蒋慧 宋彬 冯真 邓静静 徐晶晶 郑建明
·论著·
胰腺腺泡细胞癌八例临床病理及免疫组化分析
蒋慧 宋彬 冯真 邓静静 徐晶晶 郑建明
目的分析胰腺腺泡细胞癌的临床病理特征及蛋白表型。方法收集2001年1月至2011年1月收治的8例胰腺腺泡细胞癌病例,分析其临床病理特征,采用免疫组化法检测肿瘤的蛋白表型,并进行随访。结果8例胰腺腺泡细胞癌病例均为男性,中位年龄47岁。肿瘤位于胰头部和胰体尾部各4例,大小平均为4.5 cm×4.0 cm×3.2 cm,切面灰黄、灰红色,呈实性或囊实性,体积较大者常伴有出血、坏死。镜下见肿瘤细胞排列呈腺泡状、梁索状或实性片巢状,胞质丰富、嗜酸性,核圆形、卵圆形,轻度异型。免疫组化显示癌细胞低分子量细胞角蛋白(CAM5.2)、α1-抗胰蛋白酶(α1-AT)、抗胰糜蛋白酶(α1-ACT)蛋白表达呈弥漫阳性,CA19-9、CEA,上皮型钙粘蛋白(E-cad)、β-连环素(β-cat)和粘蛋白-1(MUC-1)呈灶性阳性,AFP、神经特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、突触素(Syn)和铬粒素A(CgA)仅少数瘤细胞呈阳性表达。7例获得随访,1例因术后胰漏伴腹腔感染病死,发生肝转移4例,其中2例病死。结论胰腺腺泡细胞癌是一种少见的胰腺上皮源性恶性肿瘤,有其特征性的蛋白表型。
胰腺肿瘤; 腺泡细胞癌; 免疫组织化学; 鉴别诊断
胰腺腺泡细胞癌是胰腺的一种少见的上皮源性恶性肿瘤,仅占胰腺癌的1%~2%,常发生于老年男性,预后较差。其临床病理学特征变化较大,有时诊断较为困难,需要与胰腺内分泌肿瘤、实性假乳头状瘤和胰母细胞瘤等相鉴别[1]。本研究对我院10年来收治的8例胰腺腺泡细胞癌的临床病理形态学特征和免疫组化表型进行分析,并结合文献复习,探讨胰腺腺泡细胞癌的临床病理特征、诊断和鉴别诊断要点及治疗和预后。
一、临床资料
8例胰腺腺泡细胞癌为上海第二军医大学附属长海医院普外科2001年1月至2011年1月间手术切除病例,均为男性,年龄17~61岁,中位年龄47岁。肿瘤位于胰头部和胰体尾部各4例。临床症状包括上腹部隐痛(2例)、胀痛(2例)、阻塞性黄疸(3例)、腹部肿块(1例)。其中1例腹部胀痛患者伴血清淀粉酶升高(345 U/L),拟诊急性胰腺炎伴假性囊肿形成。CT检查示囊实性肿块3例,实性肿块5例;血清CA19-9显著升高1例(1000 U/L)。所有病例未发现有血清脂酶升高致皮下脂肪坏死、多动脉炎、关节病和血嗜酸细胞增多等表现。
二、病理检查
观察肿瘤大体、组织形态学变化。免疫组化法检测低分子量细胞角蛋白(CAM5.2)、α1-抗胰蛋白酶(α1-AT)、α1-抗胰糜蛋白酶(α1-ACT)、癌抗原19-9(CA19-9)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、上皮型钙粘蛋白(E-cad)、β-连环素(β-cat)、 粘蛋白-1(MUC-1)、波形蛋白(VI)、上皮膜抗原(EMA)、p53、增殖细胞核抗原(Ki-67)、小肠活性多肽(VIP)、胰高血糖素(GCG)、胃泌素(GAS)、角蛋白19(CK19)、生长抑素(Som)、胰多肽(Pp)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)、神经特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、突触素(Syn)和铬粒素A(CgA)等的表达。所有抗体均购自Dako公司,按试剂说明书操作。
一、影像和病理特征
腺泡细胞癌的影像学表现为结节状肿块,边界清楚,密度与周围胰腺组织相似或减低(图1a)。大体上肿瘤多呈结节状,也可分叶状,2.0 cm×1.2 cm×1.2cm ~10.0 cm×8.0 cm×8.0 cm,平均4.5 cm×4.0 cm×3.2 cm,界清,切面为实性或囊实性,灰红至灰黄色,质地较软,可见出血及坏死灶(图1b)。镜下见肿瘤细胞排列呈腺泡状、实性、梁索状(图1c),细胞呈多角形、圆形或矮柱状,胞质相对丰富,呈强嗜酸性细颗粒状,核圆形,常位于基底部,核仁明显,核分裂像常见。间质血窦丰富,可见出血、坏死。
二、免疫组化表型
癌细胞CAM5.2、α1-AT、α1-ACT呈弥漫阳性(图1d),CA19-9、CEA、E-cad、β-cat(图1e)和MUC-1呈灶性阳性,AFP、NSE、Syn和CgA为个别癌细胞表达,VI、EMA、p53、Ki-67、VIP、GCG、GAS、CK19、Som、Pp均为阴性。另外,PAS染色显示癌细胞胞质内酶原颗粒呈阳性(图1f)。
图1胰腺腺泡细胞癌的CT征象(a)、大体表现(b)、病理改变及α1-ACT、β-cat表达(c、d、e ×100)和PAS染色(f ×200)。
三、随访结果
7例胰腺腺泡细胞癌获得随访,其中病死3例。1例因术后胰漏伴腹腔感染病死,2例因术后7、8个月发生肝转移而于术后15、42个月病死。4例存活,目前最长生存已达40个月。
胰腺腺泡细胞癌好发于中老年人,属于高度恶性肿瘤,男性多于女性。临床表现为腹痛、腹胀、阻塞性黄疸、体重减轻及腹部包块。约15%的患者可出现多发的皮下脂肪坏死、多动脉炎以及血嗜酸细胞增多[2],但本组未见上述表现。
胰腺腺泡细胞癌可发生于胰腺任何部位,以胰头部多见,但也有以胰体尾部为多见的报道。大体上,肿瘤多呈结节状,分叶状,边界清楚,可有不完整的纤维包膜,结节质地软,呈黄色或棕色,可见坏死或囊性变,偶尔肿瘤附于胰腺表面,肿瘤可侵犯邻近组织。镜下肿瘤细胞排列成实性、梁索状、筛状。胞质内有嗜酸性细颗粒;核常位于基底部,核仁明显,高倍镜下核分裂数从0至>50个不等;间质血窦丰富,可有出血、坏死[3]。免疫组化显示,α-AT、α-ACT、CA19-9、CEA呈阳性,NSE、Syn和CgA呈灶性或散在阳性表达[4]。PAS染色显示胞质中含酶原颗粒[5]。
胰腺腺泡细胞癌诊断主要依据形态学和免疫组化检测结果,常需要与胰腺导管腺癌、胰腺内分泌肿瘤、实性假乳头状瘤(SPT)、腺泡-内分泌混合型肿瘤以及胰母细胞瘤(PBL)等鉴别。一般来说,胰腺腺泡细胞癌较大,>10 cm者并不少见。而胰腺导管腺癌一般长径约3 cm,功能性胰腺内分泌肿瘤一般<2 cm。从组织形态学分析,胰腺腺泡细胞癌细胞核缺乏胰腺内分泌肿瘤的“胡椒盐”样改变,而且核仁比较明显。胰腺导管腺癌表达CK、EMA、CEA和CA19-9,不表达α-AT、α-ACT及内分泌抗体;胰腺内分泌肿瘤Syn、NSE和CgA弥漫阳性。SPT好发于年轻女性,细胞排列成假乳头状、实性、梁索状或囊性,瘤细胞核仁不明显,胞质嗜酸或透明;瘤细胞表达CD10、Vimentin、α1-AT、α1-ACT 和NSE,而CK20、CgA、S-100、PR、Syn、CD56、Nestin仅局灶阳性或弱阳性,不表达或微量表达EMA、AEI/AE3、CK19,并在胞质和胞核内出现β-cat聚集,E-cad局限于细胞核中[6]。腺泡-内分泌混合型肿瘤则有腺泡细胞癌和内分泌肿瘤两种成分,分别表达胰腺腺泡细胞和内分泌标记物。胰母细胞瘤(PBL)主要由上皮成分和间叶成分构成,上皮细胞排列成腺泡状结构或呈巢状,散在分布梭形细胞巢构成的漩涡状鳞状小体,此为PBL的特异性病理组织特征[7]。上皮膜抗原、角蛋白可阳性,如有内分泌分化则NSE阳性,有导管分化则CEA阳性,部分肿瘤还可分泌AFP。
胰腺腺泡细胞癌的治疗多以手术治疗为首选。手术不能切除者可采用化疗。目前提倡综合治疗,可显著改善患者的预后[8]。
胰腺腺泡细胞癌的预后要比胰腺导管腺癌好,Wisnoski等[9]报道,胰腺腺泡细胞癌5年总生存率为42.8%,根除治疗后的5年生存率达92%。Kitagami等[10]报道日本115例胰腺腺泡细胞癌患者,手术切除率为76.5%,5年生存率为43.9%。Holen等[11]报道,手术治疗患者实际存活期平均达36个月。年龄偏大(>60岁)、血脂酶升高和肿瘤较大(直径>10 cm)是影响胰腺腺泡细胞患者预后的因素[12]。
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Pancreaticacinarcellcarcinoma:aclinicopathologicalandimmunohistochemicalanalysisof8cases
JIANGHui,SONGBin,FENGZhen,DENGJing-jing,XUJing-jing,ZHENGJian-ming.
DepartmentofPathology,ChanghaiHospital,SecondMilitaryMedicalUniversity,Shanghai200433,China
ZHENGJian-ming,Email:jmzheng1962@163.com
ObjectiveTo investigate the clinicopathological features, immunohistochemical phenotype of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma.MethodsEight cases of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma admitted to our hospital from January 2001 to January 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinicopathological characteristics, and immunohistochemical staining for phenotype were analyzed, then the follow-up data were summarized.ResultsAll 8 patients with pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma was male, with a median age of 47 years old. Tumors were located in the pancreatic head in 4 patients, pancreatic body and tail in 4 patients. The average tumor size was 4.5 cm ×4.0 cm×3.2 cm, the section appeared as gray or gray-red and presented as solid or cystic lesions. Larger tumors were often accompanied by hemorrhage and necrosis. Microscopically, the tumor cells arranged in acinic, cord, trabecular or solid nests. The cytoplasm was abundant and eosinophilic. The nuclear was round, oval, slightly atypia. Immunohistochemical staining showed diffusely positive for CAM5.2, α-AT, α-ACT and focally positive for CA19-9, CEA, E-cad, β-cat and MUC-1 and only occasionally positive for AFP, NSE, Syn and CgA. Follow-up data showed there was one case of postoperative death due to postoperative pancreatic leakage with abdominal infection. Liver metastasis occurred in 4 cases, among whom, 2 cases died.ConclusionsPancreatic acinar cell carcinoma is a rare epithelial malignant tumor of pancreas, with distinct phenotype characteristics.
Pancreatic neoplasms; Acinar cell carcinoma; Immunohistochemistry; Differential diagnosis
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2012.02.004
200433 上海,第二军医大学长海医院病理科(蒋慧、冯真、邓静静、徐晶晶、郑建明),普外科(宋彬)
郑建明,Email:jmzheng1962@163.com
2011-06-07)
(本文编辑:屠振兴)