伍佰秀,谢红英
·论著·
红细胞分布宽度诊断子宫内膜异位症的价值研究
伍佰秀*,谢红英
目的探讨红细胞分布宽度(RDW)诊断子宫内膜异位症的价值,为临床诊断提供借鉴。方法收集2016年1—9月柳州市工人医院妇科二病区收治的子宫内膜异位症患者85例,均经组织病理学检查确诊,根据美国生殖医学协会(ASRM)分期将患者分为轻度组(Ⅰ~Ⅱ期)47例和重度组(Ⅲ~Ⅳ期)38例。选择同期本院体检正常的健康女性41例作为对照组。检测3组RDW、糖类抗原125(CA125),并分析两指标的相关性,比较RDW、CA125诊断子宫内膜异位症的价值。结果对照组RDW低于轻度组、重度组,轻度组RDW低于重度组(P<0.05)。轻度组CA125低于重度组(P<0.05)。轻度组RDW与CA125呈中度正相关(r=0.664,P<0.05);重度组RDW与CA125呈高度正相关(r=0.860,P<0.05)。RDW诊断子宫内膜异位症的正确率(92.1%,116/126)高于CA125(81.7%,103/126)(P<0.05)。结论子宫内膜异位症患者RDW明显增加,且RDW与CA125呈正相关,其对子宫内膜异位症有一定的诊断价值。
子宫内膜异位症;诊断;红细胞分布宽度;糖类抗原125
伍佰秀,谢红英.红细胞分布宽度诊断子宫内膜异位症的价值研究[J].中国全科医学,2017,20(27):3391-3395.[www.chinagp.net]
WU B X,XIE H Y.Value of red blood cell distribution width for the diagnosis of endometriosis[J].Chinese General Practice,2017,20(27):3391-3395.
子宫内膜异位症是育龄期妇女的多发病、常见病,其是由于子宫内膜组织在子宫腔被覆内膜及子宫以外的部位出现生长、浸润,引起反复出血[1]。尽管生物标志物的发展日新月异,但是目前对子宫内膜异位症的诊断主要依赖腹腔镜对病灶部位进行形态检测,而确诊则需要病理学检查。有文献报道指出子宫内膜异位症患者的血清糖类抗原125(CA125)水平明显升高[2-3],并有文献进一步指出CA125水平与子宫内膜异位症密切相关[4]。CA125与侵入性的腹腔镜检测相比有一定的优势,但是CA125诊断子宫内膜异位症的灵敏度并不高[5]。
尽管子宫内膜异位症的发病机制尚未完全阐述清楚,但有研究指出子宫内膜异位症患者的血清炎性标志物水平较高[6-8],其常被认为是一个慢性炎性疾病[9]。红细胞分布宽度(RDW)是血液分析中的一项重要参数,是反应红细胞异质性程度的指标,与氧化应激、炎症、营养状况差、血脂异常、高血压、红细胞碎片和促红细胞生成素的功能改变等很多因素有关[10]。RDW已被证明与危重患者的危重程度以及疾病的预后相关[11],也可以辅助诊断心血管疾病并预测预后情况[12],同时与类风湿关节炎(RA)的疾病活动度也有一定相关性[13]。但尚未见有文献报道RDW与子宫内膜异位症的相关性,因此本研究旨在讨论RDW与CA125的相关性,探讨RDW诊断子宫内膜异位症的价值,以期为临床诊断子宫内膜异位症提供借鉴。
1.1 一般资料 收集2016年1—9月柳州市工人医院妇科二病区收治的子宫内膜异位症患者85例,平均年龄(32.6±4.6)岁,均经组织病理学检查确诊。排除过去6个月有手术史者,有激素治疗史者,贫血或全身性疾病(如糖尿病或高血压)者、炎性疾病者、肾脏疾病者等。根据美国生殖医学协会(ASRM)分期[14]将患者分为轻度组(Ⅰ~Ⅱ期)47例和重度组(Ⅲ~Ⅳ期)38例。选择同期本院体检正常的健康女性41例作为对照组,平均年龄(33.1±5.2)岁。受试者均签署知情同意书,本研究经本院伦理委员会批准通过。
1.2 方法 收集患者一般资料(包括年龄、不孕时间、白细胞计数、血红蛋白、血小板计数)及RDW、CA125。早上7:30~8:30取受试者空腹肘静脉血2 ml,置于EDTA-K2抗凝管中,用Sysmex 2100全血细胞自动分析仪获取血细胞参数RDW。另取真空负压血清管采血3 ml,分离血清,用雅培i2000化学发光免疫分析仪测定CA125。RDW参考范围为11.3%~18.1%,CA125参考范围为0~35 U/ml。受试者的RDW和CA125超出参考范围即判断为阳性。
2.1 3组一般资料、RDW、CA125比较 3组年龄、不孕时间、白细胞计数、血红蛋白、血小板计数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组RDW、CA125比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组RDW低于轻度组、重度组,轻度组RDW低于重度组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。轻度组CA125低于重度组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,见表1)。
2.2 3组RDW与CA125的相关性分析 对照组RDW与CA125无直线相关关系(P=0.328);轻度组RDW与CA125呈中度正相关(P<0.05);重度组RDW与CA125呈高度正相关(P<0.05,见表2)。
2.3RDW与CA125诊断子宫内膜异位症的正确率比较RDW诊断子宫内膜异位症的正确率为92.1%(116/126,见表3),CA125诊断子宫内膜异位症的正确率为81.7%(103/126,见表4)。RDW诊断子宫内膜异位症的正确率高于CA125,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.89,P=0.015)。
表1 3组一般资料、RDW、CA125比较
注:RDW=红细胞分布宽度,CA125=糖类抗原125;与对照组比较,aP<0.05;与轻度组比较,bP<0.05
表2 3组RDW与CA125的相关性分析
表3 RDW诊断子宫内膜异位症的价值
表4 CA125诊断子宫内膜异位症的价值
子宫内膜异位症是由于有活性的内膜细胞在子宫内膜以外的位置生长而形成的一种常见妇科疾病,目前其发病机制尚未清楚,被普遍接受的学说是子宫内膜种植学说[15]。CA125和抗子宫内膜抗体是常用的实验室检测手段,有文献报道血清CA125和抗子宫内膜抗体可以辅助诊断子宫内膜异位症,且两者联合可提高诊断正确率,应用价值较高[16]。但RDW与子宫内膜异位症的关系尚未见报道。
本研究结果显示,子宫内膜异位症患者CA125较高,与梁小梅[17]研究结果一致,但是轻度组与对照组之间的CA125无统计学差异。轻度组RDW高于对照组,重度组RDW与CA125呈高度正相关。RDW与CA125的检测结果虽然有一定的相关性,但是RDW诊断子宫内膜异位症的正确率比CA125高。
RDW是反应红细胞大小异质性的一个指标,其降低临床意义不大,但其升高则提示红细胞体积大小不一,常用于缺铁性贫血的诊断和疗效观察,也常用于小细胞低色素性贫血的鉴别诊断。有研究发现,RDW升高与动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后脑梗死的不良预后显著相关[18]。应用RDW可以提高胸痛患者急诊入院心脏评分以及预测死亡的准确性[19-20];YILMAZ等[21]指出多囊卵巢综合征患者RDW明显增加,RDW可作为多囊卵巢综合征的诊断标志物。RDW升高还与肝炎肝硬化[22-23]、风湿性疾病[24-25]、肿瘤[26-27]等慢性炎性疾病密切相关。RDW升高提示机体内正常红细胞的动态平衡被破坏,同时可能涉及红细胞生成障碍和异常红血细胞存活,这可能是由多种潜在的异常代谢引起的,如端粒长度缩短、氧化应激、炎症、营养状况差、血脂异常、高血压、红细胞分裂和促红细胞生成素功能的改变等。
子宫内膜异位症是通过旁分泌以及自分泌的方式,促进内膜细胞黏附、植入、激发免疫反应而引起“瀑布效应”,最终促进细胞增殖和血管生成,是一种慢性炎性疾病[15],炎性因子可以抑制促红细胞生成素(EPO)刺激红系的骨髓干细胞,致使骨髓中未能完全成熟的红细胞提前进入外周血液,造成外周红细胞体积的异质性增加,即RDW升高。虽然炎症导致RDW升高的机制未能完全清楚,但是LIPPI等[28]已经证明RDW与高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和红细胞沉降率有很大的关系;另外KOMA等[29]也发现高RDW与高白细胞计数、高hs-CRP和低清蛋白水平相关,这表明高RDW与炎症状态有关。
本研究结果显示,轻度组、重度组RDW与CA125呈正相关,且RDW诊断子宫内膜异位症的正确率较高,但是本研究的样本量较少,且仅局限于本院,有一定的局限性,未来还需要大样本、多中心联合研究进一步证实本研究结果。
综上所述,引发子宫内膜异位症的炎性因子,影响了红细胞的生成,继而导致RDW升高,RDW可作为诊断子宫内膜异位症的一个指标。未来有必要进行进一步的大规模研究,以完全理清RDW和子宫内膜异位症的病理生理关系。
作者贡献:伍佰秀进行研究设计与实施、资料收集整理、撰写论文并对文章负责;谢红英进行研究实施、评估、资料收集及审校。
本文无利益冲突。
本研究不足:
(1)本研究样本数量偏少,未来需要多中心、大样本的综合分析以论证红细胞分布宽度(RDW)与子宫内膜异位症之间的联系。(2)本研究只是研究了RDW诊断子宫内膜异位症的价值,并未扩展开来研究其他血液指标或者肿瘤标志物对子宫内膜异位症的诊断价值,未来需要更深层次的研究。
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(本文编辑:崔莎)
ValueofRedBloodCellDistributionWidthfortheDiagnosisofEndometriosis
WUBai-xiu*,XIEHong-ying
LiuzhouWorker′sHospital,Liuzhou545005,China
*Correspondingauthor:WUBai-xiu,Primarynurse;E-mail:360328467@qq.com
ObjectiveTo investigate the value of red blood cell distribution width(RDW) in the diagnosis of endometriosis,in order to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis of the disease.MethodsWe enrolled 85 patients with endometriosis confirmed by histopathological examination who
treatment in Ward 2,Department of Gynaecology of Liuzhou Worker′s Hospital from January to September in 2016,and other 41 females(control group) underwent physical examination in this hospital during the same period and had normal results.According to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine(ASRM) classification of endometriosis,the endometriosis patients were divided into mild group(stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ,n=47) and severe group(stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ,n=38).RDW and carbohydrate antigen(CA) 125 of three groups were detected and the correlation between the two indexes was analyzed.The value of RDW and CA125 in the diagnosis of endometritis was also compared.ResultsRDW in the control group was lower than that in the mild group and severe group,RDW in the mild group was lower than that in severe group(P<0.05).The concentration of CA125 was lower in the mild group than in the severe group(P<0.05).RDW had moderately positive correlation with CA125 in the mild group(r=0.664,P<0.05);and it presented highly positive correlation with CA125 in the severe group(r=0.860,P<0.05).RDW had higher diagnostic accuracy of endometriosis than CA125〔92.1%(116/126) vs.81.7%(103/126)〕(P<0.05).ConclusionIncreased RDW is found in endometriosis patients.RDW is positively associated with CA125 and is of significance in the diagnosis of endometriosis.
Endometriosis;Diagnosis;Red blood cell distribution width;Carbohydrate antigen 125
R 711.71
A
10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2017.27.013
2017-03-22;
2017-08-20)
545005广西柳州市,柳州市工人医院
*通信作者:伍佰秀,护师;E-mail:360328467@qq.com