话题23 社会（Society）

丁志文

一、命题预测

本话题涉及的面广，范围宽，题材丰富。命题人可能要求考生就其中的一个方面写一篇文章介绍一个民族（Nationality and people）、著名人物（Famous people）、某地的特定的法律（law）、人们的穿着（Ways of dressing）、宗教文化（Religions and culture）及习俗（Customs and culture）。现就其中一两个话题作为示范供同学们写作时参考。

二、常用短语

1. be strict with/ in严格要求

2. become/ be famous for...因为……而闻名

3. be absorbed in热衷于

4. be enthusiastic about对……热情

5. be exposed to 处于；暴露于……

6. be highly respected by 深受……的尊敬

7. achieve / realize ones dream 实现梦想

8. award sb. sth. /award sth. to sb.颁发某物给某人

9. have no choice but to put up with 别无他择只好忍受

10. without any argument 毫无异议

11. a man of great achievements 一个具有伟大成就的人

12. the influence of different values 不同价值观的影响

13. Where there is a will， there is a way. 有志者事竟成。

14. make great contributions to ones country为国家做出巨大贡献

15. give sb. new courage to face life cheerfully 给某人新的勇气欣然面对人生

三、套用句式

1. Nowadays people in every field are exposed to influences of different values. 现在各个领域的人们都处于各种价值观的影响。

2. It is by working hard that scientists can make great contributions to the world. 只有勤奋工作，科学家们才能为世界做出巨大的贡献。

3. Only when we are absorbed in our work can we find a proper way to achieve our dreams. 只有全身心投入工作，我们才能找到适当的办法实现我们的梦想。

4. As the saying goes， “No pains ， no gains.” 名言说得好，“无劳则无获”。

5. He was very strict in his research， which made him a great success in that field. 他在研究工作中十分严谨，这使得他在那个领域中大获成功。

四、习作修改（做短文改错，背经典范文）

I couldnt believe my ears when I heard my name calling. I was chosen to play the leading role in the play，that was my dream. As a shy and thin girl，I used to be quite afraid of speaking in the public. But my parents and teachers always encourage me to do so. Now I have changed great. In class，I am often the first one to stand up and answer questions even if I may made some mistakes. No pains， no gains. Now I am always brave enough overcome the difficulty in my heart and have changed in a lively girl. So my experience shows that we should not be afraid of losing face but only in this way can we make progresses.

五、课堂练习

假定你是光明中学的高三学生李华，你们年级准备开展一个主题为“向科学家学习”的演讲比赛。请你根据以下提纲准备一篇演讲稿。

1. 你最崇拜的一位科学家。

2. 他（她）的主要成就及对你的影响。

注意：

1. 词数100左右。

2. 可以适当添加细节，以使行文连贯。

3. 开头和结尾已为你写好。

Hello， everyone！ My favorite scientist is...

…

Thats all. Thank you！

[过程指导]

第一步，认真审题。

1. 审文体： 介绍科学家，是说明文。

2. 审时态：以一般现在时和一般过去时为主。

3. 审人称：以第三人称为主。

4. 审要点：认真查看所给提示，包括情景说明。

第二步，增加细节，拓展要点。

要点1写，开门见山，你崇拜的是哪位科学家，然后简单介绍其出生年月、毕业院校、工作经历、研究领域等。

要点2写，他的主要成就与对你的影响。

第三步，翻译表达，注意连贯。

第四步，检查核对。

从时态、人称、句式、词组及短语等方面细查。

第五步，规范誊写。

严格按规范的书写完成作文。

六、课外作业

假定你是育才中学高三（1）班学生李华，年级要求你向全体同学报告一个振奋人心的消息，我国女科学家屠呦呦由于青蒿素的发现和在治疗疟疾方面的杰出成就和贡献，成为中国大陆第一个赢得诺贝尔医学奖的科学家。请根据以下要点写一篇演讲稿。

1. 简介科学家屠呦呦。

2. 她及她的团队所取得的成就。

3. 这一事件所产生的影响。

注意：1. 词数100左右。

2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

3. 开头和结尾已为你写好。

参考词汇：the Lasker Award拉斯克奖（医学奖） artemisinin青蒿素malaria 疟疾

Hello， everyone！My favorite scientist is Tu Youyou.

...

Thats all. Thank you！

参考答案与范文

四、习作修改

I couldnt believe my ears when I heard my name I was chosen to play the leading role in the play， was my dream. As a shy and thin girl，I used to be quite afraid of speaking in public. But my parents and teachers always me to do so. Now I have changed In class，I am often the first one to stand up and answer questions even if I may some mistakes. No pains， no gains. Now I am always brave enough overcome the difficulty in my heart and have changed a lively girl. So my experience shows that we should not be afraid of losing face only in this way can we make

试题分析：

1. calling →called 动词hear的宾语my name与动词call之间构成被动关系，用过去分词called做宾语补足语。

2. that→which 因that是不能引导非限制性定语从句的，用which指代先行词，在句中做主语。

3. 去掉public前的the 因in public（当众）是固定搭配。

4. encourage →encouraged 本文叙述的是一件过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。

5. great →greatly 修饰谓语动词have changed，用副词greatl做状语。

6. made→make 因为情态动词后要接动词原形。

7. enough 后面加to 不定式放在形容词brave后面做结果状语。

8. change in →change into 固定搭配change... into（把……变成……）。

9. but →and 句意：我的经历说明我们不应该害怕丢脸，只有这样我们才可以取得进步。上下文之间是并列顺接的关系，不存在转折关系。

10. progresses →progress 名词progress（进步）是不可数名词，没有复数形式。

五、课堂练习

Hello，everyone！My favorite scientist is Yuan Longping.

Yuan Longping，an ordinary-looking scientist of great achievements， is known as Chinas “father of hybrid rice”. He was born in September， 1930， and graduated from Agriculture Department in Southwest Agricultural Institute. He has been working on agriculture education and research into hybrid rice since he left the institute. In the 1960s， when China was suffering serious famine， he was absorbed in the research of hybrid rice， which has a higher yield. He succeeded in developing a new species that produced a 20 percent higher yield than common types of rice. Yuan has devoted himself to the research and has made great contributions to mankind. He bas been honored many times by the state and international organizations. Although he is over 80 years old， he is still working on his hybrid rice， aiming to achieve even greater achievements.

Thats all. Thank you！

六、课外作业

Hello，everyone！My favorite scientist is Tu Youyou.

Tu Youyou， together with other two， jointly won the 2015 Nobel Prize for medicine for their work against parasitic diseases （寄生虫病）. She has made great contributions to reducing the death rate of malaria （疟疾）， minimizing patients suffering and promoting mankinds health. In fact， Tu has won some attention when she got the Lasker Award in 2011. As the first Chinese mainland Nobel Prize Winner of natural science award， Tus winning completely surprised Chinese people.

Tu Youyou is the first Chinese scientist to win a Nobel Prize for the work carried out within China for 40 years. Although the Nobel Prize did not come to her until four decades later， it is definitely one of the most privilege rewards that recognizes Tus devotion and perseverance in discovering artemisinin （青蒿素）. Her success is a reminder that science is never about instant success.

Thats all. Thank you！

（作者单位：广东深圳市松岗中学）

责任编辑 蒋小青