风景园林有机生成方法学再实践

各美其美，美人之美，美美与共，天下大同。

如今，公众对国际国家层面的大事件总是关注的。中国国际园林博览会（简称园博会），是国内园林绿化行业层次最高、规模最大的国际性盛会。园博会已然成为“人与自然和谐共生”理念和新城建设实践展示的重要平台，成为中国绿色营造、园林园艺产业更新、艺术文化传承发展、生态技术攻关克难的“缩影”。以探索一种面向未来的、可持续利用的发展方式为目标导向，园博园的规划设计需要科学的逻辑与章法作为实践方法学的引领。

可以说，直到20世纪末，中国现代风景园林学科专业实践中，实用的、相对成体系的方法学还是缺乏的。大约在1991 - 2000年，是本人设计项目最集中的10年，我开始了对风景园林规划设计方法学的思考和探索。但关于“风景园林规划设计有机生成方法学”的提出是在2018年以来才陆续发表，究其原因，在于本人认为从实践中提取、凝练的方法学需要不断完善。所谓风景园林有机生成规划设计方法，是一种以延续地域特征为前提，顺应自然规律、尊重人的需求为法则，正确处理保护与利用关系，创造永续使用的风景园林空间场所的人类活动。其立足于各要素逻辑推演，充分考虑各要素之间的有机统一，以及其与周边环境之间的有机联系。通过场地本底资源、地域人文、服务功能、人本关怀、空间形态、空间风格等各要素自下而上的设计生成过程，形成具有延续性、系统性、独特性与动态性特征的空间环境。由于设计的生成自下而上，充分凝练、平衡场地各类要素，使得设计契合场地特征和人为活动需求，有利于实现场地的资源利用和可持续发展。

本专题以第十三届中国（徐州）国际园林博览会“徐州—上合友好园”的规划设计作为风景园林有机生成方法学的实践区域，从意识形态、设计美学、科学技术等方面，系统演绎有机生成方法学在园林规划设计中的全过程应用。在意识形态方面，以有机生成的设计推演为理论基础，探讨功能、场地、空间在风景园林设计中的多维共生。在设计美学方面，围绕展示“上合”精神及各成员国特色的设计目标，以“和合”文化为立意缘起，通过图形提取、主题演绎、空间生成表达主题立意；从空间构成的角度探讨设计立意到空间生成的空间设计语言表达过程。在科学技术方面，从城市逆境胁迫下园林生态技术筛选与应用、植物群落学与“和合”美学相融合的植物造景设计、数字化展陈互动体验设计与表达等方面进行阐述，以诠释上合组织的精神理念，彰显科学技术对风景园林的支撑作用。

当然，就现代风景园林学科的方法学而言，是多样并存的，但能够高效解决现实问题一定是判定该方法学优劣的重要标准之一。其实，东西方在现代风景园林的追求，已经日趋殊路同归，虽然西方的人定胜天过于人本意识，使他们曾经误入歧途，但而今也逐步回归于人与自然和谐之大同。未来，期待有更多的风景园林规划设计有机生成方法学相关实践，去不断完善，有效支撑“美美与共，天下大同”美好愿景的实现。

主编

2022年3月12日

Re-Practice of Organic Generation Methodology in Landscape Architecture

Achieving one’s own goal yields gratification. Lending a hand to consummate others’ goal doubles satisfaction. Goals of self and others can be unified, thus the world can be harmonized.

Nowadays, the public is always concerned about major events at the international and national levels. China International Garden Expo (abbreviated as Garden Expo) is an international event with the highest level and largest scale in the domestic landscaping industry. The Garden Expo has become an important platform for the concept of “Harmonious Coexistence Between Man and Nature” and the demonstration of new city construction practices, and a “microcosm” of China’s green construction, the renewal of garden and horticulture industry, the inheritance and development of art and culture, and the tackling of key problems of ecological technology. Exploring a future oriented and sustainable development mode is very important. The planning and design of the Garden Expo needs scientific logic and composition as the guidance of practical methodology.

It can be said that until the end of the 20th century, the practical and relatively systematic methodology was still lacking in the professional practice of landscape architecture in China. From 1991 to 2000, which was the most concentrated 10 years of my own design projects, I began to think and explore the methodology of landscape architecture planning and design. However, the proposal of “The Organic Generation Methodology of landscape architecture planning and design” has only been published since 2018. The reason is that I believe that the methodology extracted and condensed from practice needs to be continuously improved. The organic generation methodology of landscape architecture planning and design is a human activity that takes the continuation of regional characteristics as the premise, conforms to the laws of nature and respects people’s needs as the law,correctly handles the relationship between protection and utilization, and creates diverse and sustainable landscape space places. As the design is generated from bottom to top,it fully condenses and balances various elements of the site. Therefore, the design meets the characteristics of the site and the needs of human activities, which is conducive to the sustainable utilization and sustainable development of the site.

This special topic takes the planning and design of the 13th China (Xuzhou)International Garden Expo “Xuzhou-SCO Friendship Garden” as the practice area, and systematically deduces the whole process application of organic generation methodology in landscape planning and design from the aspects of ideology, design aesthetics, science and technology. In terms of ideology, based on the organically generated design deduction, the multi-dimensional symbiosis of function, site and space in landscape architecture design is discussed. In terms of design aesthetics, around the design goal of displaying the characteristics of each member state, the theme intention is expressed through graphic extraction, theme deduction and space generation; From the perspective of space composition, the expression process of space design language from design intention to space generation is discussed. In terms of science and technology, the landscape ecological technology screening and application under the stress of urban adversity, plant landscape design integrating plant community and aesthetics, digital exhibition interactive experience design and expression were discussed, so as to highlight the supporting role of science and technology for landscape architecture.

Of course, as far as the methodology of modern landscape architecture is concerned, it is diverse and coexisting, but being able to effectively solve practical problems must be one of the important standards to judge the advantages and disadvantages of the methodology. In fact, the pursuit of modern landscape architecture by the East and the West has increasingly come to the same goal. Although the idea that man can conquer nature was too human-oriented, and the West once went astray, but now they are gradually returning to the harmony between man and nature. In the future, we look forward to more practices related to the organic generation methodology of landscape architecture planning and design, so as to continuously improve and effectively support the realization of the “Goals of self and others can be unified, thus the world can be harmonized”.

Editor-in-Chief

March 12th, 2022