18份胡柚种质果实品质分析与综合评价

2024-06-30 02:07张慧艺汪丽霞吴伊静毕旭灿王刚赵四清徐昌杰陈昆松
果树学报 2024年6期
关键词:胡柚果实品质综合评价

张慧艺 汪丽霞 吴伊静 毕旭灿 王刚 赵四清 徐昌杰 陈昆松

摘    要:【目的】分析不同胡柚种质间的果实品质差异,建立并应用果实品质评价体系,筛选优良胡柚种质。【方法】以18份胡柚种质为试验材料,对单果质量、可食率、种子数量、果形指数等果实外在品质指标以及可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量等内在品质指标进行测定,应用感官评定对果实皮色、肉质、剥皮难易等感官指标进行分析,并利用层次分析法对胡柚果实品质进行综合评价。【结果】不同胡柚种质间果实品质性状存在差异,变异系数为3.07%~143.57%,分别以果形指数和种子数为最小和最大。单果质量为184.32~423.20 g;果实为圆形,果形指数平均为0.89;果皮厚度和可食率分别为2.15~9.68 mm和50.33%~83.67%;可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量(w,后同)分别为9.83%~15.40%和0.90%~1.57%;总酚含量为13.83~20.07 mg·g-1,类胡萝卜素总量为2.29~8.66 μg·g-1;果实剥皮难易程度也存在较大差别。采用层次分析法构建了胡柚果实品质综合评价模型,通过1~9标度法计算得到各品质指标权重,其中甜酸风味权重最高,为17.65%;果形指数最低,为2.29%。根据果实理化分析和感官评定指标的计分规则计算出18份胡柚种质的各指标得分,并结合权重计算总得分,发现01-7b、01-7a、胡柚优株b、胡柚优株a和果5的总得分高,综合品质优异,可作为胡柚新品种利用或作为进一步选育的基础。【结论】不同胡柚种质间果实品质差异较大;建立了胡柚果实品质综合评价体系,具有指标全覆盖和权重赋分合理等优点;对18份胡柚种质进行了品质评价,筛选出5份综合品质优异的种质。

关键词:胡柚;果实品质;层次分析法;综合评价

中图分类号:S666.3 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1009-9980(2024)06-1033-11

Fruit quality analysis and comprehensive evaluation of 18 Huyou (Citrus changshanensis) accessions

ZHANG Huiyi1, WANG Lixia2#, WU Yijing3, BI Xucan2, WANG Gang2, ZHAO Siqing2, XU Changjie1, 3*, CHEN Kunsong1, 3

(1Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310058, Hangzhou, China; 2Changshan Agricultural Characteristic Industry Development Center, Changshan 324000, Zhejiang, China; 3Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Improvement, Zhejiang 310058, Hangzhou, China)

Abstract: 【Objective】 Huyou (Citrus changshanensis K. S. Chen et C. X. Fu) is a local characteristic citrus resource in China. The main production area is in Changshan county, Quzhou City, Zhejiang province. Huyou has a history of commercial cultivation for over a hundred years, and now huyou has become a key industry of characteristic agriculture in Changshan county and an important source of income for local fruit growers. The evaluation of fruit quality is an important part of phenotypic characterization of huyou accessions, and also an important basis for screening excellent germplasm accessions. Currently in huyou, no systematic analysis and evaluation of fruit quality differences among different accessions have been carried out, and meanwhile, a comprehensive fruit quality evaluation system has not been developed, which impair the selection and industrial application of excellent accessions. The aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the fruit quality of huyou, to establish a fruit quality evaluation system, and to provide a basis for the selection of high quality accessions. 【Methods】 Eighteen huyou accessions, with one typical tree for each accession, were involved in this study. For each tree, fifteen fruit evenly distributed in the crown were harvested when fruit were at commercial harvest maturity. A number of quality indicators, including the average fruit weight (AFW), fruit shape index (FSI), edible rate (ER), pericarp thickness, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acid content (TAC), SSC/TAC ratio, vitamin C (Vc) content, flavanone neohesperidosides (FNs) content, flavanone rutinosides (FRs) content, and the contents of total phenolics, etc., were measured. SPSS and Excel were used for data analysis. Systematic description and sensory evaluation were used to analyze the fruit quality indicators such as peel appearance, flesh texture and peeling ability. The weights of quality indicators were determined by analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the overall fruit quality of different accessions were evaluated and ranked by comprehensive score. 【Results】 The fruit quality of the 18 Huyou accessions varied in different degree, with coefficients of variation ranging from 3.07% to 143.57% for the different quality indicators analysed. Among all indicators, the number of seeds per fruit had the largest variation and the FSI had the smallest. The AFW ranged from 184.32 to 423.20 g, with Hongrou Huyou having the largest AFW and Guo 4 having the smallest. The longitudinal fruit diameter of all accessions was smaller than the transverse fruit diameter, and thus the FSI was less than 1, with an average of 0.89. Pericarp thickness and ER ranged from 2.15 to 9.68 mm and from 50.33% to 83.67%, respectively. The number of seeds per fruit varied greatly among the different accessions, with Cuihong having the lowest number, 0.22, while Guo 16 had the highest number, 22.67. SSC ranged from 9.83% to 15.40%, with Guo 4 being highest. TAC ranged from 0.90% to 1.57%, with Guo 8 having the highest TAC and Hongrou Huyou having the lowest. The SSC/TAC ratio varied widely among accessions, with the highest value of 12.73 for Guo 18 and the lowest value of 7.91 for Guo 7. The Vc content ranged from 35.88 to 72.95 mg·100 g-1. Guo 10 had the highest content of FNs, a class of bitter flavonoids, while Cuihong had the highest content of FRs, a class of non-bitter flavonoids, but non-detectable FNs, in consistency with the bitter flavor feeling of different accessions. The total carotenoids varied greatly among different accessions with contents ranging from 2.29 to 8.66 μg·g-1, and for the total phenolics, from 13.83 to 20.07 mg·g-1. The peeling ability of the fruit varied widely with Huyou elite plant a, with Hongrou Huyou, Guo 2 and Guo 11 being the easiest. A comprehensive evaluation model of fruit quality was constructed by AHP analysis and the weights of each quality indicator were calculated by 1 to 9 scale method. In this evaluation model, sweetness and sourness were given the highest weight, 17.65%, and fruit shape index was given the lowest, 2.29%. Based on the average value, maximum value and minimum value of each indicator, the variation of each measured indicator was determined, and meanwhile, fruit quality indicators such as peel appearance, flesh texture and peeling ability were scored via systematic description and sensory evaluation. Finally, based on the score and the weight of each indicator, the accessions were evaluated for overall fruit quality. The results showed that 01-7b, 01-7a, Huyou elite plant b, Huyou elite plant a and Guo 5 were the top five accessions with excellent overall fruit quality. Moreover, Cuihong is an ideal resource for breeding low bitter Huyou while Guo 10 is probably favorable to be used as a raw resource for production of traditional Chinese medicine Quzhou Aurantii Fructus (Qu Zhi Qiao). These can satisfy the demand for diversity in consumption. 【Conclusion】 The fruit quality of the analyzed 18 different accessions varied greatly. On the basis of the external and internal qualities, an AHP method was used to comprehensively evaluate the fruit quality, and as a result, five accessions with excellent overall quality were selected. The method established in this study improves the accuracy and effectiveness for the comprehensive evaluation of the fruit quality of Huyou, and provides a reference for further selection and breeding of elite Huyou accessions.

Key words: Huyou (Citrus changshanensis); Fruit quality; Analytic hierarchy process (AHP); Comprehensive evaluation

胡柚(Citrus changshanensis K. S. Chen et C. X. Fu)起源于浙江省常山县,为柑橘属的一个新种,系自然杂交而成,至今已有一百余年的栽培历史,因其具有耐瘠、耐寒、耐贮等优良性状,被誉为“中华第一杂柑”[1-3]。胡柚果色金黄,口感酸甜清爽,风味独特,富含类黄酮等活性物质,因而深受广大消费者青睐,成为浙江省重点开发的名特优农产品。由于胡柚源于天然杂交种的实生后代群体,且在产业发展早期主要采用实生繁殖,胡柚个体间差异较大[4],品质参差不齐。因此优质成为胡柚新品种选育的重要目标之一。

胡柚果实品质指标包括果实剥皮难易程度、单果质量、果皮厚度、果形指数、种子数量、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量等。其中苦味作为重要品质性状备受关注。目前已知柑橘苦味物质分为两大类,一类是柠檬苦素类似物,另一类是黄烷酮化合物[5]。黄烷酮是柑橘中含量最丰富的类黄酮,通常以糖苷形式存在,可分为黄烷酮新橘皮糖苷(FNs)和黄烷酮芸香糖苷(FRs)。FNs具有苦味,主要包括柚皮苷、新橙皮苷、新圣草次苷等,而FRs则不具有苦味,主要包括芸香柚皮苷、橙皮苷、圣草次苷等[6-9]。不同柑橘种质中苦味物质的成分和含量具有特异性[7-8]。胡柚果肉中柠檬苦素类物质含量低,其苦味主要来源于FNs[10-11]。

由于品质涉及多项指标,如何客观、准确、科学地评价胡柚果实品质是急需解决的问题。果实品质评价常用方法有方差分析[12-13]、感官评价[14-15]等,但这些方法较为简单粗略,存在受主观因素影响较大或评价的品质指标众多致使主次难分等问题,从而使评价结果不稳定,不同批次间的评价结果可比性差。层次分析法(AHP)是一种多准则决策方法,在医学[16]、农业[17]和环境[18]等多个学科领域均有广泛应用。果实品质评价中涉及多项指标,应用AHP能够解决主次难分的问题,提高评价结果的客观性和稳定性。其主要思路是将所需解决的问题分解成一个层次结构,最上层为目标层(拟解决的问题),中间一层为准则层(解决该问题需要考虑的指标),最下一层为决策层(综合比较形成的结论),在准则层中,对所涉及的指标进行两两比较,建立判断矩阵并计算权重,从而实现多指标的客观比较和综合评价,有助于快速了解不同果树种质之间的果实品质差异,使评价结果具有可比性和可解释性[19]。运用这一方法,刘璇等[20]基于7个指标对20个苹果脆片进行品质综合排名,发现红玉苹果脆片品质最好;沈甜等[21]对10个无核鲜食葡萄的14个基本指标进行观察测定,通过层次分析法得到各品质指标权重并对10个无核鲜食葡萄的品质进行综合评价。黄正金等[22]对5个黑莓杂交品系及其杂交亲本品种的生物学性状和经济学性状进行统计和调查,采用层次分析法对黑莓杂交品系进行综合评价和等级排名。

目前,尚未有对不同胡柚种质间的果实品质差异开展系统分析和评价的报道,不利于优良品种(品系)在生产上的应用。笔者在本研究中以生产上具有代表性的18份胡柚为试验材料,对单果质量、果皮厚度、果形指数、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、固酸比和维生素C含量等指标进行分析,对果实皮色、肉质和剥皮难易等指标进行感官评价,比较不同胡柚种质的果实品质差异。同时,利用层次分析法建立各指标权重。根据各指标得分和权重,对胡柚果实品质进行综合评价,旨在明晰胡柚种质间品质差异情况,筛选出综合品质优良的种质,为品种选育提供参考依据。

1 材料和方法

1.1 供试材料

以浙西柑橘产区的18份胡柚种质为试材,采自浙江大学(常山)现代发展研究中心试验示范基地和骨干种植户果场(表1)。果实于商业成熟期采收,当日运至实验室,选择无机械损伤、无病虫害、成熟度一致的完好果实进行分析。每份种质选取典型单株,在树冠东南西北中五个方位均匀采集共15个果实,分为3个生物学重复,每个重复包含5个果实。先就果实外观等指标进行测定,然后将果肉用液氮冰冻后置于-40 ℃保存,用于后续果实品质相关物质的化学分析。

1.2 试验方法

1.2.1 单果质量、果皮厚度和种子数量测定 用电子天平称量胡柚果实质量,计算平均单果质量。采用数显游标卡尺测定果皮厚度(果实赤道部)。采用人工计数法统计种子数量。

1.2.2 果实纵横径、果形指数和可食率测定 用数显游标卡尺测定果实纵横径,计算果形指数;果形指数=果实纵径/果实横径。采用电子天平测定果皮和种子质量,计算可食率;可食率/%=(单果质量-果皮质量-种子质量)/单果质量。

1.2.3 可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量测定和固酸比计算 可溶性固形物含量(SSC)使用便携式手持糖度计PR-101α(ATAGO,日本)测定。可滴定酸含量(TAC)使用电位滴定仪(T890,Hanon,中国)用酸碱滴定法测定。固酸比=SSC/TAC。

1.2.4 维生素C含量测定 用2,6-二氯酚靛酚滴定法[23]测定果实鲜样维生素C含量。

1.2.5 类胡萝卜素总量测定 用分光光度法[24]测定果实鲜样类胡萝卜素总量。

1.2.6 总酚含量测定 用福林酚法[25]测定果实干样总酚含量,以没食子酸当量表示为mg·g-1。

1.2.7 黄烷酮组分及含量测定 黄烷酮提取和测定参考Liu等[26]的方法。称取0.1 g冻干样品粉末,用1 mL 80%乙醇超声辅助提取30 min,经12 000 r·min-1离心10 min后收集上清液,重复超声提取和离心步骤二次,合并上清液得到样品液。采用Agilent(安捷伦,美国)HPLC系统,以Waters ODS C18柱(SunFire 5 μm,4.6 mm×250.0 mm)为固定相;以色谱纯乙腈(溶液A)和含有0.1%甲酸的超纯水(溶液B)为流动相,线性梯度洗脱。检测波长:280 nm;柱温:25 ℃;进样量:10 μL;流速:1 mL·min-1。标准品圣草次苷、新圣草次苷、芸香柚皮苷、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷购于美国Sigma-Aldrich公司。

1.2.8 果实感官评价 由20位经培训的人员组成评价小组,对供试样品的肉质、果实皮色和剥皮难易程度进行打分评价,采用100分制。肉质评价:根据果肉细腻多汁和质地口感程度按六级赋分,级差20分;评价每个样品后,均以清水漱口后再进行下一个样品的评定。果实皮色评价:根据果实整齐度、皮色均匀度、果面光洁度以及斑点或缺陷情况按六级赋分,级差20分。剥皮难易程度:根据剥皮难易程度按六级(易、较易、中等、较难、难、极难)赋分,级差20分。

1.3 数据处理

1.3.1 数据记录和统计 利用Excel软件对数据进行记录和统计,利用SPSS 23统计软件对数据进行统计分析。

1.3.2 指标权重计算 由12位经培训的人员采用1~9比例标度法(即不同指标的重要程度用1~9之间的整数表示)就各品质指标给出重要度值,并计算平均值,基于该平均值使用层次分析法软件yaahp 10.3建立判断矩阵,通过一致性检验后得出胡柚果实品质指标权重。

1.3.3 理化分析指标得分计算 理化指标分析结果按表2所述方案计算得分,使数据均一化。根据理化指标类别(趋大指标、趋小指标和趋中指标)采用不同的计算公式。趋大指标是指数值越大越好的指标,包括可食率、可溶性固形物含量、固酸比、维生素C含量、类胡萝卜素总量、黄烷酮总量和总酚含量;趋小指标是指数值越小越好的指标,包括种子数量和可滴定酸含量;趋中指标是指适中数值(采取平均值作为适中值)为最佳的指标,包括果实质量、果形指数、黄烷酮新橘皮糖苷含量。

2 结果与分析

2.1 胡柚果实品质指标权重的计算

由12位人员对胡柚果实品质指标给出重要度值,然后计算重要度值的平均值,基于该重要度平均值构建判断矩阵O-C。判断矩阵中甜酸风味包括可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量和固酸比;苦味为黄烷酮新橘皮糖苷含量;营养包括类胡萝卜素总量、黄烷酮总量和总酚含量。矩阵中值为1时代表两品质指标同样重要,值大于1时表明表格中位于横列的品质指标比位于竖列的品质指标更重要,同理,值小于1则说明竖列品质指标更重要。对矩阵一致性进行检验,计算结果表明,判断矩阵一致性比率小于0.1,通过一致性检验(表3),说明所划分权重有效。由表3最后一行可知,胡柚果实各品质指标中,甜酸风味最为重要,权重值最高,达17.65%,果形指数最不重要,权重值最小,为2.29%。

2.2 果实外观品质分析

由表4可知,18份胡柚种质果实外观品质指标存在不同程度差异。单果质量分布在184.32~423.20 g之间,其中红肉胡柚的单果质量最大,果4的单果质量最小。果形指数差异不大,变异系数仅为3.06%;所有胡柚种质的纵径均小于横径,果形指数均小于1,平均为0.89,果形为圆形。果皮厚度和可食率分别为2.15~9.68 mm和50.33%~83.67%,其中脆红的果皮最薄,可食率最高。果16的果皮最厚,可食率最低。不同胡柚种质间种子数量差异大,脆红的种子数量最少,平均每果种子数为0.22,而果16种子数量最多,达22.67。

2.3 果实内在品质分析

由表5可知,不同胡柚种质果实内在品质差异也较大。可溶性固形物含量在9.83%~15.40%之间,果4的可溶性固形物含量显著高于其他胡柚。可滴定酸含量范围为0.90%~1.57%,果8的可滴定酸含量最高,红肉胡柚的可滴定酸含量最低。不同胡柚种质间的固酸比差异较大,果18固酸比值最高(达12.73),果7的固酸比值最低(为7.91)。

维生素C含量在35.88~72.95 mg·100 g-1之间,果16的维生素C含量显著高于其他胡柚,果2的维生素C含量最低。不同胡柚种质间果肉类胡萝卜素总量差异高达3.78倍;红肉胡柚果肉橙红,类胡萝卜素总量达8.66 μg·g-1,显著高于其他胡柚。总酚含量位于13.83~20.07 mg·g-1之间,其中脆红的总酚含量最高。黄烷酮总量范围为3.71~9.65 mg·g-1,其中脆红的黄烷酮总量最高。不同胡柚种质间FNs(具苦味)和FRs(不具苦味)的变异系数均较大,分别为43.18%和52.48%;果10的FNs含量最高(5.39 mg·g-1),与品尝感觉的苦味最重一致;脆红的FRs含量最高,但果实中未检测出FNs,与脆红果肉品尝不出苦味相一致。

2.4 果实感官评定分析

就果实剥皮难易、皮色、肉质这三项指标进行了感官评价,结果如表6所示。不同胡柚种质间果实剥皮难易程度差别大,其中胡柚优株a、红肉胡柚、果2和果11剥皮容易,果8极难剥皮。果实皮色得分差别也较大,01-7a、脆红和果7果实整齐,着色均匀,表面光洁,得分高。果实肉质得分差别不大,红肉胡柚肉质得分最高,为81.47。

2.5 果实品质综合评价

胡柚理化指标得分如表6所示。其中甜酸风味得分为可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量和固酸比三者得分的平均值;苦味得分为黄烷酮新橘皮糖苷含量得分值;营养指标得分为类胡萝卜素总量、黄烷酮总量和总酚含量得分的平均值。按表2所示的理化指标得分计算原则,各理化指标最高可得100分,最低可得0分。对于趋中指标,可能存在两份种质得分为0,如红肉胡柚和果10因果个过大和过小在单果质量这个指标上得分均为0。分析表明,不同胡柚种质间果实品质差异大,在不同指标上表现出优异性。

将18份胡柚种质各品质指标的得分乘以对应权重值(见表3最后一行)再相加得出胡柚果实品质综合评价的总得分,计算结果见表6。01-7b和01-7a总得分居前二,其多项单项品质指标得分也较高,具有果实大小适中、种子数量少和皮色美观等特点,综合性状优,其中01-7b在甜酸风味和苦味得分上更胜一筹。胡柚优株b和果5虽果个偏大导致单果质量得分较低,但具有苦味适中、种子数量少的优点,其综合得分分别列第3和第5。除果实甜酸风味得分和维生素C含量得分外,胡柚优株a多项指标得分均靠前,具有果形优美、皮色美观和易剥皮的特点,其综合得分列第4。脆红综合得分列第6,其可食率、种子数量和皮色等单项得分高。

3 讨 论

数理统计方法通过数学原理结合测定理化指标对果实品质进行评价,可减少人为主观因素的影响,使评价更接近客观真实值,数理统计的方法在百香果[27]、猕猴桃[28]、香梨[29]和橄榄[30]等果实品质评价上均有应用。目前,用于果实品质综合评价的数理统计方法有多种,如刘磊等[28]运用主成分分析法提取猕猴桃果实品质的3个主成分,并根据主成分分析结果计算猕猴桃各品种(单株)综合得分。位杰等[29]应用“合理-满意度”和多维价值理论的合并规则对不同产地库尔勒香梨果实品质进行综合比较分析。谢倩等[30]结合模糊数学感官评价方法、多频脉冲电子舌技术及相关品质理化指标测定,构建橄榄鲜食品质预测模型。对本研究中的18份胡柚种质果实品质进行综合评价时,需考虑胡柚自身特点,用以上方法都存在一定误区,不能全面评估胡柚果实品质,如主成分分析法会导致相关信息指标的丢失,不能保证评价结果的一致性[31]。此外,在对果实品质进行综合评价时,品质指标赋权尤为关键。层次分析法是一种指标全覆盖且易操作的果实品质评价方法,它在确定品质指标权重时能将人们主观思维逻辑数字化、严谨化,从而获得客观、科学的结果。目前,该方法已被应用于葡萄[21]、黑莓[22]、油桃[32]和金花梨[33]等果实品质评价及影响果实品质和产量的因素分析。因此,笔者在本研究中采用层次分析法,通过1~9比例标度法建立判断矩阵来确定不同指标在果实品质综合评价中的权重,并对其进行一致性检验。同时,对于理化分析指标,以各指标的平均值为基准、最大值和最小值为界限,确定各指标得分,既避免指标信息丢失,也考虑数据本身所反映的信息。笔者在本研究中的评价体系有效解决了果实品质评价中涉及多项指标时难以确定主次关系的问题,使果实品质评价更加科学和合理。

胡柚种质是胡柚品种改良的重要基础,不同资源之间果实品质性状的差异为育种材料的选择和新产品的开发提供了重要参考依据。笔者在本研究中从外观品质、内部风味品质,以及营养品质等方面统计胡柚多个品质指标,结果表明,18份胡柚种质的果实甜酸风味、果实大小及种子数量等多个指标存在不同程度差异。通过建立评价体系筛选得出01-7b、01-7a、胡柚优株b、胡柚优株a和果5综合品质优异,具有果实大小适中,皮色美观和甜酸风味适中等优点,可作为胡柚优良品种在产业中直接应用或作为进一步选育的材料。通过对18份胡柚种质的外观品质进行分析,发现外观品质指标变异系数介于3.07%~143.57%之间,分别以果形指数和种子数为最小和最大。此外,发现脆红具有可食率高、种子数量少的优点。对内在品质进行分析后发现,果8和果16的可滴定酸含量高,固酸比低,不适宜用作鲜食品种开发,但可用于制汁等加工专用品种的育种材料。果17、果18和脆红的类黄酮总量和总酚含量均高于其他胡柚种质,可作为提高功能性营养成分含量的优良育种材料,满足消费多样性的需求。此外,本研究中的大部分胡柚种质均含有具有苦味的黄烷酮新橘皮糖苷,但脆红中只含有不具苦味的黄烷酮芸香糖苷,可将脆红作为培育不含苦味的胡柚的优良育种材料;果10虽苦味最重不利于鲜食,但因黄烷酮新橘皮糖苷含量最高,可测定小青果黄烷酮新橘皮糖苷含量,评估其是否能更理想地用作“衢枳壳”中药材原料。

笔者在本研究中对品种的评价仅关注品质,实际生产还需要考虑丰产性、抗逆性和贮藏性等其他农艺性状。另外,笔者在本研究中采集的胡柚种质资源虽均来自管理水平相对较高的示范园和骨干种植户果园,管理措施基本一致,但18份胡柚种质的自然分布位置和自身树龄有所不同,故其品质性状差异并不宜完全归因于遗传特性。目前已针对生产上自然散布的胡柚资源逐步建立资源圃,后续将作进一步系统评价,以期为准确筛选优良胡柚品种资源奠定基础。

4 结 论

笔者在本研究中采用层次分析法对胡柚果实11项品质指标的权重进行赋值,发现甜酸风味权重占比最高,果形指数占比最低。同时,对18份胡柚果实的各项理化指标和感官性状进行评价分析,根据理化指标计分规则对各项指标进行赋分,发现不同胡柚种质资源间果实品质差异大,在不同指标上表现出优异性。根据各指标权重和得分计算得出18份胡柚种质果实品质综合得分,发现01-7b、01-7a、胡柚优株b、胡柚优株a和果5综合得分最高,可开发为优良鲜食品种;果8和果16因高酸而适宜制汁等加工用途;脆红可作为培育不含苦味的胡柚的优良育种材料;果10可能更适宜用作“衢枳壳”中药材原料。本研究可为胡柚新品种选育及综合利用提供理论依据,也可为其他果实的品质综合评价提供参考。

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收稿日期:2024-02-02 接受日期:2024-04-02

基金项目:浙江省“三农九方”科技协作计划项目(2022SNJF083);浙江大学全国农业科技现代化先行县(常山)建设项目(588970-Y12202);衢州市科技计划项目(2022K25)

作者简介:张慧艺,女,在读硕士研究生。Tel:0571-88982223,E-mail:22116193@zju.edu.cn。#为共同第一作者。

*通信作者 Author for correspondence. Tel:0571-88982289,E-mail:chjxu@zju.edu.cn

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