刘德凤
摘 要: 高中英语写作应试中,要想得高分,就要尽量在英语写作中用一些高级词汇,内容上求达求雅,同时注意过渡性词汇的应用。
关键词: 高中英语 写作应试 高分技巧
中国自加入WTO后国际竞争力越来越强,这就对中国人的英语写作水平提出了更高的要求。在高中英语学习阶段,考试试题中的英语写作为25分,占整个试卷分值(150分)的1/6。这个部分既是学生容易得分又最容易失分的地方。因此,学生在掌握正确的英语写作步骤的同时,掌握英语写作的高分技巧显得更有必要。
首先,无论写什么样的文章,都不能离开文章的主题。主题是文章所要表达的中心,是文章的灵魂。如果审不清主题,就有可能出现“下笔千言,离题万里”的情况。因此,审好题是英语写作得高分的前提和基础。其次,提纲是文章的基本框架,是执笔行文时的依据,提纲直接关系到文章的质量。写文章之前列一个提纲是个非常好的写作习惯,不但可以使杂乱无章的材料变得井然有序,而且可以紧扣文章主题不跑题。再次,确定好文章中心后,列好提纲,方可动笔写作。在写作过程中,如果仅仅局限在把内容交代清楚上,只选用一些普通的、平淡的或者一律使用简单句平铺直叙,那么写出来的文章就像白开水一样平淡无味。要想把文章写得优美,耐人寻味,有深度,就要尝试使用一些高级词汇或复杂句型,凸显文章的亮点,给文章增添色彩。
1.尽量在英语写作中使用一些高级词汇、词组、习语等。
We saw (witnessed) an accident yeaterday.
I have no money (can’t afford) to buy it.
2.既求达又求雅已经成为高考书面表达的高分评判依据之一。
要避免单调、呆板的句子,尽量丰富、灵活地使用不同的句式,尤其经典句型力求多记忆、多运用。句式灵活多变使文章生动、活泼、流畅,更能够体现较强的书面表达能力。
①使用复合句:I hope that kind of activity will continue in the future. (宾语从句)
As a student,I’m strongly for the activity because it is very meaningful and helpful. (状语从句)
The activity,which is intended to promote friendship and encourage economy,is highly praised and supported by the teachers and students in our school. (定语从句)
②使用it句型:It is said that one third of the graduates of this university haven’t found a job so far.
It is necessary for you lock the car when you do not use it.
③使用倒装句、强调句、虚拟语气等:Only in this way can you hope to make improvements in the operating system.
It was what the headmaster said at the meeting that really surprised us.
If it had not been for your advice, I really don’t know what should have done.
④使用独立主格结构、分词结构、动名词、不定式:The football math (being) over,crowds of people poured out into the street.(独立主格结构)
Tom’s being late for school made the teacher angry. (动名词短语作定语)
3.恰到好处使用一些过渡性词汇。
语句间的连接词能起到穿针引线的作用,使文章结构紧凑,上下连贯,自然流畅。语言的连贯性主要表现在文章的内部的内容之间的因果、递进、并列等的关系上。过渡性词汇主要以连词为主,同时有很多副词和介词短语,我们平时要熟记并运用好这些过渡词。
①表示时间的过渡性词语:first, then, next, finally; firstly, secondly... finally; for one thing, for another; on one hand, on the other hand; in the past, at present, in the future; in the end, at last; recently, after a while, at first, all of a sudden.
②表示空间的过渡性词语:on the right/left; on one side of... on the other side of; at the foot/top/end of; in the middle/center of; in front of; at the back of; next to.
③表示递进的过渡性词语:what’s more; moreover; furthermore; besides; in addition to; to make things worse; still; also; not only...but also...; even; as well; the most important of all; worst of all; especially; in particular.
④表示解释说明的过渡性词语:for example, for instance, such as, that is, in other words, in this/that case, in fact, actually, personally, and so on.
⑤表示并列转折关系的过渡性词语:and, or, but, yet, however, while, otherwise, on the contrary, despite, in spite of, after all, instead of .
⑥表示条件关系的过渡性词语:as(so)long as, on condition that, if, unless, once.
⑦表示因果关系的过渡性词语:because, because of; for, now that; thanks to...; due to...; as a result(of); one reason is that ..., another reason is that; for one reason, for another reason; therefore; so; thus
⑧表示让步关系的过渡性词语:as, even if, even though, whether... or...
⑨表示强调的过渡语:indeed, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all.
⑩表示概括归纳的过渡性词语:in a word, in short, generally speaking, as far as I know, as we know, on the whole.
4.对原文进行一定的修改。
要提高英语写作水平,除了准确的遣词造句、严谨布局外,文章的修改也是很重要的一步。文章写好后,要经过反复修改润色,才能够措辞准确,句子流畅,布局严谨,因此,修改文章是提高英语写作水平的有效方法。
修改文章时要做到六看:看体裁和格式是否正确,看要点是否齐全,看时态是否一致,看主谓是否一致,看人称是否一致,看句子结构是否完整。
5.书写要规范,卷面要整洁。
高考英语写作是人工阅卷,整洁的卷面、漂亮的书写会给阅卷老师留下一个良好的印象,是一篇文章得高分的前提。所以,我们在英文写作时,一定要注意避免标点符号使用不规范,字母大小写随意,字迹潦草不清,卷面乱涂乱画,随意抄袭试卷中的阅读理解等,这些会导致低分情况出现。
总之,要写好一篇文章,我们平时要多读、多写、多记一些“高级”词汇和句型,注意知识的积累,打下扎实的语言知识基础,同时有计划地对写作进行强化训练。经过一段时间的训练,相信我们的英语写作能力一定会上一个新台阶,在英语考试中能够充分发挥自己的英语写作优势,取得优异的成绩。