人工真皮联合负压封闭引流及自体刃厚皮整复治疗大面积烧伤后瘢痕挛缩畸形的临床效果

2023-04-08 16:22黄积荣容翠梅李守春陈杰赵丽丽
医学美学美容 2023年3期
关键词:负压封闭引流

黄积荣 容翠梅 李守春 陈杰 赵丽丽

【摘 要】目的 观察大面积烧伤后瘢痕挛缩畸形患者采用人工真皮联合负压封闭引流及自体刃厚皮整复技术治疗的临床效果。方法 选择2019年1月-2022年1月在贵港市人民医院接受治疗的大面积烧伤后瘢痕挛缩畸形患者86例为研究对象,根据治疗方案的不同将其分成对照组和治疗组,每组43例。对照组采用常规方案进行治疗,治疗组采用人工真皮联合负压封闭引流及自体刃厚皮整复技术进行治疗,比较两组临床疗效、烧伤部位皮肤状态、炎症反应相关指标睡眠质量及心理状态评分。结果 治疗组治疗总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗后皮肤pH值均低于治療前,且治疗组低于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗后角质层含水量高于治疗前,且治疗组高于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗后TNF-α、IL-6、CRP水平均低于治疗前,且治疗组低于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗后PSQI、SAS、SDS评分均低于治疗前,且治疗组低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 大面积烧伤后瘢痕挛缩畸形患者采用人工真皮联合负压封闭引流及自体刃厚皮整复技术进行治疗能够有效控制炎症反应,改善皮肤状态,使患者保持良好心理状态和睡眠质量,缩短治疗时间,是一种安全有效的治疗方案。

【关键词】大面积烧伤;瘢痕挛缩畸形;人工真皮;自体刃厚皮整复;负压封闭引流

中图分类号:R619+.6 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1004-4949(2023)03-0080-04

Clinical Effect of Artificial Dermis Combined with Negative Pressure Closed Drainage and Autologous Split-thickness Skin Repair Technique in the Treatment of Scar Deformity After Extensive Burn

HUANG Ji-rong, RONG Cui-mei, LI Shou-chun, CHEN Jie, ZHAO Li-li

(Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Guigang Peoples Hospital, Guigang 537100, Guangxi, China)

【Abstract】Objective To study the clinical effect of artificial dermis combined with negative pressure closed drainage and autologous split-thickness skin repair technique in the treatment of scar deformity after extensive burn. Methods A total of 86 patients with scar deformity after extensive burn who were treated in Guigang Peoples Hospital from January 2019 to January 2022 were selected as the research objects. According to different treatment schemes, they were divided into control group and treatment group, with 43 cases in each group. The control group was treated with conventional regimen; the treatment group was treated with artificial dermis combined with negative pressure closed drainage and autologous split-thickness skin repair technology. The clinical efficacy, skin status of burn site, sleep quality and psychological status scores of inflammatory response related indicators were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). The skin pH value of the two groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment, and that in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The water content of stratum corneum in the two groups after treatment was higher than that before treatment, and that in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP in the two groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment, and those in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The PSQI, SAS and SDS scores of the two groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment, and those in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Artificial dermis combined with negative pressure closed drainage and autologous split-thickness skin repair technique can effectively control the inflammatory response, improve the skin condition, keep the patients in good mental state and sleep quality, and shorten the treatment time, which is a safe and effective treatment plan.

【Key words】Extensive burn; Scar deformity; Artificial dermis; Autologous split-thickness skin repair; Negative pressure closed drainage

燒伤(burn)主要指的是在高温、电流、辐射等因素的作用下皮肤和相关黏膜组织受到损害的病理学现象。烧伤愈合过程中常伴有瘢痕病灶形成[1-3]。患者受伤后缺乏正常组织,局部通过疤痕组织填充愈合,瘢痕组织无弹性,逐渐缩短且难以拉开,进而出现瘢痕挛缩,严重可致畸形的发生。若不及时开展治疗,会对患者的生存质量、身心健康产生严重影响,甚至可导致神经损伤等诸多并发症。目前临床多采用定位、夹板固定、锻炼、手术矫正等手段治疗,传统方式为中厚皮片或全厚皮片移植及皮瓣移植修复等。但传统手术存在移植皮片不足等情况,可能会造成二次瘢痕挛缩以及色素沉着等不良反应。人工真皮可有效解决自体皮供应不足的情况,获得较好的修复效果。基于此,本研究旨在观察人工真皮联合负压封闭引流及自体刃厚皮整复技术治疗大面积烧伤后瘢痕挛缩畸形的有效性与安全性,现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料 选择2019年1月-2022年1月在贵港市人民医院接受治疗的86例大面积烧伤后瘢痕挛缩畸形患者为研究对象。纳入标准:符合治疗适应证;临床资料完整。排除标准:精神状态不佳者;依从性不佳者。根据治疗方案的不同将其分成对照组和治疗组,每组43例。对照组男24例,女19例;年龄19~67岁,平均年龄(41.83±4.61)岁;病程1~7 h,平均病程(2.33±0.54)h。治疗组男26例,女17例;年龄19~64岁,平均年龄(41.54±4.37)岁;病程1~9 h,平均病程(2.46±0.62)h。两组性别、年龄及病程比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),研究可比。本研究经我院医学伦理委员会审核批准,所有患者均知情同意,并签署知情同意书。

1.2 方法

1.2.1对照组 采用常规方案进行治疗:所有患者于全身麻醉条件下实施手术治疗,沿瘢痕与正常皮肤组织边界完整切除瘢痕组织,锐性分离处理,至基底达到柔软且有弹性的正常组织部位,有效止血,使用碘伏、醋酸氯已定、生理盐水冲洗创面。

1.2.2治疗组 采用人工真皮联合负压封闭引流及自体刃厚皮整复技术进行治疗,常规处理与对照组相同,而后实施人工真皮联合负压封闭引流及自体刃厚皮整复技术。首先行人工真皮植入、负压封闭引流,将人工真皮置于生理盐水中浸泡处理,随后用尖刀对其进行打孔,根据创面的实际大小、形状进行合理的裁剪覆盖,采用规格为3-0丝线进行缝合固定,使用油纱、无菌纱布进行加压包扎,外置负压封闭引流装置,术后持续负压吸引,保持压力水平-10~6 kPa。1周后胶原蛋白海绵层色泽呈现粉红色且富有光泽,说明已完全“血管化”,于可吸收敷料表面实施自体刃厚皮移植和负压封闭引流,选用电动取皮刀,切取0.05~0.15 mm自体薄皮片,将其移植于血管化的人工真皮上,随后再采用型号为3-0的丝线进行缝合;术后5 d拆除负压封闭引流装置,术后进行常规换药,直至创面达到封闭状态。

1.3 观察指标 比较两组临床疗效、烧伤部位皮肤状态、炎症反应相关指标睡眠质量及心理状态评分。①临床疗效:治愈为瘢痕外观、形态完全恢复正常,瘙痒等相关症状彻底消失;显效为瘢痕外观、形态表现接近正常皮肤状态,存在程度轻微的瘙痒症状;有效为瘢痕外观、形态有一定改善,瘙痒程度轻微减轻;无效为瘢痕外观、形态、瘙痒基本无改善[4];总有效率=(治愈+显效+有效)/总例数×100%;②烧伤部位皮肤状态:检测患者治疗前后皮肤角质层含水量(运用高频电导装置测定)与pH值(运用pH试纸检测);③炎症反应相关指标:采集患者静脉血标本,经全自动血液分析仪进行检测TNF-α、IL-6、CRP水平;④睡眠质量评分:采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评价,总分21分,评分越高说明睡眠质量越差[5];⑤心理状态:以焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评价,总分80分,评分越高说明患者心理问题越重[6,7]。

1.4 统计学方法 采用SPSS 22.0统计学软件处理本研究数据,计量资料以(x-±s)表示,行t检验;计数资料以[n(%)]表示,行χ2检验;以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 两组临床疗效比较 治疗组治疗总有效率高于对照组(χ2=5.939,P<0.05),见表1。

2.2 两组烧伤部位皮肤状态比较 两组治疗后皮肤pH值均低于治疗前,且治疗组低于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗后角质层含水量高于治疗前,且治疗组高于对照组(P<0.05),见表2。

2.3 两组炎症反应相关指标比较 两组治疗后TNF-α、IL-6、CRP水平均低于治疗前,且治疗组低于对照组(P<0.05),见表3。

2.4 两组睡眠质量及心理状态比较 两组治疗后PSQI、SAS、SDS评分均低于治疗前,且治疗组低于对照组(P<0.05),见表4。

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