浅析非谓语动词在英语写作中的应用

张远胜

摘要：恰当的应用非谓语动词对简单句和复合句进行转换，不仅句型多样，句子活泼，而且读起来结构紧凑，言简意明。本文就非谓语动词转换简单句、轉换复合句、转换短文三个方面探讨了非谓语动词的应用。

关键词：非谓语动词；英语写作；简单句

中图分类号：G632.0文献标识码：A文章编号：1992-7711（2020）05-0089

非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，《2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对非谓语动词列了三项：动词不定式、动名词和分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）。恰当的应用非谓语动词对简单句和复合句进行转换，不仅句型多样，句子活泼，而且读起来结构紧凑，言简意明。相反，英语书面表达中出现过多的简单句会让人觉得单调乏味，句子与句子之间的关系显得松散；而文章中过多地出现复合句又显得累赘，读起来费劲。2019年全国高考英语书面表达第五档（21～25分）要求为：应用较多的语法结构和词汇有效地使用词句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑从而达到预期的写作目的，这足以看出非谓语动词在书面表达中的必要性。下面笔者就三个方面探讨如何使用非谓语动词。

一、非谓语动词转换简单句

写作时，可以利用非谓语动词对两个简单句进行转换，使其成为较高级的表达方式。转换时可采用三步法。

第一步：写出两个简单句。

（1）I found it difficult to solve the problem.

（2）I turned to the teacher for help.

第二步：让句（2）作主句，用非谓语动词改写句（1）。

第三步：句（1）表示原因，其动词found与主语I之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作原因状语。

Finding it difficult to solve the problem， I turned to the teacher for help.

其他几个转换的例子如下。

1. （1）It is produced by our teachers and our senior students.

（2）It reflects years of hard work.

→Produced by our teachers and our senior students， it reflects years of hard work.（2018年高考英语全国II卷）

2. （1）Our school is equipped with two playgrounds as well as a splendid stadium.

（2）Our school offers us an opportunity to do a variety of sports.

→Equipped with two playgrounds as well as a splendid stadium， our school offers us an opportunity to do a variety of sports.（2018年高考英语全国III卷）

3. （1）We hold the tea bags in our hands.

（2）We took a picture to memorize the unforgettable day.

→Holding the tea bags in our hands， we took a picture to memorize the unforgettable day.

二、非谓语动词转换复合句

用非谓语动词转换复合句比转换简单句要容易一些，因为需转换的一般是从句部分，这时只需要判断用何种非谓语动词，再把握好时态和语态即可，所以只需两步。

第一步：写出复合句。

After we had practiced playing basketball for almost two months， we strongly desired to be the winner.

第二步：把after引导的时间状语从句转换为非谓语动词，practice与we之间为主谓关系，且表示完成，故用现在分词的完成时作状语。

→Having practiced playing basketball for almost two months， we strongly desired to be the winner.

其他几个转换的例子如下。

1.看到一辆车朝她而来，我伸出手把她拉了回来。

When I saw a car running towards her， I reached my hand out and pulled her back.

→Seeing a car running towards her， I reached my hand out and pulled her back.（现在分词作状语）

2.这里曾有一家化肥厂，位于城市的南边。它每天释放出大量有毒气体，污染环境。

There was a large factory， which produced fertilizer. Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas， which polluted the environment.

→There was a large factory， which produced fertilizer. Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas， polluting the environment.

简析：“原句”中分别由which引导两个定语从句，重复且单调，将第二个定语从句转换为现在分词短语作状语后，不僅表达多样，而且言简意明。

3.由于老师的帮助，我的英语进步很大。因为我的英语进步很大，我确信我能考上更好的大学。

Because my teacher helps me， my English has greatly improved. Because my English has greatly improved， Im sure I will go to a better university.

→With my teacher helping me， my English has greatly improved. Because my English has greatly improved， Im sure I will go to a better university.

简析：“原句”两处重复出现由because引导的从句，读起来很别扭。换用“with+现在分词的复合结构”后，读起来给人的感觉大不一样。

三、非谓语动词转换短文（根据一般表达写出该短文的高级表达）

假设你是无为三中的学生李华，得知某英文报社招聘兼职记者，请按下列要点给报社写一封自荐信。内容要点为：1.表示感兴趣；2.说明优势：知识面、英语水平、合作精神、相关经历；3.希望得到回复。

注意：1.100词左右。

2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

一般表达为：

Dear Sir or Madam，

Im a student from Wuwei No.3 Middle School. Im quite interested in the news that you want some part-time reporters.

I think I am the right person for the job. As a student， Ive read different books. Furthermore， I am good at English and do well in speaking. Besides， Im easy to get along with and like working together with others. Above all， I once attended a course about the skills in broadcasting. So Im sure I can do the job well if I get the position.

I am looking forward to your reply soon.

Yours sincerely，

Li Hua

以上作文很少或没有使用非谓语动词，只能算是一篇普通作文，以下作文较多地使用了非谓语动词，效果明显不一样。

高级表达为：

Dear Sir or Madam，

Im a student from Wuwei No.3 Middle School. I show great interest in the news that you want some part-time reporters.

I think I am surely qualified for the job. As a student， Ive read varieties of books， making it easy for me to cope with different unexpected situations. Furthermore， I have a good command of English and do particularly well in speaking. Besides， not only am I outgoing but also I have a strong sense of cooperation.Above all， I once attended a course about the skills in broadcasting， where Ive received some professional training. So Im sure I can do the job well if I get the position.

I am looking forward to your favorable reply soon.

Yours sincerely，

Li Hua

（作者单位：安徽省无为第三中学238300）