中考英语从句考点全接触

王标

一、宾语从句

用句子做宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句在中考中占有举足轻重的地位，其考点主要集中在引导词、语序、时态以及与简单句之间的转换，现就其用法详述如下：

（一）宾语从句的引导词

宾语从句的引导词根据句式的不同，一般分为三种情况：

1.当宾语从句是陈述句时，其引导词用that。that无具体意义，不用翻译，在口语中可以省略。

2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，其引导词用whether或if，意为“是否”，一般情况下两者可以互换。但当从句中含有or not或从句位于主句中的介词（短语）后时，只能用whether。

3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，引导词就是特殊疑问句中的特殊疑问代词（who， whose， which， what， whom）和特殊疑问副词（when， where， how， why）等，其意义不变。

【中考链接】

1. （2016年河南卷） —What did Tom say to you just now， John？

—He asked _____.

A. why I am so happy today

B. what will I do for the weekend

C. who did I play football with after school

D. if I could go to the movie with him tonight

【答案精析】D。宾语从句要用陈述语序，可先排除B、C两项；由主句中的asked可推知，从句要用与过去相关的时态，排除A项。故选D。答句意为：他问我今天晚上能否去和他一起看电影。引导词用if。

2. （2016年南京卷） —Are you going camping this afternoon？

—A typhoon is coming. Im not sure _____ the road to the mountains will be closed.

A. which B. what

C. whether D. why

【答案精析】C。句意为：——今天下午，你将去野营吗？——台风就要来了。我不能确定通往山区的道路_____关闭。which“哪一个”；what“什么”；whether“是否”；why“为什么”。由句中的“不能确定”可知，后面宾语从句意为“是否关闭”。故选C。

3. （2016年绥化卷） I dont know _____ he will come or not this afternoon.

A. if B. when

C. whether

【答案精析】 C。句意为：我不知道今天下午他来不来。if“是否”；when“什么时候”；whether“是否”，常与or not连用。根据句中的or not可知选C。

4. （2016年天津卷） —Could you tell me _____ youll go to Paris？

—Next month.

A. why B. where

C. when D. how

【答案精析】C。句意为：——你能告诉我你将_____去巴黎吗？——下个月。根据答语“下个月”可知，上句询问的是时间，故C项符合题意。

（二）宾语从句的语序

在含宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句必须使用陈述语序。其结构为“引导词+主语+谓语”，即凡有助动词、情态动词、be动词在从句主语前面的都要调到主语的后面（若是助动词do， does， did，则要去掉）。

【中考链接】

5. （2016年海南卷） They solved the problem in the end. Yet I really dont know _____.

A. how did they make it

B. how they made it

C. why did they make it

【答案精析】B。句意为：他们最后解决了问题。然而我真不知道他们是如何做到的。宾语从句要用陈述语序，而A、C两项都是疑问语序，不符合要求。故选B。

（三）宾语从句的时态

关于宾语从句的时态，我们重点掌握两种情况：

1.当主句的时态是一般现在时、一般将来时，从句中的谓语动词可以根据实际情况使用任何时态。

2.当宾语从句的主句是一般过去时，宾语从句的时态应与主句的时态保持一致，即从句要使用与过去相关的时态。

【温馨提示】当宾语从句的主句是一般过去时，而从句中所叙述的是客观事实或科学真理时，从句的时态不受任何限制，只用一般现在时。

【中考链接】

6. （2016年临沂卷） —Excuse me， do you know _____ yesterday？

—Sure. It closed at 6：00 p.m. yesterday.

A. when the bookstore closes

B. when does the bookstore close

C. when the bookstore closed

D. when did the bookstore close

【答案精析】C。句意為：——打扰一下，你知道昨天商店何时关门的？——当然。昨天下午6点关门。宾语从句语序应为陈述句语序，故可排除B、D两项；根据时间状语yesterday可知用一般过去时。故选C。

7. （2016年内江卷） I didnt hear _____. So I asked him to repeat it.

A. what did he say at the meeting

B. what he said at the meeting

C. where would he spend his holiday

D. where he has spent his holiday

【答案精析】B。句意为：我没有听见他在会议上说的话。因此我让他重复一下。宾语从句应用陈述语序，排除A、C两项；当主句是过去时时，从句一般用与过去相关的时态，D项是现在完成时，故可排除掉。选B。

8. （2016年丹东卷） Our geography teacher told us that the earth _____ the sun.

A. went around

B. goes around

C. is going around

D. was going around

【答案精析】B。句意为：我们地理老师曾告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。地球绕太阳转是客观事实，故从句用一般现在时。选B。

二、状语从句

状语从句在复合句中起状语的作用，修饰主句中的谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。状语从句可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句等。

（一）时间状语从句

时间状语从句通常由when， before， after， as soon as， till， while等引导。在时间状语从句中，当主句是一般将来时时，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

【中考链接】

1. （2016年乌鲁木齐卷） Some people wont realize the importance of their friendship _____ they lose it.

A. after B. when

C. until D. as

【答案精析】C。句意为：一些人直到失去了友谊才意识到它的重要性。after“在……之后”；when“当……时候”；until“直到”； not ... until表示“直到……才”；as“作为，由于”。根据句意可知选C。

2. （2016年西宁卷） When shall we begin our trip？

—Well set out _____ our head teacher arrives.

A. as soon as B. ever since

C. so that D. even though

【答案精析】A。as soon as“一……就”；ever since“自从……以来”；so that“以便，为了”；even though“尽管”。句意为：——我们什么时候开始旅行呢？——校长一到（这里）我们就出发。表示“一……就……”用as soon as。故选A。

3. （2016年重庆A卷） Dont worry. Bill will help you look after your dog when you _____ away on business.

A. are B. were

C. will be D. have been

【答案精析】A。句意为：不要着急，你出差时比尔会帮你照看小狗。根据“主将从现”的原则，即主句为一般将来时，时间状语从句要用一般现在时，故选A。

（二）条件状语从句

条件状语从句通常由if， as long as， unless引导。在条件状语从句中，当主句是一般将来时时，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

【中考链接】

4. （2016年长春卷） —The students of Grade 9 in Changchun have to take part in the P.E. test from 2016.

—Yes， _____ you want to pass it and be stronger， practice more.

A. until B. if

C. unless D. or

【答案精析】B。句意為：——从2016年起，长春市九年级的学生必须参加体育考试。——是的，如果你想通过体育考试并变得更强壮，那么就多加训练。根据句意选B。

5. （2016年宜昌卷） —Learning to love is like learning to walk.

—Yes， _____ we step out bravely， well find its not so difficult.

A. as if B. even though

C. as long as D. as far as

【答案精析】C。答句意为：只要我们勇敢迈出去，就会发现没有那么难。故答案选C。as long as意为“只要”，表示条件。

6. （2016年广东卷） Unless the weather _____， well have to cancel the picnic.

A. improve B. improves

C. improved D. will improve

【答案精析】B。句意为：除非天气状况有所改善，否则我们必须取消野餐。unless相当于if not，意为“除非、如果不”，引导的是条件状语从句，该从句遵从“主将从现”的原则，故用一般现在时。选B。

（三）原因状语从句

原因状语从句通常由because， since， as等连词引导。

【中考链接】

7. （2016年陕西卷） I didnt accept his help _____ I wanted to try it myself.

A. because B. though

C. until D. unless

【答案精析】A。句意為：我没有接受他的帮助，因为我想亲自去尝试。分析该句结构可知，前一个分句（I didnt accept his help）与后一分句（I wanted to try it myself）是因果关系，故答案选A。

（四）比较状语从句

比较状语从句通常由than， as … as等连词引导。

【中考链接】

8. （2016年新疆卷） He is a little _____ than you， but he is as _____ as you.

A. thin； stronger B. thinner； stronger

C. thinner； strong D. thin； strong

【答案精析】C。句意为：他比你瘦点儿，但是和你一样强壮。根据关键词than可知第一个空用比较级；第二个空as … as中间用形容词或副词的原级。故选C。

（五）结果状语从句

结果状语从句由so … that， such … that等引导。

【中考链接】

9. （2016年内江卷） He felt _____ surprised that he couldnt say a word with his mouth wide open.

A. very B. such

C. so D. too

【答案精析】C。句意为：他感到如此意外，以至于嘴巴张得大大的，却一句话也说不出来。such … that … 与so … that … 都有“如此……以至于……”的意思，但such用来强调名词，so用来强调形容词或副词。题干中有形容词surprised，故选C。

（六）目的状语从句

目的状语从句由so that， in order that等引导。

【中考链接】

10. （2016年丹东卷） We must get up early _____ we can catch the first bus to school.

A. so that B. such that

C. in order to D. in order

【答案精析】A。句意为：我们必须早起，以便能赶上第一辆公交车去学校。so that“以便、目的”，引导目的状语从句。故选A。

（七）让步状语从句

让步状语从句由though， although， even though等引导。

【中考链接】

11. （2016年沈阳卷） _____ Simon has done well in his studies， he still works really hard.

A. Although B. Because

C. Unless D. When

【答案精析】A。句意为：尽管西蒙学习很好，但他仍然很努力地学习。由后面的still可知前后句之间是转折关系；has done well in his studies与works really hard之间不存在相反关系，说明前半句应是让步状语从句。although“尽管……但是”，引导让步状语从句；because “因为”，引导原因状语从句；unless“除非”，引导条件状语从句；when“当……时候”，引导时间和宾语状语从句。故选A。

三、定语从句

定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句总是跟在它所修饰的先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中做一个句子成分：关系代词起名词或代词的作用；关系副词起副词或介词短语的作用。

关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致；关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，可以省略。

（一）先行词指人时

先行词指人时，定语从句由who， whom， that 引导，在从句中who和that可以做主语或宾语，whom只做宾语。

【中考链接】

1. （2016年长春卷） Mr. Chen is a teacher _____ I want to learn from. He is so knowledgeable.

A. which B. when

C. who D. what

【答案精析】C。句意为：陈先生是一名老师，我想向他学习。他的知识很渊博。定语从句的先行词是a teacher，指人，故用关系代词who引导从句。故选C。

2. （2016年山西卷） The earth is the planet _____ provides us with everything we need， fresh air， clean water and so on. Its our duty to protect it.

A. who B. that

C. where

【答案精析】B。句意为：地球是为我们提供一切所需的星球，如新鲜的空气、干净的水等。保护它是我们的责任。空格前的先行词planet是表示物的名词，故用关系词which或that引导定语从句。选B。

3. （2016年荆门卷） —Do you know the herb expert， Tu Youyou？

—Yes， she is the first Chinese _____ won a Nobel prize in science.

A. who have B. that have

C. which has D. who has

【答案精析】D。句意為：——你知道药学家屠呦呦吗？——是的，她是中国第一个在科学方面获得诺贝尔奖的人。因为句中先行词为Chinese，且在从句中充当主语，所以引导词应为who / that；又因为先行词Chinese在该句中指代一个人，为名词单数，所以从句中谓语应与其搭配，用has，故答案为D。

（二）先行词指物时

先行词指物时，定语从句由which和that引导。

【中考链接】

4. （2016年大庆卷） Everyone was surprised at the photos _____ were taken by Mr. Thomas in the deep sea.

A. who B. /

C. what D. which

【答案精析】D。句意为：大家都对托马斯先生在深海中拍摄的照片感到好奇。who引导的定语从句的先行词是“人”，在从句中做主语；what不能做定语从句关系词；which引导定语从句时，先行词为“物”。根据前面的先行词the photos可知，要用which引导，故答案为D。

5. （2016年郴州卷） —Which invention do you like best？

—QQ. It is an invention _____ can help us communicate with others online freely.

A. what B. that

C. who

【答案精析】B。句意为：——你最喜欢哪项发明？——QQ。它是一项能免费帮助我们在网上与他人交流的发明。invention是表示事物的名词，故用which或that引导定语从句。故选B。

（三）定语从句中，关系词只用that的情况

先行词为everything， something， anything， nothing等不定代词时。

先行词被all， every， no， some， any， little， much等词修饰时。

先行词被the only， the very， the right等词修饰时。

先行词被形容词最高级或者序数词修饰时。

先行词中同时含有人和物时。

【中考链接】

6. （2016年兰州卷） This is one of the most interesting cities _____ I have ever visited.

A. who B. that

C. which D. where

【答案精析】B。句意为：这是我参观过的最有趣的城市之一。根据先行词cities被形容词最高级the most interesting修饰可知，只能用that。选B。

7. （2015年三明卷） —Is that all？

—Yes. Thats all _____ I want to take.

A. which B. that

C. who D. whose

【答案精析】B。句意为：——就这些吗？——是的，这就我要买的所有东西。which和that先行词都可指物，但当先行词是all等不定代词时，关系代词一般只用that；who只能指人；whose一般在从句中做定语。故选B。

8. （2015年攀枝花卷） I still remember the school and the teachers _____ I visited in Panzhihua years ago.

A. which B. that

C. who D. whom

【答案精析】B。句意为：我依然记得多年前在攀枝花拜访过的学校和老师。定语从句中the school and the teachers为先行词，先行词中同时有人和物时，用that引导定语从句。故选B。

巩固练习：

从题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。

1. —Do you remember _____ he came here？

—Of course I do. His father drove him here.

A. whether B. when

C. how D. why

2. —Dad， my computer doesnt work now. Could you help me， please？

—OK. Let me see _____ I can find out the trouble.

A. where B. how

C. that D. if

3. —What kind of books do you like？

—I like the books _____ are about Chinese history.

A. who B. whom

C. whose D. that

4. —Would you like some fried rice？

—I would rather eat noodles _____ have beef in them.

A. that B. who

C. what D. where

5. —Could you please tell Peter that I want to talk to him？

—Sure. Ill let him know _____ he comes back.

A. as soon as B. while

C. before D. until

6. —Do you know if we will go to the park tomorrow？

—I think well go _____ we dont have too much work.

A. unless B. if

C. so that D. because

7. —How do you like the book？

—Its different from the one _____ I read last month.

A. who B. whom

C. which D. when

8. —That girl is quite lovely.

—Do you mean the girl _____ is standing by the window？

A. which B. whom

C. what D. who

9. —Have you found the information about some famous people _____ you can use for the report.

—Not yet.

A. who B. whom

C. when D. which

10. —Do you like Jay Chou？

—Sure. I like singers _____ music can make me happy.

A. what B. which

C. that D. whose

11. I dont think Mary is _____ athletic as her sister.

A. very B. so

C. too D. quite

12. —Who did English homework better， Leo or Nick？

—Leo was more careful. I think Leo did _____ Nick.

A. as good as B. as well as

C. better than D. worse than

13. —Bill， _____ you have finished your homework， lets go to fly kites now.

—All right.

A. though B. after

C. before D. since

14. —The classroom is _____ clean _____ it was yesterday.

—Sorry， I forgot to clean it.

A. as； as B. so； as

C. not so； as D. more； than

15. They stopped at Hangzhou _____ they could go around West Lake.

A. so as to B. in order to

C. such that D. in order that

16. —Could you tell me _____？

—Yes. To take back my dictionary.

A. why did you come here

B. when do you come here

C. why you came here

D. when you came here

17. I followed him to see _____ he was going， and I was very surprised when he went into the police station.

A. how B. where

C. why D. whether

18. —Nobody knows _____ he was after he graduated from Peking University.

—But I was once told he was a doctor working in a far-away village.

A. what B. who

C. where D. how

19. —Could you tell me _____ to go to Beijing by air？

—Just a minute， please. I have to check my computer.

A. how much does it cost

B. how much did it cost

C. how much it cost

D. how much it costs

20. —Sorry， what did you say just now？

—I asked _____.

A. when did he leave

B. where have you been

C. whom will you go with

D. how I could get to the station

21. —Have you seen the new film？

—Yes. This is the best film _____ has been shown this month.

A. that B. which

C. what D. what

22. The new student _____ name is Tom seems friendly.

A. who B. which

C. whose D. what

23. The TV play is about a true story _____ happened in Anhui in 2011.

A. it B. what

C. that D. when

24. —The mountain village _____ I visited three years ago has changed a lot.

—Really？ I hope to go there one day.

A. that B. who

C. when D. whose

25. The e-mail is from my friend _____ is studying abroad.

A. which B. that

C. whom D. whose

26. I dont have to introduce him to you _____ you know the boy.

A. until B. unless

C. since D. but

27. Scientists say it may be a few years _____ it is possible to test the new medicine on patients.

A. because B. after

C. before D. since

28. —What is our head teacher like， do you know？

—Oh， he is very kind _____ he looks very serious.

A. because B. though

C. if D. when

29. —Please tell me _____ for the meeting yesterday.

—Sorry. The traffic was bad.

A. why you came late

B. why did you come late

C. when you came late

D. when did you come late

30. —Why did Miss Wang look so worried when we saw her？

—Because she wondered _____.

A. where did the other students go

B. when would the policeman come

C. what her students have done during the trip

D. if her students had survived the earthquake

（參考答案见第87页）