高考英语摘要写作技巧的指导

张绵

一、问题的提出

从2007年开始，广东高考英语写作由原来的书面表达变为基础写作和任务型写作两部分，分值也由25分增至40分（基础写作15分，任务型写作25分）。基础写作的要求较任务型写作简单些，旨在考察学生用英语准确表达的能力。任务型写作难度大些，属于半开放式作文形式。对于高三学生来讲，在这么短的时间里要把文章读懂并能抓住主旨大意不是容易的，因此也就成为考生写作上最难完成的任务，或可以说是学生写作的弱项。二、摘要写作分文体进行指导

下面呈现本人在高三英语教学中对学生进行摘要写作指导的一个课例，并做分析。

1. 三种文体的特点及摘要写作要点，见图1

2. 实际演练

A. 议论文摘要写作模式

在首段/末段中找出论点，在其他段中找出论据——归纳论点、论据，行文成段。

Getting up early has been regard as a good habit since ancient times. Many years ago， people thought that if we went to bed early and get up early， we would be energetic the whole day. Thus， getting up early is of great importance to us all.

In fact， morning is the best time of a day. In the morning， the air is the freshest. Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than any other time of the day. If we do some morning exercise in the morning， we can build our bodies and become much healthier. Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early. However， if we get up late， we will probably have to do everything in a great hurry.

Let us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it. If we stick to getting up early every day， we will certainly benefit a lot from it.

如上文论点用斜体加下线划出；论据用下线表示，用自己的话进行归纳：

The passage says getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot. It enables us to have a better memory， healthier body and better preparation for the day.（该摘要范例）

B. 记叙文摘要写作模式

什么人——做什么事——怎样做——结果是/有什么启示

I am Hilary， a girl who plays the piano， I can still remember on May I took part in my schools big talent showcase.

Though I was eager to show off my stuff， I had a feeling that I was going to mess up. I tried going over my music in my mind. Still I just knew I would mess up. When its my turn， I walked to the piano as calmly as possible， sat down， took a deep breath and played the first part. Then I forgot the next note. I froze.

With determination， I played the beginning again， and froze again. I kept playing the beginning again， and messing up. The crowd in the audience was cheering for me， but I just kept messing up！ But I knew the song！ I was determined to get right！

I concentrated， positioned my fingers on the keys and ready to start again. Then I heard my moms scream of encouragement. That scream got me going！ I tried again. I finally completed my song！ I went on to the next one and completed it perfectly.

Who： Hilary

What： She messed up when taking part in the showcase.

How： With determination and her mothers encouragement

Whats the result？ She eventually completed it perfectly.

上文摘要可以是：

When taking part in a showcase， Hilary messed up because of nervousness. But with her determination and encouragement from her mother， she didnt give up and eventually completed it perfectly.

如上所示：找到了记叙文的基本要素后，按时间顺序理出结果。如果是夹叙夹议的记叙文，一定要简单叙，着重议，即得到什么启示很重要。

责任编辑邱丽