浅析简·爱的人物性格特征

2017-09-27 07:09董朔萁
校园英语·下旬 2017年10期
关键词:阿黛尔罗切斯特性格特征

董朔萁

【摘要】《简·爱》(JANE ERYE)是19世纪英国批判现实主义文学作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的代表作,是伟大的世界名著。小说女主人公简·爱虽其貌不扬、出身卑微,却因其独立叛逆、追求平等、真诚善良、蔑视名利、勇敢执着等独特的性格特点和人格魅力俘获了众多读者的心。本文立足原著,对简·爱这一女主人公的人物性格特征进行了分析。

【关键词】简·爱 人物性格特征 分析

一、内向自卑却又不乏勇敢叛逆

简·爱是一个内向的女孩儿。由于父母双亡,她不得不寄居在舅舅家里,舅舅去世后家里几乎所有的人都不喜欢她,所以她性格内向,喜欢自己一个人呆着。“I sat cross-legged, like a Turk; and, having drawn the red moreen curtain nearly close, I was shrined in double retirement”,我们仿佛看到一个弱小的女孩儿隐藏在窗帘后面的情景,也仿佛看到她在隐藏身体的时候隐藏了自己的内心。在罗沃德学校,她也是我行我素,“As yet I had spoken to no one, nor did anybody seem to take notice of me; I stood lonely enough, but to that feeling of isolation I was accustomed”。她不愿与人交流,最喜欢的就是读书,小小年纪已经读了比威克的《英国鸟类史》(History of British Birds)、哥尔斯密的《罗马史》(History of Rome)、《格列佛游记》(Gullivers Travels)等书籍,书籍是她最亲密的朋友。

因相貌平庸、性格内向,导致了简·爱的自卑性格。孩提时代,这种性格特征就非常明显,她一直在自责不够聪明、不够漂亮、不够活泼,“I know that had I been a sanguine, brilliant, careless, exacting, handsome, romping child—though equally dependent and friendless—Mrs.Reed would have endured my presence more complacently;her children would have entertained for me more of cordiality of fellow-feeling;the servants would have been less prone to make me the scapegoat of the nursery”。成年之后,这种自卑感越来越强烈。平庸的外貌成为孤独而又自闭的简·爱的一种心灵重负。

虽然内向自卑,但简·爱却不是逆来顺受之人,勇敢叛逆是她显著的性格特征,从小说中对简爱的语言、心理描写可以反映出她这一典型特征。当受到舅妈的不公平待遇和责骂惩罚时,她感受到“my blood was still warm, the mood of the revolted slave was still bracing me with its bitter vigour”,她的理智在心底呐喊:“Unjust!- Unjust!”。当她与表哥约翰发生冲突时,她没有低头认输,而是与其厮打并怒斥,“Wicked and cruel boy!”I said.”You are like a murderer—you are like a slave-driver—you are like the Roman emperors?”。在劳渥德学校,她告诉海伦·彭斯如果无缘无故挨打,一定要狠狠回击,“When we are struckwithout a reason, we should stike back againvery hard; I am sure we should—so hard as to teach the person who struck us never to do it again.” 一个瘦小内向但又叛逆勇敢的形象跃然纸上。

二、追求精神平等和完整純洁的爱情

简·爱坚信并追求精神上的平等。她是一个穷教师,罗切斯特是上流社会的人物,地位可以说是相差悬殊。但即使这种情况下,简·爱却义务反顾、坦坦荡荡地爱了。所以,当罗切斯特为了试探她而假意要娶某贵族小姐时,她非常愤怒。在简·爱看来,精神无关乎名利,无关乎地位,在精神层面众生平等。让我们重温一下小说中简·爱关于精神平等的经典表达吧。

Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong! — I have as much soul as you — and full as much heart! And if God had gifted me with some beauty and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities, nor even of mortal flesh: it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at Gods feet, equal — as we are!endprint

简·爱追求完整和纯洁的爱情。她对罗彻斯特的感情强烈执着,但当梅森先生告诉她桑菲尔德庄园顶楼上那幽灵般的疯女人是罗切斯特的结发之妻时,在理智与情感、尊严与爱情之间,简·爱选择了前者,她只愿做光明正大的合法妻子,不愿当偷偷摸摸的情人,她要的是一份真真正正的完整意义上的爱情。然而,当简·爱离开罗彻斯特后,她对罗切斯特的爱情依然专一,罗切斯特富有时如此,贫困时如此,哪怕是身体上残缺简爱依然对其不离不弃。以下是罗彻斯特在庄园被烧毁、眼睛瞎了后,向简·爱求爱的一段对白。

“Jane, will you marry me?”

“Yes, sir.”

“A poor blind man, whom you will have to lead about by the hand?”

“Yes, sir.”

“A crippled man, twenty years older than you, whom you will have to wait on?”

“Yes, sir.”

“Truly, Jane?”

“Most truly, sir. ”

连续三个“Yes, sir”和最后的“Most truly, sir”,我们可以看到一个对于爱情坚定执着的简·爱,真切感受到简·爱所追求的不是物质财富,而是真正意義上的纯洁爱情。

三、为人真诚善良、不追名逐利

简·爱为人真诚,有一颗善良的心。在孤儿院,她对胆小懦弱、备受歧视虐待的海伦·彭斯伸出援助之手,海伦生病后,简·爱给了她真诚的关爱与照顾,海伦临终前,简·爱不顾一切去看望她,“I must see Helen, —I must embrace her before she died, —I must give her one last kiss, exchange with her one last word”,让她在自己怀中安静辞世;在桑菲尔德庄园,面对小阿黛尔,她表现出深深的怜悯同情和非常的耐心细致,她给予了小阿黛尔母亲般的疼爱和姐妹般的友谊,为给小阿黛尔带来无限快乐;甚至,面对病危的曾经虐她无数次的舅妈,她也以善良之心相待,“Forgive me for my passionate language ”, “aunt, and to regard me with kindness and forgiveness”, “I long earnestly to be reconciled to you now:kiss me, aunt.”,这是她面对一个临终老人的发自内心的原谅与和解。

不追名逐利是简·爱的另一性格特点。简·爱比英格拉姆小姐纯洁得多,她爱罗切斯特只是爱他的人。罗切斯特说他要娶简·爱,当他问简·爱有什么特殊条件时,简·爱的回答充分体现了她不贪图名利的性格特点。“I only want an easy mind”, “I shall continue to act as Adeles governess;by that I shall earn my board and lodging, and thirty pounds a year besides.” 后来简·爱的命运发生了改变,她的叔父爱先生去世后给她留下了二万英镑的遗产,简·爱不愿独得遗产,把它均分成四份,给约翰和他的妹妹各人一份。当罗切斯特的命运发生重大变化时,房屋夷为平地,罗切斯特双目失明、身体残疾、彻底破产,简·爱依然不顾一切回到了罗切斯特身边。因为,在她看来,爱情从来都不是以金钱、容貌、年龄来衡量的。

参考文献:

[1]夏洛蒂·勃朗特.李梦娴,译.简·爱(中英双语对照版)[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2016.

[2]潘虹.浅析简爱的人物性格[J].赤峰学院学报,2010,(05).

[3]胡枫.论简爱中女主人公的人物性格特点[J].华人时刊,2013, (12).

[4]金志浩.同行者:高中生自选名篇佳作[M].上海:汉语大词典出版社,2000.endprint

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