张巧兰
在日常教学中,笔者发现,经常遇见“Can't you see?”“Haven't you readit?”之类的句子,而学生们总是不理解此类句子的意思,更别说如何应对了,为了帮助学生们更好的理解此类句子,现就其定义、形式及应用中应注意的问题,作一总结,以飨读者。
一、定义及形式
否定疑问句(Negative Questions)是一般疑问句的否定结构,它有两形式,副词n0放在主语之后,或not的简略式-n't与助动词一起放在主语之前。(-n't要与句首的be,have助动词或情态动词连写在一起)。例如:
Do you not like it?
Don't you like it?
Can you not answer this question?
Can't you answer this question?
Have you not any sisters?
Haven't you any sisters?
前一种形式多用于书面语,后一种形式多用于口语,实际运用也较多。
二、否定疑问句主要用法:
1.表示惊异、不相信或提出反问(常可译为“难道”)。例如:
1)Can't he come tonight?他难道今天晚上不来吗?
2)Haven't you gniven up smoking yet?你(难道)还没有戒烟?
3)Don't you think so?你难道不这样想?
2.提出婉转有礼的请求、建议、邀约等(相当于一个祈使句)。例如:
1)Won't you sjt down?(=Please sit down.)请坐呀!
2)Can't you walk a little faster?(=Please walk a little faster.)请稍微走快一点儿。
3)Won't you come out for a walk?(=Please come out for a walk.)出来散散步好吗?
3.表示自己的看法或征询意见,预期得到肯定的回答。例如:
1)Lucy i8 a nice girl,don't you agree?露茜是个好女孩,你说是吗?
2)Don't you think we should go at once?是不是我们马上就走?
3)Shant I accept his invitation?我不该接受他的邀请吗?
4.表示赞赏、厌烦、鄙夷感情(相当于一个感叹句)。例如:
1)Isn't she clever?(=How clever she is!)她真聪明!
2)Wasn't it a marvellous concert?(=What a marvellous concert it Was!)
3)Isn'tit a hotday?(=What ahot day it is!)多热的天气啊!