基于p38MAPK通路的电针扬刺对全层皮肤缺损创面早期血管化及触觉改善的影响

2020-11-30 08:43杜伟斌陈荣良胡华辉鲍关爱沈福祥曹国平王利祥全仁夫
中国现代医生 2020年27期

杜伟斌 陈荣良 胡华辉 鲍关爱 沈福祥 曹国平 王利祥 全仁夫

[摘要] 目的 探討基于p38MAPK通路下的电针扬刺法对大鼠全层皮肤缺损创面早期血管化及触觉改善的影响。 方法 选择健康SD大鼠40只,将其按随机数字表法随机分为4组,分别为模型组、电针组、抑制组和电针+抑制组,每组各10只。模型组制备全层皮肤缺损SD大鼠模型后每天只给予碘伏消毒包扎。电针组给予模型处理后,当日即开始电针扬刺治疗,其后1次/d,共14次。抑制组在造模前10 min腹腔注射SB203580 5 mg/kg,其后1次/d。电针+抑制组在每次电针扬刺治疗前10 min腹腔注射SB203580 5 mg/kg。术后每天对4组大鼠进行一般行为观察,术后3 d、14 d对4组大鼠创面愈合面积,创面相关血管标志物(CD31、VEGF、vWF)和触觉感知标志物CK20表达进行比较。 结果 ①一般行为:在精神状况、反应能力、摄食量等方面,术后第2天4组均恢复至术前水平。②创面愈合面积:3 d后4组创面均有所愈合,但不明显,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。14 d后电针组的创面愈合面积比其他3组更高,且随着时间推移,创面愈合面积逐渐提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。③创面相关血管标志物:电针组3 d创面CD31、VEGF、vWF表达量最多,而14 d表达量最少,与其他3组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。④触觉感知标志物:14 d后电针组CK20的表达量相对较多,与其他3组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 电针扬刺可抑制p38MAPK通路过度活化,提高创面CD31、VEGF、vWF和CK20表达,在整体上促进皮肤缺损创面血供与触觉修复,最终加速创面愈合。

[关键词] 电针扬刺;p38MAPK通路;创面修复;早期血管化;皮肤缺损

[中图分类号] R246.7          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1673-9701(2020)27-0041-05

[Abstract] Objective To explore the effect of electroacupuncture and pricking based on p38MAPK pathway on early vascularization and tactile improvement of full-thickness skin defect wounds in rats. Methods Forty healthy SD rats were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups according to the random number table method, including model group, electroacupuncture group, inhibition group and electroacupuncture+inhibition group, with 10 rats in each group.  In the model group, SD rats with full-thickness skin defects were prepared and treated with iodophor for daily dressing. After the model was made in the electroacupuncture group, electroacupuncture and pricking treatment was started on the same day, and then once a day, with a total of 14 times. In the inhibition group, SB203580 5 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally 10 minutes before the model was made, and then once a day. In the electroacupuncture + inhibition group, SB203580 5 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected 10 minutes before each electroacupuncture treatment. Every day after operation, the general behaviors of the four groups of rats were observed. The wound area healing, and the expression of wound-related vascular markers (CD31, VEGF, vWF) and tactile perception marker CK20 at 3 d and 14 d after operation between four groups were compared. Results ①General behavior: The mental status, reaction ability, food intake, etc. of the 4 groups recovered to the preoperative level on the second day after surgery. ②Wound healing area: After 3 days, the wounds in all 4 groups healed a little, but not obvious, the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). After 14 days, the wound healing area of the electroacupuncture group was higher than that of the other three groups, and the wound healing gradually increased with time, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01). ③Wound-related vascular markers: After 3 days, the expression of CD31, VEGF, and vWF in the electroacupuncture group was the highest, while that on the 14th day was the least, which was statistically different from the other three groups(P<0.01). ④Tactile perception markers: After 14 days, the expression of CK20 in the electroacupuncture group was relatively high and the difference with the other three groups was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Electroacupuncture and pricking can inhibit the excessive activation of p38MAPK pathway, increase the expression of CD31, VEGF, vWF and CK20 on the wound surface, promote the blood supply and tactile repair of skin defect wounds on the whole, and finally accelerate the wound healing.

[Key words] Electroacupuncture and pricking; p38MAPK pathway; Wound repair; Early vascularization; Skin defect

皮膚作为人体与外界环境之间的第一道屏障,是免疫系统的重要组成部分[1-2]。临床上各种原因(如创伤、烧伤、切割伤等)导致的皮肤面积缺损是目前临床治疗的难点之一[3-4]。皮肤的损伤修复是一个高度复杂、精密调节的由多种细胞参与、相互作用并受多种机制调节的过程[5-6]。其中创面血管的新生在组织修复中有重要意义,可以加速创面与周围组织建立血液循环,获取愈合所需的营养物质,因此如何实现快速血管化是皮肤创面修复领域的一大研究热点。电针刺激是一种调动皮肤内源性电流、纠正创面内环境、加速创面修复的绿色疗法,但其作用机制尚不明确[7-8]。本实验基于p38MAPK通路,以电针扬刺为主要手段,观察干预后大鼠皮肤缺损创面早期血管化及触觉改善情况,从细胞增殖阶段的创面相关血管标志物和触觉感知标志物蛋白表达方面,探讨基于p38MAPK通路下的电针刺激对创面修复的影响及可能的作用机制,现报道如下。

1 材料与方法

1.1 实验动物及主要试剂

清洁级SD大鼠40只,雌雄各半,体重(220±20)g,购自浙江中医药大学实验动物中心,实验动物生产许可证号SCXK(沪)2017-0005,实验动物使用许可证号SYXK(浙)2018-0012,SPF级分笼饲养,温度20~24℃,湿度50%~70%,适应性饲养1周后进行实验。CD31抗体(GeneTen,美国);VEGF、vWF、CK20抗体(Gibco,美国);SB203580抑制剂(selleck公司,美国)。

1.2 建立全层皮肤缺损模型

结合前期造模基础并参考Ansell[9-10]制备全层皮肤切除创面大鼠模型。SD大鼠常规饲养1周,造模前12 h禁食水,然后予2%戊巴比妥钠40 mg/kg腹腔注射进行麻醉。麻醉达成后,SD大鼠俯卧位固定于解剖板,造模区以大鼠背部脊椎左侧或右侧2 cm处为中心,备皮范围3.5 cm×3.5 cm,创面造模区1.5 cm×1.5 cm,用手术剪剪毛、脱毛膏脱毛处理,然后以生理盐水冲洗、碘伏消毒、乙醇脱碘。以利刀切除创面造模区中心全层皮肤,深至皮下,制造皮肤全层切除模型。术后碘伏消毒、压迫止血,分置清洁笼内单笼正常喂养,保持伤口干燥,防止伤口感染。

1.3 大鼠分组及处理

将40只健康SD大鼠,按随机数字表法分为4组,分别为模型组、电针组、抑制组和电针+抑制组,每组各10只,所有大鼠喂饲标准饲料,预防创口感染。模型组制备全层皮肤缺损SD大鼠模型后每天只给予碘伏消毒包扎。电针组给予模型处理后,当日即开始予电针扬刺治疗(选取创面中心一点和创面边缘上下左右0.5 cm处正常皮肤各一点,给予毫针(0.20 mm×13 mm)针刺,不施针刺手法,然后连接韩氏治疗仪进行治疗,负极位于中心,正极位于四周,频率2 Hz,输出电流0.6~1.0 mA,以毫针出现轻颤为度,1 次/d,每次28 min。抑制组在造模前10 min腹腔注射SB203580 5 mg/kg,其后1次/d。电针+抑制组在每次电针扬刺治疗前10 min,腹腔注射SB203580 5 mg/kg。

1.4 指标评价与检测

1.4.1 一般行为学观察  实验开始后每天观察大鼠的精神状况、反应能力、摄食量、摄水量及存活数等。

1.4.2 创面面积变化的测定  用游标卡尺测量并计算各组术后3、14 d的创面面积,面积越小说明愈合越快。

1.4.3 免疫组织化学检测  采用免疫组织化学法检测每组大鼠皮肤创面边缘组织术后3、14 d的CD31及14 d的CK20蛋白表达。经过脱水、石蜡包埋等步骤,制成切片厚度为4 μm的标本。二甲苯脱蜡,梯度酒精复水,抗原修复,滴加一抗4℃冰箱孵育过夜后孵育二抗,中性树胶封固后,镜下观察拍照,对样本CD31、CK20的蛋白表达情况进行比较。

1.4.4 Western blot相关蛋白检测  采用Western blot法检测每组大鼠皮肤创面边缘组织术后3、14 d的CD31、VEGF、vWF蛋白表达。经过提取组织总蛋白、BCA法测定蛋白浓度、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、转膜、封闭、免疫反应(一抗和二抗孵育,β-actin作为内参)、化学发光(ECLA和ECLB两种混合试剂显色)、凝胶图像分析等步骤,对样本CD31、VEGF、vWF的蛋白表达情况进行条带及灰度值比较,灰度以Image J软件进行分析。

1.5 统计学方法

数据应用SPSS20.0统计学软件进行分析,计量资料以(x±s)表示,两组间比较采用t检验,多组间比较采用方差分析,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 一般行为学观察结果

实验动物术后首日普遍精神较差,可能因麻醉、惊吓等原因导致,后各组实验动物摄食量、摄水量均不同程度好转并均基本恢复至正常水平,无实验动物死亡。

2.2 各组创面修复情况

术后3 d 4组创面均有所愈合,但不明显,电针组与其他3组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后14 d电针组的创面愈合面积大于其他3组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);随着时间推移,各组组内比较,创面愈合面积逐渐增大,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。见表1。

2.3 免疫组织化学检测情况

术后3 d电针组CD31阳性表达量最多,术后14 d电针组CD31表达量最少,与其他3组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后14 d各组CK20表达量均较少,电针组与其他3组比较相对较多,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见封三图2、表2。

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(收稿日期:2020-03-12)