.装饰家

【高考真题回放】 —The town is so beautiful! I just love it.(2013江苏卷)

—Me too. The character of the town is well _____ .

A. qualified B. preserved

C. decorated D. simplified 【答案】 B。

动词的过去分词已具备形容词的性质。be qualified合格的;有资格的;be well preserved保存完好的;be well decorated装饰得很漂亮的;be simplified被简化的。根据句意,选B。句意:——这座小镇是如此美丽!我真是喜欢它。——我也是。小镇的特色保存得很完好。

2. (1) associate vt. (L.16, P.18)使……发生联系,使联合;association n. 如:

We associate China with the Great Wall.我们说起中国,就会想到长城。

(2) register vt. 登记,注册;n. 花名册,登记簿 (L.47, P.31) 如:

He registered the birth of his child. 他登记了他孩子的出生日期。

The teacher kept a register of the names of the children.这老师保留了一份孩子们的名册。

【高考真题回放】 (1) According to the law, all foreigners have to _____ with the local police within two weeks of arrival.(2013湖北卷24)

A. associate B. dispute

C. negotiate D. register 【答案】 D。

register登记,注册;associate(使)发生联系;(使)联合;结交;联想;dispute辩论,争论;negotiate谈判,协商;此处是指所有的外国人都必须在抵达两周内到当地警察局登记。

(2) Top graduates from universities are _____ by major companies.(2014江苏卷25)

A. chased B. registered

C. offered D. compensated 【答案】 A。

chase追求,追逐;register登记,注册;offer提供;compensate补偿,赔偿;句意:来自大学里的优秀毕业生受到大公司的追捧。本句表示大公司愿意接受大学的优秀毕业生。

二、短语或句型

3. In 1816, these sculptures were turned over to the British Museum. (L.60-61, P.18-19)1816年,这些雕塑被移交给大英博物馆。

【点拨】 turn sth. over to sb. “把……移交给(他人管理)”

【拓展】 turn to somebody for help向某人求助;turn up 出现,到来;调高(音量等);turn away打发走; turn down调低;拒绝; turn in上交; turn into变成;turn off关掉; turn on打开; turn out生产;结果是

【高考真题回放】 Tom had to the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy. (2015天津卷10)

A. turn in B. turn down

C. turn over D. turn to 【答案】 B。

4. ... in 1801, when an Englishman, Lord Elgin, cut them off the face of the Parthenon, and took them to London.(L.54-59, P.18)当时英国人埃尔金勋爵把这些雕塑从帕台农神庙的建筑表层切割下来,运往伦敦。

【点拨】 非限制性定语从句起补充作用,如果省略,不影响主句意义的完整;一般要用逗号与主句隔开;修饰先行词,也可以修饰部分或整个主句;不用that以及why引导。关系词不能省略。

【高考真题回放】 (1) Opposite is St. Paul's Church, _____ you can hear some lovely music.(2015北京卷24)

A. which B. that

C. when D. where 【答案】 D。

(2) He wrote many children' s books, nearly half of _____ were published in the 1990s. (2015重慶卷14)

A. whom B. which

C. them D. that 【答案】 B。

(3) The number of smokers,_____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.(2015江苏卷21)endprint

A. it B. which

C. what D. as 【答案】 D。

(4) The books on the desk, _____ covers are shiny, are prizes for us. (2015四川卷3)

A. which B. what

C. whose D. that 【答案】 C。

5. In 1616, he was given permission to make a trip to South America to look for gold on behalf of King James. (P.27) 他被允许代表詹姆斯国王去南美洲寻找黄金。

【点拨】 on behalf of “代表某人”如:Don't trouble to do it on my behalf. 不要为了我去麻烦了。

由“介词+名词+介词”构成的短语还有:in charge of掌管,负责; in control of控制;in memory of纪念; in honor of纪念;向……表示敬意; in / with regard to关于; in favor of赞同,支持; in addition to除……以外; on top of在……上方;除……之外; in response to作为对……的回应、答复。

【高考真题回放】 (1) These comments came _____ specific questions often asked by local newsmen. (2015浙江卷17)

A. in memory of

B. in response to

C. in touch with

D. in possession of 【答案】 B。

句意:这些评论是对某些经常被当地新闻人问到的问题的回应。A. in memory of意为“纪念”, B. in response to意为“回应”,C. in touch with意为“联系”,D. in possession of意为“拥有”。分析句子成分可知空格处充当介词短语作状语的作用,根据常识和句意,评论应该是对问题的回应。

(2) Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live_____ nature. (2015福建卷32)

A. in view of

B. in need of

C. in touch with

D. in harmony with 【答案】 D。

A. in view of由于,鑒于,基于……; B. in need of需要; C. in touch with和……接触; D. in harmony with与……和谐相处。这四个短语后面都应该接名词,该句意思为:人的生活是自然的一部分,因此,我们能生存下来的唯一的方法就是与自然和谐相处。

6. Along the Scared Way, which leads to the tombs, you can... (L.11, P.30) 沿着通向陵墓的神道,你可以……

【点拨】 lead to 课文中意为“通向”; (结果) 导致……。如:

All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。

Hiding your anger can only lead to unhappiness. 把气憋在肚子里只能导致不快。

【拓展】 ①导致某人做某事,用:lead to sb. / one's doing sth. 或者lead sb. to do sth. 如:

His anger with the teacher led him to shout loudly in class.

His anger with the teacher led to his shouting loudly in class. 他对老师的怨气导致他在教室里大叫大嚷。

②n.“引导,带头,领先”,如:gain / have / take the lead in the race在赛跑中领先

【高考真题回放】 With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a for the better.(2013江苏卷)

A. share B. chance

C. turn D. lead 【答案】 C。

本题考查固定短语在语境中的应用。A. take a share分担……;为……出力;B. take a chance冒险;C. take a turn转弯,转;(情况、形势等)转变;D. take a lead领先,带头。根据本句for the better的提示,可见是讲转变,变得更好。句意:有了源于其他饮食文化的灵感,美国饮食文化可以变得更好。

7. Adding to the extraordinary beauty of Changling is the Ling'en Palace, ... (L.18, P.30)陵恩殿以其简单设计和彩绘内顶而闻名,为长陵增添了宏伟与壮丽。

【点拨】 短语add to意为“增加,增添”;“使……规模扩大”。如:endprint

That will only add to our difficulties. 那只会增加我们的困难。

Since then, the Great Wall has been added to, rebuilt and repaired, especially during the Ming Dynasty. 从那以后特别在明朝,长城得到了不断的扩建、重建及维修。

【拓展】 与add有关的常用短语还有:

add... to... 把……加到……上; add up to 加起来总数为……;add to增添;add up把加起来

【高考真题回放】 Peter will _____ his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month. (2015陕西卷25)

A. take up B. put up

C. add up D. break up 【答案】 A。

句意:Peter在这个月底将从事旅行社负责人的职位。take up拿起,开始从事;put up竖立;搭建;add up加起来;break up结束;分解。

8. ... as it stresses to everyone their extreme importance and value. (L43, P.31)……因为这向世人强调了它们极大的重要性和宝贵价值。

【点拨】 stress vt.着重,强调。如:

He stressed the point that we should be on time.他强调的一点是我们必须准时。

【拓展】 n. 压力,重压;紧迫,紧张。如:

in times of stress在艰难困苦之时;under stress of weather迫于恶劣的天气; 常用短语:lay(或place, put) stress on(或upon)把重点放在……上

【高考真题回放】 One of the most effective ways to reduce is to talk about feeling with someone you trust. (2015浙江卷15)

A. production B. stress

C. energy D. passive 【答案】 B。

9. ...as it sends the message to everyone that these sites are extremely important and precious. (L53, P31) ……因为它向大家提供了这样的信息,即这些遗址非常重要和珍贵。

【点拨】 同位语从句和定语从句的区别:这两个从句相似,都放在某一名词或代词后面。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明,是名词全部内容的体现,引导词不在从句中担任任何成分;定语从句对名词加以限制,是名词内容的修饰性定语,其引导词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、状语等成分。如:The news that he got there was true.该句有两种分析方法:①get为vt.,that在从句中担任宾语,可换成which,也可省略,所以that引导定语从句。句意:他在那儿得到的消息是真实的。②get为vi.,that在从句中不担任成分,引导同位语从句。句意:他到达那儿的消息是真实的。

【高考真题回放】

—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? (2014重庆卷12)

—Yeah, but I have no idea _____ he did it; that's one of his favorite universities.

A. when B. why

C. that D. how 【答案】 B 同位語从句。

Please send us all the information _____ you have about the candidate for the position.(2014陕西卷13)

A. that B. which

C. as D. what 【答案】 A 定语从句。

10. 本单元中的一些重点短语:

be charged with 被指控犯有……罪

on behalf of somebody 代表某人,代替某人

in particular 尤其

have an influence on 对……产生影响

no different 也没什么不同,不例外

in a gesture to do sth. 为了做某事

give birth to 生(孩子)

sentence sb. to death 判处某人死刑

in terms of 在……方面,从……方面来说

the pace of change 变化的步伐

associate... with 把……与……相联系;联想

seize / take control of 掌控;获得……控制权

in the field of literature 在文学方面

at the last minute 在关键时刻

make room for 为……腾地方;让位于

give (sb.) permission to do sth. 允许……做

a temple / monument to sb. 为某人而修建的寺庙或纪念碑endprint

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