抗核抗体对人绒毛膜滋养层细胞系HTR8增殖及凋亡的影响

2020-07-27 09:17张莉吴素琴郭毅
医学信息 2020年12期
关键词:细胞增殖细胞凋亡

张莉 吴素琴 郭毅

摘要:目的  研究抗核抗体对人绒毛膜滋养层细胞系HTR8增殖及凋亡的影响。方法  体外培养HTR8细胞,使用不同滴度的抗核抗体干预HTR8细胞,分为Control组、抗核抗体低浓度组(滴度1∶100)、抗核抗体高浓度组(滴度≥1∶320)。采用CCK-8法检测各组细胞增殖水平,流式细胞仪检测各组细胞凋亡,Western blot检测各组细胞bcl-2、bax蛋白表达水平。结果  抗核抗体高浓度组细胞增殖水平低于Control组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);抗核抗体低浓度组细胞增殖水平与Control组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);抗核抗体低浓度组和抗核抗体高浓度组细胞凋亡率均高于Control组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);抗核抗体低浓度组和抗核抗体高浓度组bax表达均高于Control组,bcl-2表達均低于Control组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论  抗核抗体通过抑制HTR8细胞增殖和促进其凋亡来抑制滋养细胞发育,其有可能影响辅助生殖的结局。

关键词:抗核抗体;滋养细胞;细胞凋亡;细胞增殖;辅助生殖

Abstract:Objective  To study the effect of antinuclear antibody on the proliferation and apoptosis of human chorionic trophoblast cell line HTR8. Methods  HTR8 cells were cultured in vitro, and different titers of antinuclear antibodies were used to intervene in HTR8 cells. They were divided into Control group, antinuclear antibody low concentration group (titer 1:100), antinuclear antibody high concentration group (titer ≥1:320). The cell proliferation level of each group was detected by CCK-8 method, the apoptosis of each group was detected by flow cytometry, and the expression levels of bcl-2 and bax protein in each group were detected by Western blot.Results  The cell proliferation level of the anti-nuclear antibody high concentration group was lower than that of the Control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the cell proliferation level of the anti-nuclear antibody low concentration group was not statistically different from the Control group (P>0.05); Apoptosis was higher in the anti-nuclear antibody low concentration group and the anti-nuclear antibody high concentration group than in the Control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); bax expression was high in the anti-nuclear antibody low concentration group and the anti-nuclear antibody high concentration group in the Control group, the expression of bcl-2 was lower than that in the Control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion  Antinuclear antibodies inhibit the development of trophoblast cells by inhibiting the proliferation of HTR8 cells and promoting their apoptosis, which may affect the outcome of assisted reproduction.

Key words:Antinuclear antibody;Trophoblast;Apoptosis;Cell proliferation;Assisted reproduction

体外受精-胚胎移植(in vitro fertilization -embryo transplantation,IVF-ET)给不孕不育夫妇带来了生育的希望。近十年辅助生殖技术发展迅速,但其成功率仅为30%~40%[1,2]。研究发现,IVF-ET成功率与胚胎移植早期滋养细胞的侵蚀能力密切相关,在胚泡埋入子宫内膜植入的过程中,滋养层细胞迅速增殖,细胞滋养层融入合体滋养层完成了胚胎的植入过程,滋养细胞对胎儿的生长和发育起了重要的作用[3]。近来生殖免疫学研究表明,免疫系统失衡是导致移植失败或流产的重要因素。抗核抗体谱(antinuclear antibody,ANA)包括一系列针对细胞核中抗原成分的自身抗体[4],前期研究显示ANA阳性的辅助生殖助孕患者其成功率较低,在风湿免疫科一些患者首发症状是妊娠丢失,而目前关于ANA和妊娠的相关性研究较少而且有争议。因此本研究主要观察ANA对细胞滋养细胞发育能力的作用,旨在明确ANA对于辅助生殖的结局影响,现报道如下。

1材料与方法

1.1细胞及试剂  人HTR8细胞购于上海富衡生物科技有限公司,胎牛血清购自Excell bio;DMEM/F12培养基购自Transgen Biotech公司;胰蛋白酶购自HyClone公司;凋亡试剂盒购自Biolegend;CCK-8购自Solarbio试剂有限公司;Anti-Bcl-2,Anti-Bax购自Bioss。将人HTR8细胞置于37℃5%的CO2培养箱中,10%胎牛血清、1%青霉素链霉素双抗DMEM/F12培养基培养,每天换液,隔日传代,取对数生长期细胞进行实验。

1.2 CCK8检测抗核抗体对HTR8细胞的增殖作用  将HTR8细胞加入96孔培养板,每孔100 μl(5×103/孔),分组如下:①Control组;②抗核抗体低浓度组(滴度1∶100);③抗核抗体高浓度组(滴度≥1∶320)。培养24 h后,每孔加入10 μl CCK-8,37℃ 5%CO2培养箱中孵育4 h,酶标仪(上海三科仪器有限公司318C)测定450 nm处的吸光度。

1.3流式细胞术检测抗核抗体对HTR8细胞的凋亡作用  将浓度1×105/ml细胞接种于6孔培养板,分组同“1.2”,干预24 h后,收集各孔细胞,包括培养上清中的细胞,PBS洗涤,调节浓度为1×106/ml,将100 μl细胞悬液加入流式管,加5 μl FITC-Annexin V和10 μl PI,室温避光孵育15 min,加400 μl Cell Staining Buffer,流式细胞仪(Beckman CytoFlex)检测各组细胞凋亡。

1.4 Western blot检测抗核抗体对HTR8细胞bax、bcl-2表达的作用  HTR8细胞培养及分组同“1.2”,干预24 h后提取各组细胞总蛋白。采用考马斯亮蓝法对总蛋白浓度进行测定,蛋白上样量定为30 μg/孔,进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE),转至PVDF膜,一抗(1∶1000)4 ℃孵育过夜,二抗(1∶2000)室温孵育1 h,洗膜后置于凝胶成像分析系统采集图像,以目的蛋白条带灰度值/内参蛋白条带灰度值的比值作为蛋白表达。

1.5统计学处理  数据采用SPSS 16.0和Graphad8.0软件进行分析和作图,计量资料以(x±s)表示,各组之间比较采用单因素方差分析,P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。

2结果

2.1抗核抗体对HTR8细胞的增殖作用  CCK8检测显示,抗核抗体高浓度组细胞增殖活性低于Control组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);抗核抗体低浓度组细胞增殖活性与Control组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),见图1。

2.2抗核抗体对HTR8细胞的凋亡作用  流式细胞术检测结果显示,抗核抗体低浓度组和高浓度组细胞凋亡率均高于Control组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见图2。

2.3抗核抗体对HTR8细胞bax、bcl-2表达的作用  抗核抗体低浓度组和高浓度组bax表达均高于Control组,bcl-2表达均低于Control组,差異有统计学意义(P<0.05),见图3。

3讨论

不孕症指夫妻有正常性生活、未采取任何避孕措施而未孕达1年及以上,其发病率呈明显上升的趋势。全世界的不孕患者人数约为8000万~1.1亿。不孕症发病率的递增趋势可能与排卵障碍、精液质量下降、人工流产、性传播疾病等相关[5]。IVF-ET的成功与否和多种因素有关,如年龄、BMI、染色体、卵巢储备能力、解剖异常、不孕年限、内分泌、免疫因素和男性精子质量等。自身免疫异常产生的自身抗体和生育能力下降密切相关[6,7],而且自身抗体与IVF-ET的移植失败或流产也密切相关,常见的自身抗体包括抗磷脂抗体、抗核抗体、抗甲状腺抗体等[8,9]。

抗核抗体代表了对细胞核内三大类抗原物质(DNA、组蛋白及非组蛋白)起反应的各种自身抗体[4],在系统性红斑狼疮、干燥综合征和其他结缔组织病均有ANA表达,ANA阳性也在相当比例的健康人群中存在[10]。目前国内外关于ANA与IVF-ET结局相关性的研究较少,其相关性尚存在争议。国外有研究报道,复发性流产患者中ANA的阳性率为13.21%[11],ANA患者接受IVF-ET技术后怀孕率降低,同时ANA还会降低首次IVF-ET的受孕率,而经过强的松和低剂量的阿司匹林治疗后,IVF-ET成功率显著提高[12]。国内研究显示,在ANAs中抗Scl-70和抗PM-Scl抗体阳性降低了IVF-ET的怀孕率,抗Rib P、抗Jo-1和抗dsDNA抗体阳性则大大增加了IVF-ET的早期流产率[13]。抗Scl-70抗体还能抵抗早期的胚胎发育,其原因被认为是抗Scl-70损害了在胚胎早期发育中起关键作用的DNA拓扑异构酶[14]。但目前对于ANA与IVF-ET结局相关性的研究仅限于临床资料分析。

自身抗体可能通过不同的机制造成滋养细胞发育障碍、胎盘部位血栓形成,从而导致胚胎丢失[15]。自身抗体还可能阻止RNA的转录,引起DNA复制障碍导致胚胎丢失,有研究显示ANA可能干扰细胞分裂过程导致胚胎丢失[16]。目前抗磷脂抗体综合征导致胚胎丢失的机制研究基本已经明确:抗磷脂抗体能通过激活补体、引起消耗性血小板减少等机制引起滋养细胞发育障碍,进而引起母胎交界处胎盘发育不良导致胎盘血栓形成,抗磷脂抗体也降低了IVF的成功率,而通过强的松和小剂量阿司匹林的治疗明显提高了IVF的成功率[17,18]。有研究指出,抗磷脂抗体能增加滋养细胞的凋亡,影响滋养细胞发育而导致妊娠丢失[19],而肝素和阿司匹林能够增加滋养细胞bcl-2的表达,恢复增殖和分化,增加滋养细胞的活力[20]。因此本研究推测抗核抗体对滋养细胞凋亡和增殖的影响对于IVF-ET后胚胎植入和发育起着重要的作用,本次研究结果显示,抗核抗体高浓度组细胞增殖水平低于Control组,而抗核抗体低浓度组细胞增殖水平与Control组比较基本一致;且抗核抗体低浓度组和抗核抗体高浓度组细胞凋亡率均高于Control组, bax表达均高于Control组,bcl-2表达均低于Control组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。说明ANA干预滋养细胞后,滋养细胞增殖能力下降,凋亡率增加,而ANA可以促使凋亡bax表达,降低了抗凋亡bcl-2表达,具有抑制滋养细胞增殖,促进其凋亡的作用,通过抑制滋养细胞发育影响IVF-ET结局。

綜上所述,抗核抗体通过抑制滋养细胞增殖和促进其凋亡而降低辅助生殖的结局。在生殖科采用IVF-ET技术的患者大多是高龄或长期不孕患者,面临卵巢储备下降的风险,而且IVF-ET费用不菲,IVF-ET失败对于患者身体、家庭、经济都是沉重的打击。今后需寻找逆转抗核抗体作用的药物,扭转助孕患者免疫失衡,寻求提高ANA阳性患者IVF-ET妊娠成功率的方法。

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收稿日期:2020-04-07;修回日期:2020-04-20

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