张波 张成林
[摘要] 目的探討应用老年科- 骨科共管模式对治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折疗效的影响。方法选取129例南京医科大学附属宿迁第一人民医院2019年 4月至2020年 12月收治的65岁及以上股骨粗隆间骨折患者。将共管模式治疗的55例患者作为共管组,将骨科治疗的74例患者作为对照组。比较两组患者 mFI-5得分情况、48 h 内手术率、术后并发症发生率和术后半年内病死率。结果共管组患者 mFI-5得分明显高于对照组;48 h 内手术率(52.73%,29/55)明显高于对照组(17.57%,13/74);术后并发症发生率(21.82%,12/55)明显低于对照组(40.54%,30/74);术后半年内病死率(7.27%,4/55)明显低于对照组(20.27%,15/74),差异有统计学意义( P <0.05)。结论老年科- 骨科共管模式可提高患者早期手术率、减少术后并发症及术后半年内死亡的发生,提高手术治疗效果。
[关键词] 共管模式;老年人;股骨粗隆间骨折;并发症;病死率
[中图分类号] R683.42 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 2095-0616(2022)06-0154-04
Efficacy of the co-management mode in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly
ZHANG Bo ZHANG Chenglin2
1.Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, Suqian 223800, China;2. Department of Geriatric Medicine, the Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, Suqian 223800, China
[Abstract] Objective To explore the effect of the geriatric-orthopedic co-management mode on the efficacy in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly. Methods A total of 129 patients aged 65 years and above with femoral intertrochanteric fractures admitted to the Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from April 2019 to December 2020 were selected as study subjects.55 patients treated with the co-management mode were included in the co-management group, while 74 patients treated in the orthopedic department were included in the control group. The mFI-5 scores, surgery rate within 48 h, the incidence of postoperative complications and mortality rate within six months after surgery were compared between the two groups. Results The mFI-5 scores of patients in the co-management group were significantly higher than those in the control group, the surgery rate within 48 h in the co-management group (52.73%, 29/55) was significantly higher than that in the control group (17.57%, 13/74), and the incidence of postoperative complications in the co-management group (21.82%, 12/55) was significantly lower than that in the control group (40.54%, 30/74). Besides, the mortality rate within six months after surgery in the co-management group (7.27%, 4/55) was significantly lower than that in the control group (20.27%, 15/74). All differences were statistically significant between the two groups (P <0.05). Conclusion The geriatric- orthopedic co-management mode can improve the early surgery rate, reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications and death within six months after surgery, and improve the efficacy of surgical treatment.
[Key words] Co-management mode; Elderly; Femoral intertrochanteric fractures; Complications; Mortalit
随着社会老龄化程度的加深,老年人髋部骨折的发病率不断增加,而作为其中最常见的类型,股骨粗隆间骨折的发生率也在不断增加。鉴于高致残率和高致死率是该病的两大重要特点,因此如何提高老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者的手术疗效、生存质量及存活率是目前亟待研究的问题。研究表明,衰弱可提高包括髋部骨折在内的多种疾病病死率及术后并发症发生率[1-5]。5项 -改良衰弱指数(5-factor modified frailty index, mFI-5)是评估衰弱的工具之一,得分越高,衰弱程度越重,其在预测多种手术的预后中起到重要作用[6-10]。有研究认为老年科-骨科共管模式可提高老年髋部骨折患者的治疗效果、减少术后并发症的发生、降低病死率[11-14],但也有研究认为共管模式并不能使患者从中获益[15]。2019年 4月,南京医科大学附属宿迁第一人民医院成立了老年股骨粗隆间骨折多学科诊疗团队,采用老年科- 骨科共管模式对部分老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者进行救治。本研究观察共管模式对治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折效果的影响。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
本研究选取南京医科大学附属宿迁第一人民医院2019年 4月至2020年 12月收治129例 65岁及以上股骨粗隆间骨折患者。将老年科- 骨科共管模式治疗的55例患者作为共管组,男21例,女34例,年龄65~ 93岁,吸烟18例,饮酒23例,骨折 Evans 分型:Ⅰ 型26例、Ⅱ型 8例、Ⅲ型 10例、Ⅳ型5 例、Ⅴ型6 例;骨科治疗的74例患者作为对照组,男29例,女45例,年龄66~ 96岁,吸烟28例,饮酒35例,骨折 Evans 分型:Ⅰ型43例、Ⅱ型7 例、Ⅲ型9 例、Ⅳ型8 例、Ⅴ型7 例。本研究经医院医学伦理委员会批准(2020-SL-0091)。见表1。
1.2 纳入与排除标准
纳入标准:① 65岁及以上老年人;②仅单侧股骨粗隆间骨折患者,且在院期间行股骨近端闭合复位髓内钉固定术;③低能量损伤者;④就诊距受伤时间≤24 h。排除标准:①合并其他类型骨折;
②假体周围骨折和肿瘤等原因所致的病理性骨折;
③在院时行其他手术治疗;④失访或有数据缺失。
1.3 诊治流程
自2019年 4月老年股骨粗隆间骨折多学科诊疗团队成立以来,患者的诊治流程如下:①急诊完善相关检查;②按内科疾病病情轻重分别收住骨科(轻度)和共管病房(中重度);③收住共管病房的患者,老年科负责综合管理,老年科、骨科、麻醉科共同负责手术时机和麻醉方案的确定,骨科负责准备和实施手术,康复科负责术后康复的指导。
1.4 观察指标
mFI-5由是否有糖尿病史、治疗中的高血压病、充血性心力衰竭史、慢性阻塞性肺疾病病史或肺部感染以及机体功能状态(完全或部分依赖)5项得分之和计算而来[16]。每项阳性计1 分,阴性计0 分。本研究收集患者的一般资料、mFI-5 得分、术前等待时间、术后发生并发症例数、术后半年内死亡例数。比较两组患者 mFI-5得分情况、48 h 内手术率、术后并发症发生率、术后半年内病死率。
1.5 统计学方法
采用 IBM SPSS 19.0进行数据分析,计量资料首先采用 Shapiro-Wilk 检验判断是否符合正态分布,对符合正态分布及方差齐的计量资料,以均數± 标准差(x ±s)表示,两组间比较采用独立样本 t 检验;对不符合正态分布的计量资料采用 Mann-Whitney U 秩和检验分析;计数资料用[n(%)]表示采用χ2 检验。 P <0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 患者mFI-5得分比较
共管组患者 mFI-5得分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义( P <0.05)。见表2。
2.2 患者相关指标比较
共管组患者48 h 内手术率高于对照组、术后并发症发生率及术后半年内病死率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义( P <0.05)。见表3。
3 讨论
股骨粗隆间骨折是一种脆性骨折,多见于低能量损伤的老人,首选治疗方法为手术,跌倒是其最常见病因。多项研究和指南推荐,48 h 内完成手术可减少患者术后并发症和死亡的发生[17-19]。但因老年人内科并发症较多,外科医生管理内科疾病的临床能力有所欠缺,常需内科等多科室会诊协同治疗,可能贻误手术时机、延长住院时间、降低治疗效果等。
本研究结果显示共管组患者48 h 内手术率是对照组的3 倍,差异有统计学意义( P <0.05)。说明共管模式可更快稳定老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者的病情、使更多患者及早获得手术治疗。这可能与共管模式减少了因等待会诊造成的术前等待时间延长、并可及时处理患者的病情变化等原因相关。Traven SA 等研究发现随着 mFI-5得分升高,老年髋部骨折术后并发症发生率及死亡率提高 [20]。本文共管组患者 mFI-5得分明显高于对照组,但术后并发症发生率(21.82%)明显低于对照组(40.54%),术后半年内死亡率(7.27%)明显低于对照组(20.27%)。说明共管模式可显著减少老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者术后并发症、术后半年内死亡等不良事件的发生。这可能与共管模式下对患者进行综合诊治,尤其是与老年科医生在治疗内科疾病方面的优势、对患者及家属进行全面的健康教育、定期进行随访并指导治疗等相关。
近年來关于老年科- 骨科共管模式对老年髋部骨折的影响的研究较多,但很少有单独针对老年股骨粗隆间骨折的研究。Moyet 等[11-12]发现成立老年科- 骨科共管病房可降低老年髋部骨折患者病死率、提高手术治疗效果,姜骆永等[13-14]研究发现老年科- 骨科共管模式可缩短患者术前等待时间、降低术后并发症发生率和30 d 内死亡率。本研究结果与上述结果一致,且研究对象为老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者,针对性更强、观察时间更长。
本研究存在以下不足:首先这是一项回顾性研究,其次纳入的病例数偏少,上述原因可能会使研究结果造成一定的偏倚。但本研究仍可说明老年科 -骨科共管模式可提高老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者48 h 内手术率,降低术后并发症发生率和术后半年内病死率,提高手术治疗效果。
[参考文献]
[1] Turner G,Clegg A.Best Practice guidelines for themanagement of frailty: a British Geriatrics Society, Age UK and Royal College of General Practitioners report[J]. Age Ageing,2014,43(6):744-747.
[2] Choi JY,Cho KJ,Kim SW,et al.Prediction ofMortality and Postoperative Complications by Hip- Multidimensional Frailty Score in Hip Fracture Elderly Patients[J].Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,2016(64):S277-S278.
[3] Takauji S,Hifumi T,Saijo Y,et al.Associationbetween frailty and mortality among patients with accidental hypothermia: a nationwide observational study in Japan[J].BMC geriatrics,2021,21(1):507.
[4] Sia TY,Wen T,Cham S,et al.The effect of frailty onpostoperative readmissions, morbidity, and mortality in endometrial cancer surgery[J].Gynecol Oncol,2021,161(2):353-360.
[5] Jin X,Ren Y,Shao L,et al.Prevalence of frailty andprediction of mortality in Chinese cancer patients using a frailty index-based clinical algorithm-A multicentre study[J].Cancer Med,2021,10(18):6207-6217.
[6] Pierce KE,Naessig S,Kummer N,et al.The Five-item Modified Frailty Index is Predictive of 30-day Postoperative Complications in Patients Undergoing Spine Surgery[J].Spine,2021,46(14):939-943.
[7] Khalafallah AM,Shah PP,Huq S,et al.The 5-factormodified frailty index predicts health burden following surgery for pituitary adenomas[J].Pituitary,2020,23(6):630-640.
[8] Tracy BM, Wilson JM, Smith RN, et al.The 5-ItemModified Frailty Index Predicts Adverse Outcomes in Trauma[J].Journal of Surgical Research,2020(253):167-172.
[9] Luo J,Carter GC,Agarwal JP,et al.The 5-FactorModified Frailty Index as a Predictor of 30-day Complications in Pressure Ulcer Repair[J].J Surg Res,2021(265):21-26.
[10] Lachance,Morin S,Vasilevsky N,et al.Validayion ofa 5-Item modified fratlty index for patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery using the acs-nsqip database[J].Diseases of the Colon & Rectum,2018,61(5):E259-E260.
[11] Moyet J,Deschasse G,Marquant B,et al.Which isthe optimal orthogeriatric care model to prevent mortality of elderly subjects post hip fractures? A systematic review and meta-analysis based on current clinical practice[J].International Orthopaedics,2018,43(6):1449-1454.
[12] Prestmo A,Hagen G,Sletvold O,et al.Comprehensive geriatric care for patients with hip fractures: a prospective, randomised, controlled trial[J]. Lancet,2015,385(9978):1623-1633.
[13] 姜駱永,孙炜,黄晓阳,等. 多学科诊疗模式对老年髋部骨折患者术后30 d 死亡率和术后并发症的影响 [J].中华创伤骨科杂志,2020,22(9):777-782.
[14] 吴新宝,杨明辉,张萍,等 .老年病科和骨科共管模式缩短老年髋部骨折患者术前等待时间和住院时间 [J].骨科临床与研究杂志,2017,2(2):96-100.
[15] Joeris A,Hurtado-Chong A,Hess D,et al.Evaluationof the geriatric co-management for patients with fragility fractures of the proximal femur (Geriatric Fracture Centre (GFC) concept): protocol for a prospective multicentrecohort study[J].BMJ Open,2017,7(7):e014795.
[16] Subramaniam S,Aalberg JJ,Soriano RP,et al.New5-Factor Modified Frailty Index Using American College of Surgeons NSQIP Data[J].Journal of the American College of Surgeons,2018,226(2):173-181.
[17] Sasabuchi Y,Matsui H,Lefor AK,et al.Timing ofsurgery for hip fractures in the elderly: A retrospective cohort study[J].Injury,2018,49(10):1848-1854.
[18] 中华医学会骨科学分会骨质疏松学组. 骨质疏松性骨折诊疗指南[J].中华骨科杂志,2017,37(1):1-10.
[19] Lems WF,Dreinhöfer KE,Bischoff-Ferrari H,et al.EULAR/EFORT recommendations for management of patients older than 50 years with a fragility fracture and prevention of subsequent fractures[J].British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.),2017,76(5):802-810.
[20] Traven SA, Reeves RA,Althoff AD,et al.NewFive-Factor Modified Frailty Index Predicts Morbidity and Mortality in Geriatric Hip Fractures[J].Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma,2019,33(7):319-323.
(收稿日期:2021-10-10)