营口市2005～2014年猩红热流行特征

肖岩

【摘要】 目的 分析2005～2014年營口地区猩红热的流行病学特征， 为制定有效的预防控制措施提供理论依据。方法 采用描述性流行病学分析方法对2005～2014年营口市猩红热发病情况进行分析。结果 2005～2014年营口市共报告猩红热病例1774例， 无死亡病例， 平均发病率为7.4356/10万， 其中， 2012年发病率最高， 为12.559/10万， 2009年发病率最低， 为3.8127/10万；发病为春末夏初和冬季两次高峰， 5～6月发病共422例， 占总发病例数23.79%， 11～12月份发病共447例， 占总发病例数25.20%；病例以男性居多， 男性发病率为9.3327/10万， 女性发病率为5.4524/10万， 男性年平均发病率明显高于女性， 差异有统计学意义（χ2=120.728， P<0.01）。最小发病年龄为2个月， 最大发病年龄58岁， 发病以3～8岁儿童为主， 共报告发病1329例， 共占发病总数的74.92%；病例主要以学生和托幼儿童为主， 学生发病689例， 构成比为38.84%， 幼托儿童发病652例， 构成比为36.75%， 散居儿童发病363例， 构成比为20.46%， 其他发病为70例， 构成比为3.95%。结论 2005～2014年营口市猩红热发病呈上升趋势， 加强学校和托幼机构的监测与培训指导工作以及开展健康教育宣传工作是防制工作的重点。

【关键词】 猩红热；流行特征；预防控制

DOI：10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2016.34.091

Epidemiological characteristics of scarlatina during 2005～2014 in Yingkou city XIAO Yan. Yingkou City Center for Disease Prevention and Control， Yingkou 115004， China

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of scarlatina during 2005～2014 in Yingkou area， and to provide theoretical reference for establishing effective prevention and control measures. Methods Morbidity situation of scarlatina in Yingkou city during 2005～2014 was analyzed by descriptive epidemiological analysis method. Results There were totally 1774 reported scarlatina cases in Yingkou city during 2005～2014， without death case. Mean morbidity rate was 7.4356/100 thousand， along with the highest morbidity rate in 2012 as 12.559/100 thousand and the lowest in 2009 as 3.8127/100 thousand. Morbidity peak occurred in late spring and early summer， and winter. There were 422 cases in May～June， accounting for 23.79%， and 447 cases in November～December， accounting for 25.20%. Male cases were the majority with morbidity rate as 9.3327/100 thousand， while morbidity rate in female cases was 5.4524/100 thousand. Male cases had obviously higher mean morbidity rate than female cases， and the difference had statistical significance （χ2=120.728， P<0.01）. The minimum morbidity age was 2-month-old， and the maximum age was 58-year-old. Children aging 3～8 years old were the majority， as 1329 cases accounting for 74.92%. They were mainly students and kindergarten children. There were 689 students， accounting for 38.84%， 652 kindergarten children， accounting for 36.75%， 363 scattered inhabiting children， accounting for 20.46%， and 70 cases with other pathogenesis， accounting for 3.95%. Conclusion Morbidity rate of scarlatina shows its rising trend in Yingkou city during 2005～2014. It is necessary to enhance monitoring and training in school and kindergarten， and develop health education as key points in prevention and control work.