阅读理解

讲究阅读方法

英语阅读永远是英语学习中的重中之重，不论是初级英语还是高级英语，阅读理解在考试中都占有相当高的的分数比例，今天就和大家谈谈英语阅读中应讲究的阅读方法：

一、依据主题句定短文的中心

任意一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心展开并且由段落组成的；段落之间有着内在的紧密联系，而表达段落主题的句子叫主题句，通常置于段落的开头，有时在段落末尾和中间；其它的句子是用来说明和阐述主题句的；若把一个个主题句加以整理，你能悟出其中心思想，同时还可以回避、排除个别生词、难句（等困难信号）所带来的干扰，但也有一些文章的中心思想常贯穿在全文中，因而要综观全文，对全文有一个透彻的理解才行。如：

My friend Matt and I arrived at the Activity Centre on Friday evening. The accommodation wasnt wonderful， but we had everything we needed（beds， blankets， food ）， and we were pleased to be out of the city and in the fresh air.

On Saturday morning we met the other ten members of our group. Cameron had come along with two friends， Kevin and Simon， while sisters Carole and Lynn had come with Amanda. There were some other members I didnt know. We had come from different places and none of us knew the area.

We knew we were going to spend the weekend outdoors， but none of us was sure exactly how. Half of us spent the morning caving while the others went rock-climbing and then we changed at lunchtime. Matt and I went to the caves[岩洞] first. Climbing out was harder than going in， but after a good deal of pushing， we were out at last. Though we were covered with mud， we were pleased and excited by what wed done.

This passage mainly talks about ______________.

A. the writers friends at the Activity Center

B. the writers experience at the Activity Center

C. outdoor sports at the Activity Center

D. how to go rock-climbing and caving

[参考答案B] 上述这段短文的中心是说明“the writers experience at the Activity Center.”。作者以及作者的朋友，还有组上的其他一些成员一起在活动中心度周末的一些活动以及感受。

二、掌握具体事实和重要细节

阅读文章时，要求学生养成辨认和记忆具体事实、重要细节的习惯。因为具体事实、重要细节是主题句的扩展、补充、说明或例证，是用来支持和说明中心思想的，而且是阅读理解测试的重要组成部分。

如：If someone asks me： “Do you like music？” Im sure I will answer him or her： “Of course， I do.” because I think music is an important part of our lives.

Different people have different ideas about music. For me， I like rock music because its so exciting. And my favorite rock band， the “Foxy Ladies” [酷妹] is one of the most famous rock bands in the world. I also like pop music. My classmate LiLan loves dance music， because she enjoys dancing. My best friend， Jane， likes jazz music [爵士乐]。 She thinks jazz is really cool.

“I like dance music and rock very much.” says my brother， “because they are amazing.”

But my mother thinks rock is boring. “I like some relaxing [轻松的] music，” she says. Thats why she likes country music， I think.

①The writer likes music because he thinks ____________.

A. its an exciting part of our lives

B. its an amazing part of our lives

C. its an important part of our lives

②What kind of music does the writer like？

A. Rock and pop music.

B. Rock and dance music.

C. Jazz and country music.

③Who likes dancing？

A. The writer.

B. Li Lan.

C. Jane.

④The writers mother thinks that country music is __________.

A. amazing

B. boring

C. relaxing

⑤ How many peoples ideas about music are talked about in this passage [短文]？

A. 4.

B. 5.

C. 6.

这是几道重要事实和细节的辨认题，全是围绕短文的主题句“Different people have different ideas about music”来展开说明的，起补充举例作用。

答案分别为 ① C ② A ③ B ④ C ⑤ B。

三、运用构词法、语境线索等帮助来推测关键词义

在阅读文章的过程中，常常会遇到一些生词，如果不懂得这些词义就会妨碍理解，但大部分生词的词义是可以根据上下文，结合构词法、借助文章中的语境线索帮助在理解基础上猜测其词义，这有助于加快阅读速度，提高阅读理解能力。如：

Water is all around us. Water is in the ocean. Water is in the lakes and rivers. Water is in the air. There is more water than land on the earth. All living things must have it. We must have it， too. We cannot live without drinking water. Sometimes， we do not have all the water that we need. The land will dry up without water. Sometimes， there can be too much water in the land. If it rains very， very hard， the rain water will run down the hill. It takes some of the land with it when it runs down the hills. It is called erosion when the water takes the land away.

“Erosion” in the passage means ____________.

A. 地震

B. 雪崩

C. 侵蚀

D. 霜冻

根据前面的语句If it rains very， very hard， the rain water will run down the hills. It takes some of the land with it when it runs down the hills.解释可以推知erosion是一种自然地理现象，即“侵蚀”，答案为C。

Mr King works in a shop and drives a car for the manager. He drives carefully and can keep calm in time of danger. And he escaped from several accidents. The manager pays him more and the traffic policemen often speak highly of him.

Mr Baker， one of his friends， works in a factory outside the city. Its far from his house and he has to go to work by bus. As the traffic is crowded in the morning， sometimes hes late for the work. His manager warns the young man that he will be sent away unless he gets to his office on time. He hopes to buy a car， but he hasnt enough money. He decides to buy an old one. He went to the flea [跳蚤] market and at last he chose a beautiful but cheap car. He said he wanted to have a trial [试验] drive， the seller agreed. He called Mr King and asked him to help him.

Mr King examined the car at first and then drove it away. It was five in the morning and there were few cars in the street. At first he drove slowly and it worked well. Then he drove fast. And when he reached a crossing， the lights turned red. He tried to stop it， but he failed and nearly hit an old woman who was crossing the street. A policeman told him to stop， but the car went on until it hit a big tree by the road.

“Didnt you hear me？” the policeman asked angrily.

“Yes， I did， sir，” said Mr King， “Since it doesnt listen to me，can it obey you？”

根据以上短文内容，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。

1. Mr King is paid more because he _______.

A. always drives very slowly

B. is not afraid of danger

C. had driven for years

D. drives very well

2. Mr Baker went to the flea market to _______.

A. buy a second-hand car

B. have a trial drive

C. choose a new car

D. sell his old car

3. Mr King tried to stop the car when _______.

A. he saw an old woman crossing the street

B. he saw a big tree

C. the traffic lights turned red

D. the policeman shouted angrily at him

4. Which of the following is true？

A. Mr King will be sent away if he keeps being late

B. Mr Baker cant afford to buy an old car

C. Mr King didnt hear the policeman

D. Something was wrong with the car

「答案与解析」

1. 选D.由句子He drives carefully and can keep calm in time of danger. And he escaped from several accidents.可知，Mr King drives very well，因此老板付给了他更多的薪水。答案选D.

2. 选A.Mr Baker因为交通拥挤而经常迟到，受到老板的责骂，所以He hopes to buy a car. 但是他没有足够的钱，所以He decided to buy an old one，可见他去跳蚤市场是buy a second-hand car（想买一辆二手车），因此答案选A.

3. 选C.Mr King试车到了一个十字路口时，The light turned red，所以He tried to stop it，因此答案选C.

4. 选D.Mr King在交警的警告下也没有停住车，最后撞到了树上，他的解释是：It doesnt listen to me（车不听我的话），可见车有问题，所以答案选D.

I will always remember my mothers last few days in this world.

On February 14th， 2000， my class went on a field trip to the beach. I had so much fun. When we returned to school， my teacher told me to go to the headmasters office. When I got into the office， I saw a police officer. Suddenly I realized something was wrong. The police officer told me what had happened and we went to pick my sister up. After that， we went to the hospital and waited. Time went slowly. Finally， we got to see our mother. It was terrible.

On the next day， the headmaster came and told my two teachers what had happened. I was taking a rest that day. I knew it had something to do with my mother. I kept thinking that she either died or had gotten better. How I wished that she had gotten better. When my teacher took me outside， my sister ran up to me. She started crying， “Shes gone. Teresa， mommys gone. Shes dead.” I couldnt believe it. We jumped into the car and drove straight to the hospital. Most of my family were there. The silence was terrible. I knew I had to say goodbye.

Today when I look back， I still miss my mother very much， but I know that I will live. My mother was a strong mother， who had the biggest heart. My mother was an angel walking on the earth. I will always remember her as living. When someone is asked who their hero [英雄] is，they usually say someone famous， like Michael Jordan or Britney Spears. When someone asks me who my hero is， I tell them， my mother. My mother lives every day. That is what makes her a true hero.

根据以上短文内容，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。

1. Where was the writer when she learned her mother was very ill？

A. On the beach.

B. At the hospital.

C. At school.

D. At home.

2. Who brought the writer the bad news that her mother was ill？

A. Her sister.

B. The headmaster.

C. Her teacher.

D. The police officer.

3. What did the headmaster tell the two teachers on the next day？

A. Her mother had been very ill.

B. Her mother had been dead.

C. Her mother had gotten better.

D. Her sister came to see her.

4. From the last paragraph of the passage we know that _______.

A. the writer is afraid of her mother

B. the writer is proud of her mother

C. the writer feels sad about her mother

D. the writer feels sorry for her mother

5. The writer must think her mother is a _______ woman.

A. famous B. free C. rich D. great

「答案与解析」

1. 选C.根据短文的第2段句子When we returned to school，my teacher told me to…可知，当我回到学校以后，才得知母亲生病的消息，即当作者得知母亲病重时，当时她is at school（在学校）。

2. 选D.根据第2段的句子The police officer told me what had happened and…可知，老师叫我去校长办公室，但真正告诉我发生了什么事的是the police officer.故答案选D。

3. 选B.在短文的第3段开头讲到了第二天发生的事。校长告诉我的两个老师发生了什么事，然后紧接着借妹妹之口：Shes gone. Teresa， mommys gone. Shes dead.使读者知道，校长告诉老师的事是My mother had been dead（我的母亲死了）。

4. 选B.在短文的最后一段，作者反复提到这样的字眼：a strong mother， had the biggest heart， an angel，字里行间都充满着自豪之情。故答案选B。

5. 选D.最后一段说母亲有世界上最宽容的心，她是一位 strong母亲，她是一位真正的英雄，这些都说明了在作者心中母亲很great（伟大）。