曾佩云
摘 要: 本文以倒装句的实际应用教学为例,尝试采用话题式语法教学策略及A R C教学法,力求摆脱语法教学费时低效现象,真正实现有效教学,提高学生的语言能力。
关键词: 话题式语法教学 A R C教学法 有效教学
一、问题的提出
长期以来,在中学英语语法教学中,教与学的手段和方法较单一,注重对规则的详细讲解及大量机械化的训练,学生的学停留在语言知识的层面,不能内化成技能,因此,面对枯燥晦涩的语法规则,他们总感到兴趣索然,导致语法教学一直存在费时低效的现象,学生不能真正提高语言能力。
二、理论依据
余文森教授提出了能力导向的有效教学,有效的内容表现在能力的变化、提升和发展上,而不是简单的知识获得和掌握。赵大中(2013)提出“基于话题设计”的语法教学模式,即“根据所学语法选择合适话题,设计综合的交流任务,使学生有机会辨认、运用所学语法知识,在综合语言实践活动中提高语法技能,并形成综合语言运用能力”(程岚等,2012)。英国语言学家Jim Scrivener在Learning Teaching:A Guidebook for English Language Teachers一书中介绍了A R C教学法,即语法学习一般需要通过呈现(Clarification and focus)、巩固(Restricted use)和活用(Authentic use),才能真正会用。笔者以北师大版Module8Unit23Lesson1Grammer倒装句的实际应用教学为例,尝试采用话题式语法教学策略及A R C教学法,希望学生流利地运用倒装句,使语法知识上升为语言能力,与此同时,对学生进行爱校、拼搏、友爱等情感态度价值观的教育。
三、实施过程
首先,学生角色表演Lesson One Drummer hits the road,调动大家参与的序幕,并自然地引出学生熟悉的倒装句话题,实现教学预热。然后,围绕倒装句的实际应用,精心设计三个话题进行语法呈现归纳巩固及应用。
1. Presentation: Read and find out the basic rules.
①At the foot of Shigu Mountain stands our school. ②Never before have I seen such a beautiful school. ③Not only are the teachers hard-working but also kind-hearted. ④Not only do the students work hard but also they obey the rules. ⑤In class,they can’t make noise,neither can they sleep. ⑥If you have any problems,you can ask the headmaster for help,so can we. ⑦Were I you,I would choose No.1 Middle School. ⑧Only when you choose it will you succeed. ⑨So much do I love my school that I will never forget it. ⑩Young as we are,we know what we should do for our future.
(话题1:呈现学校总体情况“景美人美”及“选择一中选择成功”的口号。会心一笑中,学生讨论并总结所学过的规则,课堂进展有热度。)
2. Consolidation: Rewrite to make the passage sound more emphatic.
Xiao Li was my classmate. Although he is poor,he is warm-hearted. He not only studies very well,but also likes helping others. That day,while I was doing my homework.,I found the math problem was so difficult that I couldn’t work it out.. My deskmate couldn’t,either. I had hardly given it up when Ii came to me. Finally,I finished my homework only with his help. I was so grateful to him that I gave him a big hug. I have never met such a poor but kind-hearted man .If he hadn’t helped me. I wouldn’t have finished my homework so perfectly.
(话题2:呈现学生进取互助精神。在熟悉的话题中,通过改句对倒装句进行巩固,使难点突破有梯度。)
3. Application:Make as many reverted sentences as possible after observing the pictures.
(话题3:引导学生观察一组简笔画——学生踢球闹矛盾,最终在老师帮助下得以解决;对接受的信息进行加工内化,用倒装句写作。最后,老师对学生当堂展示的作品进行点拨:语言形式流利度及表达的完整性,以期提高认知能力,达到有厚度的语言输出,并且达到为下一课听力内容——解决矛盾的教学进行铺垫。)
四、结语
本课围绕“话题引领”的活动内容,采用A R C教学法,从学生熟悉的学习生活中编造素材,实现交际的真实性,调动学生的参与性,消除纯语法教学的无聊感,有学生表演讨论归纳时呈现的热度,巩固时难点突破有梯度,写作时语言输出有厚度,提高语言能力,并通过三个话题激发学生爱校、拼搏、团结的品质,实现知识、技能和情感等多维目标,同时为下堂课进行铺垫。