把握时代动向 探究时文育人——“Building a home in space”课堂实录与教学反思

文|张敏

一、教学背景

近两年，中国空间站建造进展顺利、佳报频传。去年10月，神州十三号载人飞船首次在轨飞行6个月，让每一位中华儿女倍感自豪。11月份，南通市举办了以“讲中国故事，倡传统美德”为主题的教研活动，笔者关注到如火如荼建设中的中国空间站，希望让每个学生了解空间站，感受祖国科技的伟大成就！空间站的建设属于时事，笔者从“二十一世纪学生英文报”网站找到两篇相关新闻报道，并进行删减整合，形成了本课的教学语篇“Building a home in space”。（内容如下）

Building a home in space

China is building a common（共同的）home in space for everyone.It’s the Tiangong space station（天宫空间站）.

The space station will have a core capsule（核心舱）,two lab capsules（实验舱）,a cargo spacecraft（货运飞船）and a manned spacecraft（载人飞船）.

On October 16,Shenzhou XIII（神州十三号）carried three Chinese astronauts into space.They are Zhai Zhigang,Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu.They will live and work in Tiangong’s core module（舱）,Tianhe,for six months.This will be the longest（最长的）space journey（旅行）by astronauts.

During（在……期间）their stay,they have many tasks to do.They will do scientific experiments and spacewalks.Wang will be the first Chinese woman to carry out a spacewalk.She will also become a space teacher and give a lesson to students on Earth.

One other special thing is that astronauts will spend the Spring Festival in space for the first time.What will they do to celebrate?We can see them on TV later and find out！

二、教学分析

1.语篇分析

全文共分为五段，第一、二两段介绍空间站的基本信息和五个模块的名称；第三至五段介绍神州十三号载人飞船的信息。语篇话题属于科普类，生词较多、较难，对于影响学生阅读兴趣的生词，加注了中文；而能通过上下文猜测大意的生词，则不需加注中文。

2.学生分析

语篇内容适合六年级学生，经过几年的学习，学生已经积累了较为丰富的语音、词汇、语法等知识，拥有较高的语言能力和学习能力。语篇内容虽然较难，但可以设定恰当的教学目标，选择合适的教学方法，将课堂活动始终保持在学生的“最近发展区”，从而实现教学目标。

3.目标分析

教学目标的设定既要基于学生的学情，又要指向核心素养的发展，包括提升学生的语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力。本课教学目标具体如下：

（1）学生能听懂、会读、会说space station,core capsule,lab capsule,cargo spacecraft,manned spacecraft,astronauts,scientific experiments,spacewalk,spend等语篇重点词汇。

（2）学生能够利用板书、思维导图等合作复述天空空间站的五个模块以及神州十三号载人飞船的信息。

（3）学生能够了解空间站的建设进程和计划、货运飞船和实验舱的功能。

（4）学生能够了解中国航天50年的发展历程，感受祖国科技的巨大进步，增强民族自豪感，树立报效祖国的远大志向。

4.重难点分析

本课教学重点是掌握语篇核心词汇、复述语篇大意，了解空间站的建设情况和中国航天史，发展学生的语言能力和文化意识。教学难点首先为科普类生僻词汇，其次为复述文本内容，最后是让学生能够在学习中形成正确的文化意识。要突破以上难点，需要选择科学、合理的教学方法并丰富课程资源。

三、教学实录

Step 1.Warming-up and leading-in

1.Watch a video

设计意图：通过观看空间站的科普视频，激发学生对于本课内容的学习兴趣，初步呈现重点词汇。

2.Free talk

T:You watched carefully.Can you guess what we’ll learn today?

S:Tiangong Space Sation.（新授space,station）

T:The name of the space station is Tiangong,which means Heavenly Palace.What do you think of the name?

S:It’s beautiful.

T:Which country is building it?

S:China.

T:You can see the national flag here.Now,let’s listen to Paragragh 1 and check.

T:Who can read this part?（学生朗读第一段）

T:I’m happy you can read this word well.（新授common）

T:Today let’s talk about building a home in space.

设计意图：本环节承上启下,师生结合视频展开交流，自然过渡到文本第一段并揭示课题。在交流中追问空间站的名字，让学生初步感受中华文化的浪漫，培养学生的文化自信。

Step 2.Presentation and practice

1.Learn and retell the five parts of the space station

（1）Listen and learn

T:From the picture,can you guess how many parts the space station will have?

S:Five.

T:Let’s listen and find out what they are.

T:First,there’s a...Who can read it?

S:core capsule（新授core capsule：before——core，capsule分解为cap+sule，操练sule）

T:Next，there are two...

S:Lab capsules.（新授lab）

T:Then，there’s a...

S:Cargo spacecraft.（新授cargo spacecraft：cargo分解成car+go，引导学生猜测词义，spacecraft分解成space+craft，操练craft）

T:A car can go with goods.Cargo means...

S:货运。

T:Clever boy！Finally,there’s a...

S:Manned spacecraft.（新授man-manned）

T:Manned spacecraft can carry men to space.It means...

S:载人飞船。

T:Great！Now let’s read the five parts together.

设计意图：本环节学习空间站五个模块的名称，通过单词分解、联系旧知、看词猜意等方式，帮助学生轻松朗读和理解词汇。

（2）Match and retell

T:Look!I have a model of the space station.Can you put the names of each part in the right place?（一位同学在黑板上进行板贴，其他学生在导学单上完成）

T:Next,let’s work in pairs and retell.

设计意图：通过将空间站五个模块名称摆放到相对应图片的正确位置，学生能够在多感官活动中积极主动地建构知识，获得积极的学习体验。

2.Watch and know the plan

T:You know the five parts well,but which ones did we send into space?Look at the names.What spacecrafts are they？

T:Tianhe is the core capsule.What about Tianzhou?

S:Lab capsules.

T:No.Zhou is a boat.It can carry goods.Guess？

S:Cargo spacecraft?

T:Yes!And Shenzhou is...

S:Manned spacecraft.

T:Right!Now watch a video and match the names with the launching time.

T:What can you find?（观察板书并思考）

S:We always send cargo spacecraftsbeforemanned spacecrafts.

T:You have sharp eyes.Why do we do that?

S:I think before the men go to the space station,the food will go first.

T:Great！Cargo spacecrafts can carry many other things，too.（拓展货运飞船的功能）

T:Are they important to the astronauts?（新授astronauts）

设计意图：学生在了解空间站建设情况时，通过谈论各部分航天器的中文名字，再次体会中华文化之美。在匹配航天器与发射时间后,学生观察板书探究发射规律，思考货运飞船先于载人飞船发射的原因，体现新版《英语课程课标》倡导的“为学生创设主动参与和探究主题意义的情境和空间，使学生成为意义探究的主体和积极主动的知识建构者”。最后，以astronauts一词巧妙连接下一部分。

3.Talk about the 3 astronauts of Shenzhou XIII

T:Look at the astronauts.Who are they?

S:They are Zhai Zhigang,Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu.

T:What do you know about them?

S:They went to space on the 16th of October.

S:They live and work in the core capsule.

S:They’ll stay for 6 months.

T:What do you think of 6 months?

S:It’s very long for us.

T:Yes.This will be the longest space journey by astronauts.

T:What will they do?

S:They’ll do scientific experiments and spacewalks.（新授：science-scientific,experiments拆分成音节朗读）

T:What does spacewalk mean?

S:太空漫步。

T:It means work out of the space station.

T:What else will they do?

S:They will give a lesson to students on Earth.

T:Two weeks ago,they became space teachers and gave a lesson.Did you watch the lesson?

S:Yes./No.

T:Now let’s watch a short clip.（学生观看太空课片段）What do you think of the lesson?

S:It’s very interesting.

T:I think it’s special.（新授special）Why?

S:Because we can’t do it on the Earth.

T:Great!There’s one other special thing for them.What is that?

S:They will spend the Spring Festival in space for the first time.

T:Yes!Spend means...

S:度过。

T:How will they spend the Spring Festival in space?Guess!

S:I think they will call their family and give good wishes.

S:I think they will clean the space station and make it red.

S:I think they will eat jiaozi and watch the Spring Festival Gala.

T:Good ideas!You can see them on TV later and find out！Next,please work in groups and retell.

设计意图：该部分是语篇的主要内容，学生通过导学单上的思维导图提炼关键信息，提升思维品质和学习效果；通过观看太空课，猜测航天员如何在太空过春节，有效拓展了文本，丰富了学生的课程资源。最后，小组借助板书合作复述，化解难点，发展了语言能力和学习能力。

Step 3.Get to know more

T:Did we send all the parts to the space station?

S:No.

T:Not the lab capsules.When will we send the two lab capsules?

S:Next year.

T:What can astronauts do in the lab capsules?

S:They can do scientific experiments.

T:Yes,lab capsules are also places to live,work and stay in emergency.They can even manage and control the space station.Are they useful?

S:Yes!

T:When will we finish building our home in space?Who can read this part?（学生朗读课件中的相关信息）

T:Do you know why we call it a common home?

S:Because we welcome foreign astronauts to the space station.

T:Yes！We know a lot about space station now.How do you feel?What do you want to say?

S:I feel proud because I’m Chinese.

S:I’m very excited!

S:I’m proud of our motherland and the three astronauts too!

S:I hope our motherland will be stronger.

T:The space work is not easy.Let’s watch a video to know about China’s space history.

T:Scientists make our country strong.What can you do for our country?

S:I can study hard.

S:I can learn more things for the future.

S:I want to be a good student.

T:Great!Let’s work together and make our aims come true!

设计意图：通过交流实验舱的功能、空间站的建造计划并探索common一词的内涵，让学生感受到祖国科技的强大；通过回顾中国航天50年的历程，让学生明白成就来之不易，从而树立奋发向上的斗志，实现文化意识的提升。

Step 4.Homework and blackboard design

1.（必做）Talk about the Tiangong space station to your family

2.（选做）Read more about China’s space news

设计意图：本课设计的两个作业包括复习巩固和拓展延伸，既有利于学生巩固语言知识和技能，又能够发挥潜能，促进自主学习。板书中左侧呈现空间站的建造计划，右侧呈现课题、空间站模型以及神州十三号载人飞船的关键词，四张粉红词条是对spend the Spring Festival话题的拓展延伸，板书设计形象生动，有效体现了教学重难点。

四、教学反思

时文素材与时俱进，蕴含着丰富的时代信息与文化内涵。新版《英语课程课标》提出，英语课程内容的选取遵循培根铸魂、启智增慧的原则，紧密联系现实生活，体现时代特征，反映社会新发展、科技新成果。本课对于小学阶段利用时文丰富课程资源、发展学生核心素养提出以下思考。

1.关注时事，捕捉话题

当前，中国空间站的建设正在取得前所未有的成就，教师能够捕捉到这一时事中蕴含的巨大育人价值，积极开发课程，有效实现立德树人的教学目标。时事是生活中鲜活的教育素材，只要教师们善于发现，就能够将蕴含时代发展变革的时文素材变成发展学生核心素养的优质课程资源。

2.精减文本，调适难度

任何时文素材，能否运用于课堂，都需要教师判断其内容是否符合教学目标和学情。时文词汇量大，本课采用了删减、合并新闻报道的方法来获取合适的语篇。教师还可以结合学生实际，改写、替换部分词汇以调整语篇难度。合理的语篇是成功教学的前提。

3.运用技术，丰富资源

新版《英语课程课标》指出，努力营造信息化教学环境，基于互联网平台开发和利用丰富的、个性化的优质课程资源。为了丰富课程资源，实现教学目标，笔者利用信息技术制作了多个观赏性强的英语科普视频，收到良好的教学效果。

4.巧用方法，突破难点

本课的教学难点，经过课前准确的教学分析，基本实现突破。美中不足的是，学生在小组合作复述神州十三号载人飞船的内容时，没能完整复述所有关键信息。如果能优化板书，呈现when,who等疑问词使逻辑更清晰，并且对合作要求和评价标准提出更具体的指导，相信可以进一步提升教学效果。