摘 要:词汇在高中英语教学中既是重点也是难点。词汇作业是課堂教学词汇的延伸和强化,但是目前词汇作业设计存在随意化,内容碎片化,导致学生的词汇学习效率低下。本文结合词汇作业设计案例,在深度学习视角下,以提高学生的语言能力为目标,基于单元主题进行词汇作业设计的路径。
关键词:深度学习;单元主题;词汇作业
作者简介:陈倩影,福建省福州高级中学。
一、引言
依据《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》,高中英语词汇学习活动以主题为引领,以语篇为依托,在语境中培养学生的词块意识,构建不同的词汇语义网,改变碎片化的语言教学。学生需要在课后通过多模态语篇阅读来不断积累和运用词汇,词汇作业的重要性不言而喻。词汇作业既是对课堂词汇教学的拓展,也是课堂词汇教学的重要补充。提高词汇作业设计的有效度是一线高中英语教师必须要解决的问题。
深度学习强调学生通过实践的方式对知识进行深度加工,将新学的知识纳入个人的知识体系并迁移应用到真实的情境中解决问题,从而实现学生高阶思维的培养目标, 助力学生英语学科核心素养的发展。
二、如何开展深度学习
教师可以通过明确教学目标、开发课程、调整教学策略和开展教学评价来发展学生的深度学习能力。教师通过创设情境,提出驱动性问题,引导学生小组合作学习,在这个过程中学会知识构建、身份构建和高阶思维。董晓晓等认为,要实现深度学习,教师应该在课前设定指向思维发展的目标,课中创设具有挑战性的真实情境,让学生在问题探究活动中发展思维,在课后开展多元评价,帮助学生深度理解知识和发展高阶能力。
三、深度学习视角下的高中英语单元词汇作业设计路径
传统的高中英语词汇作业存在针对性不足、单调枯燥、碎片化等问题。笔者以2019人教版高中英语必修第二册Unit 1“Cultural Heritage”为例,阐述深度学习视角下高中英语单元词汇作业设计路径。本单元属于“人与社会”主题语境,围绕 “Cultural Heritage”话题展开,以多模态语篇呈现中外文化遗产的历史与现状、所面临的问题,以及相应的解决办法等。学生能够结合自己所学知识和兴趣点,积极思考如何力所能及地参与福州文化遗产保护,并付诸行动。
作业一:核心词汇
What is heritage?
Exercise 1:Fill in the blanks with proper words and phrases related to cultural heritage
1.Cultural heritage is not only l __________ to material objects that we can see and touch. It also consists of immaterial elements:performing arts, social practices, t
craftsmanship and skills p __________ from generation to generation .
2.A new technologies for p __________ and p
cultural relics of the Mogao Grottoes was launched(发布) Wednesday.
3.Established together by the Dunhuang Academy and Tencent, the lab hopes to combine its study in computer graphics techniques with d __________ performances to create cultural and c __________ products.
4.The warm and humid weather in Fuzhou have l __________ the wide plantation of banyan trees.
Keys:略
Exercise 2:Translate the following paragraph into English,using the words given in the brackets.
福州有一个文化遗产保护组织正在采取行动保护文物,他们的行动引起了我们的关注(使用whose引导的定语从句)。和负责人林聪生进行了一次会面之后,我们更加深入地了解了他们行动的重要性。他们把福州传统习俗遗存留影,并用最熟悉的福州方言解说照片,讲述福州传统习俗、故事和传说。同时,他们将会把照片展示给公众,以唤起他们的文化遗产保护意识并获得他们的支持。
(preservation,attach importance to, awareness,fund,donate, historic,worthwhile)
Keys:略
【设计意图】
在Exercise 1中,学生通过完成语境填词,巩固对单元核心词汇词形、词性、词义的掌握;在Exercise 2中,学生用核心词汇进行翻译,描述林聪生如何保护福州的文化遗产。
作业二:First impression of Fuzhou
Exercise1:Fill in the blanks with proper relative pronouns and adverbs.
Fuzhou, as the capital city of Fujian Province, locates on the southeast coast of China. Fuzhou has been endowed (赋予)with a good ecological (生态的)environment and rich natural resources. The warm and humid weather has led to the wide plantation of banyan trees 1. __________ are evergreen with lush branches and leaves all year round. Legend has it that the prefect named Zhang Boyu advocated “organizing each household to plant banyan trees” , 2. __________ made it possible that “Fuzhou city is full of green shades”, 3. __________Fuzhou was named “the city of banyans”. During the Five Dynasties Period, Wang Shenzhi expanded the area of Fuzhou City, and enclosed(围住) the beautiful sceneries of the Yushan Hill, Wushan Hill and Pingshan Hill in the city to form a unique pattern of “hills , 4. __________ Fuzhou is also known as the “Three Hills (Sanshan)”.
Exercise 2: According to the passage, draw a mind map to Summarize phrases related to Fuzhou heritages.
Keys:
Exercise 1:
1.which 2.which 3.for which 4.for which
Exercise 2:略
【設计意图】
基于“福州文化遗产”主题语篇,学生不仅复习本单元目标语法限制性定语从句,而且基于新语篇总结概括“福州文化遗产”主题词块,为下一环节的话题词汇运用夯实基础,体现出作业的关联性和综合性,训练学生对目标语言进行提取概括的能力。
作业三:Fascination of Fuzhou cultural heritage
A good taste
Exercise 1:Thinking and sharing
Draw the structure of the text
China rich in tastes
China has rich cooking traditions that have lasted thousands of years. A number of Chinese dishes and cooking styles enjoy huge popularity throughout the world.
2.“The development of Chinese civilization (文明) evolved around food culture,” Bian Jiang told China Daily.
3. Many important dates in China are marked with food. Spring Festival celebrations, for example, kick off with a bowl of “eight treasure” congee (八宝粥) on the eighth day of the 12th lunar month on the Chinese lunar calendar. It's followed by the preparation and eating of dumplings on Lunar New Year's Eve and Lunar New Year's Day.
4. Chinese cuisine has a unique theory. While the West has a food pyramid, the philosophy (哲学) of yin and yang can be found in most Chinese dishes.According to the philosophy, all natural phenomena (现象) have opposites that complement (补充) each other. A diet that has a balance of yin and yang foods is said to help prevent illness and emotional problems.
Exercise 2:
How to introduce your favorite Chinese dishes to foreign friends?Fill in the mind maps related to Fuzhou cuisines
Keys:略
作业四:Promotion of Fuzhou cultural heritage
Exercise 1:Cooperate to design a pamphlet(宣传页)
Hi, everyone! I'm Fraser,and I'm from the UK. Knowing that the World Heritage Committee's 44th session was chaired from Fuzhou successfully, I'm eager to visit Fuzhou and experience its cultural and natural heritages. However, I'm not sure where to go. Any ideas?
請四人一组合作设计“魅力福州,多彩非遗”深度主题游线路宣传册(pamphlet)。
目的地
景点
主要活动
Keys:略
【设计意图】
笔者从单元大观念的视角出发,在前三个部分的基础上进行综合性的整体输出。通过项目式学习,学生的英语学科核心素养有所提升。学生能够掌握文化遗产话题相关词块的表达方式,能够用英语谈论福州文化遗产并发表自己的看法。通过学习如何对他人进行基于事实的评价,提高学生的批判性思维能力。在对福州文化遗产进行推广的项目活动中,学生为家乡拥有璀璨的闽都文化而自豪。
四、结语
词汇作业是检验学生课堂词汇学习成果的重要途径。为了提高词汇作业的效度,教师在深度学习视角下进行词汇作业设计,紧扣深度学习的“活动与体验”特征和英语课堂上学生思维的发展过程,作业设计环环相扣、层层递进,以促进学生主动对单元主题意义进行探究和深层思考,从而有效提高学生的词汇学习效率和语用能力。
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