植物抗病机理研究最终报告

摘 要：该研究旨在重点阐明植物免疫的信号通路及植物对微生物的抗病机理，同时解析病原微生物致病蛋白的生化功能与作用机理。通过建立健全遗传筛选体系和高效快速的图位克隆技术平台，发现一大批在植物和病原微生物相互作用的动态过程中发挥重要功能的新基因，包括SNC1、DND1、DND2和MOS14等；运用生物化学、细胞生物学以及结构生物学相关体系的分析方法，阐释了这一系列基因的分子生物学及个体水平的功能；在此基础上，通过生物信息学和系统生物学把这一系列结点有机地结合起来，最终构成一张反映植物和病原微生物相互作用全貌的网络。现在为止，周俭民研究组与海南大学何朝祖研究组合作，利用Xcc和拟南芥互作模式系统阐述了黄单胞菌效应蛋白AvrAC的作用机理，揭示了AvrAC独特的生化功能和分子机制。周俭民研究组与柴继杰研究组合作发现了几丁质激活免疫受体CERK1的机理，该项研究为理解植物免疫调控及其它受体激酶的作用方式提供了一个宝贵的模型。张跃林研究组在组成型抗病的拟南芥突变体背景下进行抑制子筛选，找到许多与植物免疫反应相关的重要元件，包括SNC1、DND1、DND2、MOS14等，阐述了这些蛋白在植物免疫反应中的作用机理。柴继杰研究组对植物BRI1受体识别油菜素内酯晶体结构进行了分析，揭示了一种存在于细胞膜上全新的识别甾类激素的结构域。综上所述，3个研究组通过合作或独自研究，阐明了植物免疫的信号通路及植物对微生物的抗病机理，解析了病原微生物致病蛋白的生化功能与作用机理。

关键词：病原微生物 抑制子筛选 几丁质 甾类激素

Study on the Mechanism of Plant Defense Resistance

Zhou Jianmin

（Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology， Chinese Academy of Science）

Abstract：The project aims to reveal the signal transduction pathway of plant immunity and the anti-microbial mechanism of plant， analyze the bio-function of virulence proteins of pathogen. Based on the establishment of an effective genetic screening system and develop of efficient map-based cloning technology， amount of new genes which play important role in the dynamic interplay between plants and pathogens are found， including SNC1、DND1、DND2、MOS14. The molecular biology function of these genes is characterized through biochemistry， cell biology and structural biology analysis method. Each sole biology events is integrated by bioinformatics and systems biology， which reflects the network of plants and pathogens interaction. So far， A joined team led by Professor Jian-Min Zhou of the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology， CAS and Professor Zhaozu He from Hainan University reveal the unique biochemical function of effector AvrAC from Xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris （Xcc） and illustrate the molecular mechanism by which the Xcc bacterium combats the plant innate immune system. A joined group led by Professor Jian-Min Zhou of the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology， CAS and Professor Jijie Chai of Tsinghua University discovered the mechanism by which the receptor CERK1 is activated by chitin. This work provides great insights into plant immunity and the mechanism of other receptor kinase. The team led by Professor Yuelin Zhang set up a genetic screen system to find the suppressor of a constitutively active defense response mutants snc1 and get amount of important components of plant immunity， including SNC1、DND1、DND2、MOS14. The biology function of these genes in plant immunity is well characterized. The group led by Professor Jijie Chai of Tsinghua University present the crystal structure of BRI1 in free and brassinolide-bound forms， which reveals a new membrane domain binding steroidal hormone. In conclusion， the research of these three group elucidate the signal transduction pathway of plant immunity and the anti-microbial mechanism of plant， reveal the biochemical function and molecular mechanism of virulence proteins of pathogen.

Key Words：Pathogenic microbes； Suppressor screening； Chitin； Steroid hormone

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