聚焦动态的英语阅读素养观——浙江省2019年高中英语教学活动评比纪要

葛炳芳

“浙江省2019年高中英语教学活动评比”以“实践英语阅读教学综合视野，提升英语阅读素养”为主题，采用课外材料，提前三天发放教学材料，让参赛选手着手对教学材料进行解读，做好教学设计。所使用的两则材料分别是The Two Tribes of Working Life（见附录一）和One Hour Every Day at Four O’clock（见附录二），要求参赛选手针对相应年级学生的语言水平和认知水平，就所给语篇作好教学设计，进行现场授课。

本次评比一如既往地聚焦常态教学，明确反对以应对高考题型为终极目标来设计常态的阅读课堂教学，以引导教师克服过度应试化的教学。课堂教学的质量较以往的课堂教学评比又有新的改善，每堂课都有很多亮点。参赛选手们认真做好文本解读，基于英语阅读教学的综合视野、指向阅读素养进行教学设计，尽可能多地关注学生的学习过程。

通过本次评比，反思浙江省高中英语课堂教学特别是阅读教学，认为在以下几个方面还需要继续关注：

继续强化文本解读

“文本解读是英语阅读教学的逻辑起点”，是一切课堂教学的基础。解构文本，从文本的题目、表层信息、深层含义到表达方式，无不对课堂教学内容的确定、教学目标的定位和教学活动的设计产生重大意义。有什么样的文本解读，就有什么样的教学设计。

充分关注学习主体

本次教学评比的课例中，参赛选手们很重视学生的“无干扰阅读”，重视其在学习过程中的主体地位。但是，由于教学时间是一个“常量”，而设计内容总体偏多，“赶”还是大多数课堂的主要问题。在内容理解上，教师“越俎代庖”的现象依然存在。切实强化学生真正的阅读体验，让学习真正发生，提升阅读课堂教学的质量，是今后一个阶段的重要改进点。在高中英语阅读课堂中，教师要为学生创造主动学习的机会，拓展其阅读体验，基于阅读过程和“无干扰阅读”，培养其逻辑思维、主动提问、慎思质疑等独立学习能力，使其形成阅读的关键能力和必备品格，即阅读素养。

聚焦动态的高中英语阅读素养观

动态的英语阅读素养观要求教师关注提升阅读能力的结构化过程。认知的层次性（如布鲁姆（Bloom）的认知框架、感知、概括、运用……）、教学文本的综合性（内容、思维和语言）、学习方法的个体差异性，都影响着学习过程中知识的解构和建构。因为英语阅读课堂的任务是帮助学生基于文本内容的理解、加工、评判，表达思想，所以，整合文本讲了什么、怎么讲的、为什么这样讲，设计学习任务，以“表达对作者传递的信息和读者个性化的理解”为目标，让“分解动作”系统化，这应该是英语阅读课堂知识的“结构化”过程。其中，“阅读体验”“学习理解、实践应用、迁移创新”（教育部 2018）“有梯度的语言内容融合”等都是“结构化”过程的一部分。

比赛结束后，参赛选手们进行了有效反思。

浙江省衢州第二中学张宇峰老师结合教学案例探究了强化学生自主整体阅读，进而融入语言学习和思维训练的阅读素养培养策略。

浙江省丽水市景宁中学毛丽琴老师强调了高中英语阅读课堂教学中基于目标定位进行取舍平衡的重要性。

浙江省温州中学蔡珍瑞老师聚集高阶思维能力的培养，尝试在文本处理阶段设计语篇型问题链、挖掘型问题链和评估型问题链来发展学生的分析概括、判断推理和批判性思维等高阶思维能力，发展他们的阅读素养。

浙江省义乌中学傅晓仙老师从文本解读、教学目标制订及学习活动设计三个方面探讨在英语学习活动观指导下的高中英语阅读教学实践及对学习活动设计的思考。在进行教学设计时，傅晓仙老师特别关注了新课程标准导向下的教学活动的层次性：基于语篇的学习理解类活动、深入语篇的应用实践类活动和跳出语篇的迁移创新类活动。

浙江省嵊州中学蔡马英老师作了全景式的反思，全面呈现了从文本解读到教学实施的三次实践，分析改进的过程及其背后的原因，提出了对阅读素养培养的一些思考。

现在把这组稿子呈现给读者，目的是让读者读懂教学研究活动的设计思路，并在这一思路的引导下，读懂授课教师的实践与思考。这些课是参赛选手所在团队集体智慧的结晶。三天的准备，即使有团队，也无法做到完美，所以比较接近常态。诚然，这些本身不可能是完美的课给读者带来的思考，必将能够帮助一线教师反思自己的阅读课堂教学，并为改进日常教学服务。

附录一：普通高中高二学生

The Two Tribes of Working Life

Workers，and possibly all people，can fall into one of the two tribes.Those who like to be involved in everything can be labelled“FOMOs”because they suffer from a“fear of missing out”.Then there are those who would simply want to be focused on their own particular work — the“JOMOs”，so called for their joy of missing out.

If the boss announces a new project，do you immediately volunteer，thinking this will be a great chance to prove your skills?If so，you are a FOMO.Or do you foresee the trouble to be involved，the likely failure of the project，and the weekend emails from all the FOMOs wanting to spend less time with their families?Then you are a certified JOMO.Another test is technology.Are you a FOMO，an early user picking up the latest devices or functions and sending documents to colleagues via the latest file-sharing programme?Or are you a JOMO，who is likely to believe that any technology upgrade will be troublesome in the beginning and wonder why on earth your colleague can’t send the document everybody has been familiar with?

Networking events are the kind of thing that gets FOMOs excited as a chance to exchange ideas.When JOMOs hear the word“networking”，they reach for their earphones.For them，being made to attend an industry cocktail party is rather like being forced to attend the wedding of someone they hardly know—a social suffering.Similarly，when it comes to business travel，FOMOs can’t wait to experience the delight of overseas conferences and visiting new places.It will all look good on their CV.JOMOs know that such travel involves lots of discomforts like crowded airline seats.The final destination turns out to be nothing more than a common conference centre or hotel that they forget five minutes after they have left.While they recognise that they have to attend some meetings and go on trips to get their work done，JOMOs regard such things as a self-punishment instead of a privilege.

Something useful may come out of it，but best not to get their hopes up.It might seem obvious that employers should look to hire FOMOs，not their opposites.After all，in a company full of JOMOs，sales might suffer and there would be little innovation.Nonetheless，while FOMOs are racing from meetings to networking events，employers need a few JOMOs to be doing actual work.If FOMOs are like dogs，barking excitedly and chasing their own tails，JOMOs are more like cats.They will spring into action if a mouse is nearby，but in the meantime they are happy to sit by the fire.

The other reason why depending on FOMOs is dangerous is that they are naturally restless.JOMOs will be loyal，for fear of ending up with a worse employer.But FOMOs may think that working for one company means they are missing out on better conditions at another.That is the point of most networking，after all.

tribe/traIb/n.asetorclassofpeople一类（人）；部落

involve/In'vɒlv/vt.include or affect（in an important way）包括；牵涉

label/'leIbl/vt.describe or classify sb./sth.描述成；归类；打标签

foresee/fɔː'siː/vt.（foresaw；foreseen）see or know beforehand；predict预知；预见certified/'sзːtIfaıd/adj.having quality etc.guaranteed 被证实的

colleague/'kɒliːɡ /n.person with whom one works，esp.in a profession 同事

via/'vaIə /prep.by way of；through 经由；通过

wedding/'wedIŋ /n.marriage ceremony婚礼

CV=curriculum vitae，record of a person’s education and employment；résumé简历destination/'destI'neIʃn/n.the place that someone or something is going to 目的地privilege/'prIvIlIdʒ/n.specialrightoradvantage特权

innovation/'I nə'veIʃən/n.introduction of new ideas，methods，or things革新

nonetheless/'nʌnðə'les/adv.in spite of this；however；still虽然如此；然而

chase/tʃeIs/vt.try to get；run after追逐；追赶

loyal/'lɔIəl/adj.true and faithful忠诚

附录二：普通高中高一学生

One Hour Every Day at Four O’clock

Every day at four o’clock I stop whatever it is I am doing to watch my favorite soap opera.I silence my phone，lock the door，sit with a cup of fresh coffee and escape.It has become an addiction，one that I like having.

Almost every time I do this，I am astonished at how much better the lives of these people are than mine.There are some basic facts that apply only to soap opera people.The women in particular.They are always extraordinarily beautiful.They do not walk across a room；they glide.They are never without a man for more than three hours at a stretch.They never do any housework.They never have a single hair out of place.

I remember one scene in particular because it matched the same situation in my life.I was at the airport saying goodbye to my friend.A young lady in the soap opera was at the airport saying goodbye to her lover.

I will never forget how she looked.One perfectly shaped tear shone down her brightly made-up face.The wind blew through her shiny blonde hair.But I wondered at the time where the wind came from in the middle of the airport!A Beethoven symphony was playing in the background and dozens of beautiful white Casablanca lilies cascaded around her from out of the sky — there must have been a hole in the airport roof，as her lover took her hand in his and kissed it tenderly!

Rather differently，however，I ended up with considerably more than one tear.My face did not shine；it was wet.The only music was a strange-looking fellow playing something less than romantic in the background.I particularly remember this because it drowned out the sound of whatever my friend was saying to me at the time.I had a strong feeling that it was goodbye，but I will never really know for sure.

Therefore，it is no surprising that human beings behave differently in soap operas.Have you ever noticed what it is like being sick in a soap opera?Do people in soaps attend to everyday realities，for example，do you recall even one person going to the john?If it just happens to be a special occasion such as an engagement，when is there no band on the scene?As of late，it has occurred to me that people in soaps never seem to pay bills，floss their teeth or change their kid’s diapers.And you know something.I wouldn’t have it any other way.If I wanted to watch that；I wouldn’t have to turn on the TV.You can keep your reality.Give me Fantasy!

At least for one hour every day at four o’clock.

soap opera/'səʊɒp'ɒp（ə）rə /a popular television drama series 肥皂剧

addiction/ə'dIkʃən/n.a strong desire to do or have something regularly 上瘾

apply/ə'plaI/vi.be relevant（to sb./sth.）；have an effect有关；适用

glide/ɡlaId/vi.move smoothly and effortlessly悄然走动；滑翔

stretch/stretʃ/n.unbroken period of time连续的一段时间

symphony/'sImfənI/n.a piece of music written to be played by an orchestra交响曲

lily/'lIli/n.a plant growing from a bulb，with large white or reddish flowers百合；百合花

cascade/kæ'skeId/vi.fall in or like a waterfall如瀑布落下；如瀑布状下垂

tenderly/'tendəli/adv.in a gentle，caring way 温柔地

drown/draʊn/vt.cause（a sound）not to be heard by making a loud noise淹没（声音）

behave/bI'heIv/vi.act，react，function，or perform in a particular way 举止；表现；反应

John/dʒɒn/n.（sl.）a toilet（美俚）厕所

engagement/In'geIdʒmənt/n.arrangement to meet sb or do sth at a fixed time；appointment约会

band/bænd/n.group of people playing popular music，often for dancing流行音乐乐队

floss/flɒs/vt.clean between your teeth using a thin thread 用牙线洁牙

diaper/'daIəpə /n.a piece of soft cloth or paper worn by a baby to hold its liquid and solid waste尿布