话题4 日常活动（Daily routines）

符丽雪

一、命题预测

常活动指的是（1）Getting ready （做好准备，为上学、睡觉、玩耍等做好准备）；（2）Dressing， brushing teeth， washing hands and face， taking a shower， etc. （洗浴穿戴，包括刷牙、洗手、冲凉，穿衣等等）；（3）Eating （用餐，包括早餐、中餐、晚餐、吃点心等）；（4）Daily chores （日常家务，包括整理、扫地、洗碗碟、做饭等）；（5）Homework （做作业，包括读书、写作、学习等）；（6）Family time （家庭时间、聚会，包括看电视、外出、访客等）。

2008年至2015年的高考英语全国卷书面表达中考查“日常生活”话题的不多，2014年课标Ⅱ卷“十年后的我”涉及到了此话题，要求考生写“家庭”。其它年份较少涉及。对于2016年全国卷的书面表达，命题人有可能在写作的某一方面要求考生介绍家庭活动情况，包括饮食，家庭聚会、个人的日常生活等。

二、常用短语

1. as usual照例

2. do the cleaning搞卫生

3. share meals with 聚餐

4. take a shower 洗澡

5. stay up late熬夜

6. be accustomed to doing sth. 习惯做某事

7. do physical exercise 进行体育锻炼

8. get into the habit of doing sth. 养成做某事的习惯

9. prepare dinner 准备晚餐

10. take/do some sports 做运动

11. in ones spare/free time 在某人的业余时间

12. have breakfast（ lunch， supper）吃早餐、午餐、晚餐

13. perform the routine of ... 执行……例程

14. sweep the floor 扫地

15. surf（on）the Internet 上网

三、套用句式

1. Do you brush your teeth， listen to your favourite songs， or stretch for a few minutes？ 你是否会在睡前刷牙，听首自己喜欢的歌，花几分钟伸伸懒腰呢？

2. To rise early is a good habit we should cultivate， because the best time when we can study is in the morning and early rise is also good to our health. 早起是我们应该养成的一种良好习惯， 因为早晨是我们学习的最好时光，早起还对我们健康有益。

3. I make it a rule to rise early every morning， take a cold bath， go out for a walk and then attend to my daily lessons with a clean head. 我每天通常早起，洗个冷水澡，到外面散个步，然后再以清醒的头脑完成每天的功课。

4. There is no denying that its very important for us to form a good habit of study. 不可否认，形成一种良好的学习习惯对于我们来说是很重要的。

5. We must be engaged in sports or outing so as to build up our bodies. 我们必须从事运动或郊游以便强壮我们的身体。

四、习作修改（做短文改错，背经典范文）

Dear James，

Its pleasure for me to tell you my plan of that coming summer holiday after the college entrance examination. First of all， a good rest will be needed while I do feel tired after the hard work for the college entrance examination. And of course， on the rest following months Ill also do some reading for fun and for knowledges as well. Besides， Ill spend some time staying with my parents， do some chores since they have been done so much for me. In the meanwhile， I will perform lots of daily routines but also accumulate living experience so as to develop your ability of independence and cultivate a sense of responsibility. All in all， Ill make a fully preparation for college life.

Best wishes！

Li Hua

五、课堂练习

假如你是李华，你校正向广大学生征集有关高中生在家表现的调查。请你根据调查获得的情况及原因用书信的形式给学校领导写份汇报，主要内容要点：

1. 调查情况（包括时间、对象、结果）。

2. 调查结果的主要原因。

3. 你的建议。

注意：1. 词数100左右。

2. 可以适当添加细节，以使行文连贯。

3. 结束语已为你写好。

[写作指导]

第一步，认真审题。

1. 审文体：书信

2. 审时态：以一般现在时为主。

3. 审人称：以第一人称和第三人称为主。

4. 审写作对象：校长

5. 审写作目的：汇报调查情况及原因并提出建议

第二步，基本内容及结构。

根据内容要点依次写：调查的基本情况，根据调查结果阐述原因，根据结果和原因提出合理建议。

第三步：根据需要，拓展信息。

本题是根据调查情况及原因而写的一篇汇报，考生可根据给出的基本要点进行扩充。

1. 调查情况。除写出调查的时间，对象外，对于结果可进行拓展，如大部分高中生不做家务，甚至不洗内衣裤。

2. 主要原因：这一点也需要考生进行拓展，不做家务的主要原因可能是：课业负担重，不知如何做家务，上网，父母包办等等。

3. 你的建议。父母不要溺爱孩子，孩子应学会合理安排时间等等。

第四步，信息表达。

根据以上增加细节，拓展要点后，用英语表达出来。

第五步，仔细检查，认真誊写。

Dear headmaster，

Its my pleasure to report to you on how the senior high school students perform at home nowadays.

…

Sincerely yours，

Li Hua

六、课外作业

为了帮助中学生健康成长，某中学英文报开辟了“HEART-TO-HEART”专栏。假设你是该栏目的编辑李华， 收到一封署名为Worried的求助信。信中该同学向你诉说了自己的困扰：学习负担重，容易发脾气，使正常的学习和生活受到了影响。请按下列要点给该同学写一封回信：

1. 表示理解并给予安慰。

2. 提出建议并说明理由。

注意：1. 词数100左右。

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

3. 开头语及结束语已为你写好。

Hi， Worried，

Im sorry to know that youre having such a bad time because of the heavy homework at the moment.

…

Yours，

Li Hua

参考答案与范文

四、习作修改

给James 写信，告知自己在高考后的暑期计划。

1. 在pleasure前加a 因Its a pleasure for sb. to do sth. （某人做某事是件快乐的事）是固定句式。

2. that →this 指代未来，用this。

3. while →because 引导原因状语从句。

4. on→during 表示“在……期间”。

5. knowledges →knowledge 不可数名词没有复数形式。

6. do some chores→doing some chores 已有谓语动词will do而do前又没有并列连词，所以do是非谓语动词；I与do是主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语。

7. have 后删除been 是主动语态。

8. but →and 前后没有转折关系。

9. your →my 与上下文的主语I一致。

10. fully →full 作定语要用名词。

五、课堂练习

Dear headmaster，

Its my pleasure to report to you on how the senior high school students perform at home nowadays.

I have conducted my survey among the senior three students in our school. As my survey shows， most of the students never do housework and some even never wash their own socks or underwear. There are many reasons for that. On the one hand， in order to get higher scores， some students stay up late into night， so parents have done everything for them. On the other hand， others chat on the Internet， addicted to playing games regardless of their routine housework.

From the above， I think parents should stop helping their kids， otherwise they will spoil them. And if students learn to do housework and arrange their time properly， they will grow up healthily.

Sincerely yours，

Li Hua

六、课外作业

Hi， Worried，

Im sorry to know that youre having such a bad time because of the heavy homework at the moment. The truth is that everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be going wrong， so you dont have to worry much. The important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not do or say anything youll regret. Here are three useful suggestions：

First， talk to someone you trust about how you feel. This is a good way of letting your anger out without hurting others or yourself. Second， go outdoors and play team games with your friends as physical exercise is as effective way to get rid of anger. And third， remain optimistic about your future. Such a positive attitude towards life can be helpful in lifting your spirits.

I hope youll soon feel calmer and carry on as normal.

Yours，

Li Hua

（作者单位：广东广州市萝岗区教育科研与发展中心）

责任编辑 蒋小青