话题19 世界和环境（The world and the environment）

葛莉萍

一、命题预测

命题人可能要求考生写一篇关于环保、世界和平及世界文化交流的演讲稿、邀请函、电子邮件，相关辩论赛的报道，相关文章的读后感和电影影评。

二、常用短语

1. in the long run从长远来看

2. at home and abroad国内外

3. global warming全球变暖

4. cut down on the number of...减少……的数量

5. develop renewable resources发展可再生资源

6. deal with rubbish properly正确处理垃圾

7. eco-friendly products生态友好的产品

8. environmentally friendly环保的

9. intercultural communication跨文化交际

10. rich cultural blend丰富多彩的文化交融

11. unity and diversity统一性和多样性

12. international relationship国际关系

三、套用句式

1. It is high time that we took measures to protect the environment. 是我们采取行动来保护环境的时候了。

2. It takes many years to grow a tree but a day to cut it down.砍树容易种树难。

3. The world is no longer what it used to be.世界不再是过去那样子了。

4. China has the largest population in the world.中国是世界上人口最多的国家。

5. Globalization makes the world smaller like a village， where villagers have more opportunities to admire the beauty of other countries. 全球化促成了地球村，让人们更有机会欣赏不同文化之美。

四、习作修改（做短文改错，背经典范文）

Dear Chris，

Im Li Jin， monitor of Class One， Grade Eleven. Im very delighted to learn that youre coming to our class to study with us as exchange student the next term. Welcome to our class！

It is a great honor for me to tell you some informations relevant to the local life. First，our traditional foods are dumplings and rice. I hope you can enjoy it. In addition，the climate here is very similar to there in the USA，so there was no need for you to worry about it. Now，Ill introduce our class to you. Our class is made up of 52 students，all of them are friendly and hard-working. Undoubted，you can get along well with them. Our teachers are kind to us but treat us as their friends. Last of all，to promote the understanding and friendship between the students of the two countries，I hope you can do something，such as helping us practice our spoken English，and introduce something about American culture.

Looking forward to seeing you.

Yours，

Li Jin

五、课堂练习

假定你是育才中学高三（1）班学生李华，上周三，你班针对当前世界范围内日益凸现的全球化（globalization）现象进行了一次辩论赛，请根据以下内容写一篇报道。

1. 辩论赛的主题、时间、地点、参加人员。

2. 赞成及反对的理由。

3. 你的看法。

注意：1. 词数100左右。

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

3. 开头和结语已为你写好。

In the global information age，globalization is becoming increasingly evident around the world...

[过程指导]

第一步，认真审题。

1. 审文体：除去开头报道辩论赛的时间地点外，辩论赛的内容属于观点对比的议论文。

2. 审时态：报道辩论赛时间地点用一般过去时，后面观点对比以一般现在时为主。

3. 审人称：以第一、三人称为主。

4. 审要点：审题时，写作要点不仅仅是下面的1、2、3，还包括交待写作任务前的情景说明。

第二步，确定结构。

可按3个写作要点分为三段。另2个要点也可分为两段。

第三步，确定内容。（略）

第四步，确定语言。

开头段，可以使用主动语态，也可以用被动语态。如：

Last Wednesday，we held a debate on the increasing globalization in Class 1，Senior 3. （主动语态）

Last Wednesday，a heated debate concerning the issue of globalization was held in Class 1，Senior 3. （被动语态）

中间段，可以参考观点对比议论文模板。

Last Monday，we had a discussion/debate about__________（主题）. There are two opposite opinions about it. Those who favour the idea think_________（支持的理由一）. Whats more，___________（理由二）. Moreover，___________（理由三）.

On the other hand，the majority of the students are against the opinion. Firstly，________（反对的理由一）. Beside，______________（理由二）. Finally，_________（理由三）.

Personally，I think _________________（我的观点） because/for the reason that __________（原因）.

结尾段，首先要表明个人观点并辅以简要的理由，有很多导入方法。如：as far as Im concerned，personally，in my opinion，from my point of view，from my perspective，...

写结论句时，要在内容上抓住主题总结全文，本文推荐使用倒装句。如：Only if we keep pace with the trend of globalization，can we accelerate the process of economic and cultural development internationally.

六、课外作业

假定你是光明中学的高三学生李华，你们年级准备开展主题为“保护环境，人人有责”的演讲比赛。请你根据以下提纲准备一篇演讲稿。

1. 当前地球的环境状况。

2. 形成原因。

3. 解决方法。

注意：1. 词数100左右。

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

3. 开头和结语已为你写好。

Good morning，everyone！It is my honor to be here to share with you my opinions on what to do to protect the environment.

…

Thank you！

四、习作修改

1. 在exchange student 前加an 因exchange student为可数名词单数，且exchange以元音音素开头。

2. 删除next term 前面的定冠词the 以说话人说话的时间为参照点不要the，以另一个时间、事件为参照点才用the。

3. informations→information 因information为不可数名词。

4. it→them 指代前面的各种食物foods。

5. there→that 在比较句型中，that指代前面同类的单数名词或不可数名词，此处that指代美国的天气climate。

6. was→is 和全文主时态保持一致。

7. them→whom或者在all of them前面加and 因all of whom引导非限制性定语从句，而and连接两个并列的分句。

8. Undoubted→Undoubtedly 副词修饰句子。

9. but→and 因are kind to us 与treat us as their friends之间是并列关系。

10. introduce→introducing 因introducing和helping并列作such as的宾语。

五、课堂练习

In the global information age，globalization is becoming increasingly evident around the world. Last Wednesday，a heated debate concerning the issue of globalization was held in Class 1，Senior 3. All the students participated in it.

Sixty percent of the students support the point that globalization is of great benefit to us，which has driven the rapid development of international trade and promote world economy. In addition，globalization makes the world smaller like a village，where “villagers” have more opportunities to appreciate the beauty of other cultures.

However，those who hold the opposite opinion think that globalization actually widens the gap between the rich and the poor，causing great social conflicts. Besides，developed countries have an advantage over developing countries in making rules.

As far as Im concerned，globalization is a challenge as well as an opportunity. Only if we keep pace with the trend of globalization，can we accelerate the process of economic and cultural development internationally.

六、课外作业

Good morning，everyone！ It is my honor to be here to share with you my opinions on what to do to protect the environment.

With world economy developing and global warming worsening，many serious problems arise on the earth. Not only are air and water polluted，but many animals are endangered with their habitats destroyed. Worse still，glaciers on the poles are melting at an accelerating rate and the sea level is rising dramatically.

Investigating the root cause of the phenomena，we find it is the boom of economy that leads people to try all means to satisfy their personal desires shortsightedly. On one hand，people cut down trees and change forests into cultivated land，leaving birds and animals homeless. On the other hand，factories and motor vehicles give out poisonous gases into the air，which increases the amount of carbon dioxide.

From my perspective，it is high time that we took measures to protect our planet. First，laws should be made to limit the emission of chemical gases and water. Then，we should develop renewable resources instead of exhausting the fossil fuel. Last but not least，the public awareness of environment protection is expected to be enhanced as well.

Thank you！

（作者单位：广东深圳市松岗中学）

责任编辑 蒋小青