话题22 地理与历史（History and geography）

纪乐佳

一、命题预测

命题人可能要求考生写介绍某一地点及其历史的邮件或回信、介绍家乡或旅游景点的发言稿、介绍历史文化的活动贴、报刊中“地理与历史”栏目的约稿信等，这些都需介绍地理与历史及其相关内容。

二、常用短语

1. be located in/lie in位于

2. consist of/ be made up of由……组成

3. with/cover/have an area of...占地（面积）……

4. with/have a history of...有……的历史

5. have/with a population of...有……的人口

6. be rich/abundant in在……方面很丰富

7. study Chinese history学习中国历史

8. had its origins in； originated from/with起源于

9. protect cultural relics/heritage保护文化遗产

10. the brilliant history and culture灿烂的历史文化

11. a country with an ancient civilization一个文明古国

12. learn about our national culture了解我们的民族文化

13. natural and tourism resources自然资源和旅游资源

14. historical site； places of historic interest古迹，历史遗迹

15. be famous for its history of civilization以其文明的历史而著称

16. be considered（as/to be）a country with a long history被认为是具有悠久历史的国家

三、套用句式

1. China， covering an area of 9， 600， 000 square kilometers， has a population of 1.3 billion， consisting of 56 nationalities.中国有着960万平方千米的面积和13亿人口，由56个民族组成。

2. As a country with an ancient civilization， China has a brilliant history of 5000 years and rich culture. 作为一个文明古国，中国有着五千年的灿烂历史和丰富的文化。

3. There are many historical sites and cultural relics in China， which are well protected by Chinese people who are hard-working and brave. 在中国，有着许多历史遗迹和文化遗产，这些一直都被勤劳勇敢的中国人民好好保护着。

4. As is known to all， Dan Xia Mountain is not only famous for its Dan Xia landform， but also rich in biological resources. 众所周知，丹霞山不仅以其丹霞地貌闻名，还蕴含丰富的生物资源。

5. Both the traffic and accommodation here are very convenient and every year hundreds of tourists from home and abroad come here for a visit. 这里的交通和住宿都很方便，每年成百上千的来自国内外的游客都来这里旅游。

6. Sydney， the largest city in Australia， has many places of interest， among which the Opera House is well-known all over the world. 悉尼是澳大利亚最大城市。有许多名胜古迹，其中悉尼歌剧院闻名于世。

四、习作修改（做短文改错，背经典范文）

Ladies and Gentlemen，

Welcome to Guangdong Province. Im Wang Hong， your guide. Guangdong Province， also called Yue for short， with a long history and is known for the saying，“Dont hesitate to have meals here.”Locating by the South Sea in the southeast part of mainland China， it has quite a few island off its coastline which has the total length of 3，368 kilometres. Known for a fruit king， Guangdong is famous for bananas， sugar cane， lychees or pineapples.

It is also one of most developed industrial provinces in South China， with conveniently transportation both on land and water. They has several special economic zones and such as Shenzhen and Zhuhai.

Finally， I sincerely hope you will enjoy yourselves here.

五、课堂练习

假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Chris对中国的地理和历史非常感兴趣，特来信请你为他作介绍。现请你给他写封回信，介绍中国的概况。内容包括：

1. 中国的地理及概况。

2. 中国的历史及其历史遗迹。

3. 邀请他来中国游玩或学习。

注意：1. 词数100左右。

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

3. 开头与结语已为你写好。

Dear Chris，

I am glad that you are very interested in Chinese history and geography. Let me introduce China to you now.

...

Looking forward to your coming.

Yours，

Li Hua

[写作指导]

第一步，认真审题，明确要求。

体裁：回信。

人称：第一、三人称。

时态：一般现在时。

要点：先谈谈中国的地理及概况；再谈中国的历史及其历史遗迹；最后邀请他来中国游玩或学习。

第二步，列出要点，拓展思路。

1. 简介中国地理及其概况：地理位置、面积（世界上面积第三大国）、首都、人口、民族、地理特色等。（key words： capital，be located in， cover an area of... square kilometers， has a population of...， consisting of ...nationalities）

2. 简介中国历史及其遗迹：文明古国、五千年历史、历史遗址、文化遗产等。（key words： a country with an ancient civilization， has a history of...， historical sites and cultural relics， the Great Wall）

3. 邀请朋友来中国游玩或学习：学习中国历史、了解中国文化、了解民族精神等。（key words： study Chinese history， learn about our national culture）

第三步，增加细节，变点成句。

要点1. 我的祖国，中国（首都北京），坐落于亚洲东部。中国有着960万平方千米的面积和13亿人口，由56个民族组成。

要点2. 作为一个文明古国，中国有着五千年的灿烂历史和丰富的文化。在中国，有着许多历史遗迹和文化遗产，这些一直都被勤劳勇敢的中国人民好好保护着。就像长城，就是世界上七大奇迹之一。

要点3. 如果你（指朋友）来到中国，你可以学习中国的历史，了解我们的民族文化。相信你一定会爱上中国的。

第四步，连句成篇，工整誊写。

六、课外作业

假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Chris将于下个月到你的家乡游玩，请用英文给他写封邮件，介绍你家乡的一个旅游景点，内容包括：

1. 该景点的地理及概况。

2. 该景点的历史与特色。

3. 该景点的气候与交通。

注意：1. 词数100左右。

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

3. 开头与结语已为你写好。

Dear Chris，

I am glad that you will come to China to visit my hometown next month. You have made a wise choice. Let me introduce one of the famous tourist sites to you.

I am sure you will enjoy yourself here and look forward to seeing you very soon.

Yours，

Li Hua

参考答案与范文

四、习作修改

本文是一份导游发言稿，为游客介绍了广东省的地理与历史、特色与现状。

1. with→has 因此处需有动词与后面的is known for作并列谓语，故用has a long history。

2. Locating→Located 这里是located by ...作状语，故改成located。

3. island→islands 此处island前有a few 修饰，故用复数islands。

4. the→ a 这里是指总体长度，故用a total length of...， 无需特指，故改成a。

5. for→as 这里指广东作为水果王国闻名，故用 known as作状语，故改成as。

6. or→and 此处是四种水果的并列举例，故用and。

7. 在most developed前加上the 构成最高级。

8. conveniently→convenient 修饰名词transportation用形容词。

9. They→It 指代Guangdong Province，故改成it。

10. 去掉and 因such as...是举例，并非与前面并列，所以去掉and。

五、课堂练习

Dear Chris，

I am glad that you are very interested in Chinese history and geography. Let me introduce China to you now.

My motherland， China， whose capital is Beijing， is located in the east of Asia. It covers an area of 9， 600，000 square kilometers and has a population of 1.3 billion， consisting of 56 nationalities.

As a country with an ancient civilization， China has a brilliant history of 5000 years and rich culture. There are many historical sites and cultural relics in China， which are well protected by Chinese people who are hard-working and brave. For example， the Great Wall is one of the seven wonders in the world.

If you come to China， you may study Chinese history and learn about our national culture. I am sure you will love China.

Looking forward to your coming.

Yours，

Li Hua

六、课外作业

Dear Chris，

I am glad that you will come to China to visit my hometown next month. You have made a wise choice. Let me introduce one of the famous tourist sites to you.

Dan Xia Mountain， which is about 280 kilometers away from Guangzhou， is located in the north of my hometown， Shaoguan city. With an area of 215 square kilometers， Dan Xia Mountain is listed the top of all of the mountains in Guangdong. It has a history of over 1400 years， with a population of 170，000. As we all know， Dan Xia Mountain is not only famous for its Dan Xia landform， but also rich in biological resources.

Since its hot in summer and cold in winter on Dan Xia Mountain， youd better go there in autumn. Besides， both the traffic and accommodation there are very convenient. Every year hundreds of tourists from home and abroad come to Dan Xia Mountain for a visit.

I am sure you will enjoy yourself here and look forward to seeing you very soon.

Yours，

Li Hua

（作者单位：广东汕头金砂中学）

责任编辑 蒋小青